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1、考点23 状语从句一、时间状语从句1. 引导时间状语从句的连词从属连词用法例句While与同时，在期间，从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的词Dont talk loud while（as）others are working. 别人工作时，请勿大声说话。When当时，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句的动词可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词It was raining when we arrived. 我们到达时，天正下着雨。when you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you. 当你再
2、读一遍这首诗，你就会更清楚它的含义。As正当，一边一边，随着，表示两个动作同时发生或某事发生时，另一个动作发生了As time went on, his theory proved to be correct. 随着时间的推移，他的理论被证明是正确的。Till/Until用于肯定句时，表示直到为止，主句必须为延续性动词；not.until/till表示直到才，主句常用短暂性动词We shall wait until/till he comes back. 我们将一直等到他回来。I didnt leave until/till she finished her homework. 直到她完成作业
3、我才离开。Since自以来，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时I have heard lot of good things about you since I come back from abroad. 自从我从国外回来，我已经听许多好的事情。Before在以前He must finish all the work before he goes home. 回家之前他必须完成所有的工作。After在之后Lets play football after school. 放学后我们打篮球吧。【知识拓展】时间状语从句的时态问题：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句如果使用一般将来时态
4、，从句使用一般现在时表示将来，即所谓的主将从现。As soon as I arrive in Beijing, I will ring you up. 我一到北京就给你打电话。Youll fall behind the others unless you study hard. 如果你不努力学习，你将会落后于其他人。2. when，while，as引导时间状语从句的区别 when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。 when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。 Why do you want a new job wh
5、en youve got such a good one already? 你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？ （get为短暂性动词）Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。 （call为短暂性动词）Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 （is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。 （listen为延续性动词） when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和a
6、s从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。 a. 从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。 When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest. （finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。 When I got to the airport, the guests had left. （got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。 b. 从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。 When / While / As we were dancing, a
7、stranger came in. （dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 When / While / As she was making a phonecall, I was writing a letter. （make为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 c. 当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示随着 一边，一边之意。 As the time went on, the weather got worse. 随着时间的过去，天气变得更糟糕了。 The atmosphere get
8、s thinner and thinner as the height increases. 随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。 As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。 The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。 The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。 d. 在将来时的从句中，常用when，且从句要用一般时代替将
9、来时。 You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it. 在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。 When the manager comes here for a visit next week, Ill talk with him about this. 下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。 when用于表示一就的句型中（指过去的事情）。 sb. had hardly（scarcely）done sth. when. . . Hardly / Scarcely had sb. done sth. when. I had har
10、dly / scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. 我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。 I had hardly / scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang. Hardly / Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang. 我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。3.
11、比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是做某事直至某时，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是直至某时才做某事。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6点才到。
12、Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 区别： （1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 （2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。Until when are you staying? Until nex
13、t Monday. 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 （3）Not until.在句首，主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。 （4）It is not until. that. It was not until I began to work that I r
14、ealized how much time I had wasted. （5）表示一就的结构 hardly/scarcely. when/before, no sooner. than 和as soon as都可以表示一就的意思。 I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no s
15、ooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。 Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.二、目的状语从句英语里可以用to，in order to，so as to，so that，in order that来表示目的。1. to，in order to，so as to引导目的状语短语，构成简单句。He has to earn lots of money in order to/to/so as to raise his family.
16、他赚很多钱是为了养家糊口。2. so that，in order that引导目的状语从句，构成复合句，并且从句中谓语动词常与can，could，may，might等情态动词连用。Speak clearly so that/in order to everybody can understand you. such.that.so.that.请说清楚一点，这样每个人都能听得懂。结果状语从句so that 目的状语从句 结果状语从句3. so thatso that既可以引导目的状语从句又可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时译为为了，引导结果状语从句时可译为以便。He workedn har
17、d at his lessons so that he could gain high grades in the exams.他努力学习功课，争取考试能获得好的成绩。He workedn hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.他努力学习，结果考试取得了好成绩。so that引导目的状语从句时，表示以便，为了，从句中常使用can，could，may，might，will，would，should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词。He has to earn so l
18、ots of muney so that he can buy his children nice food and clothes. 他必须赚很多钱才能给他的孩子提供好的饮食和衣服。4. such.that.在such.that.句型中，such修饰名词，意思是如此以至于，such.that.引导四种不同的句子结构。（1）such+a(n)+形容词+单数名词+that从句This is such a good book that all of us like it very much. 这是一本很好的书，我们大家都喜欢读它。（2）such+形容词+复数名词+that从句They are su
19、ch good students that the teacher likes them. 他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。（3）such+（形容词）+不可数名词+that从句It was such fime weather yesterday that we went swimming.昨天天气很好，我们去游泳了。（4）one（no，any，all，many，some，several等）+such+可数名词+that从句There are many such good books that I cant decide which one to choose. 有这么多的好书，我无法决定选择
20、哪一本。5. so.that.so.that.句型中的so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词，意思是如此/这么以至于。（1）常用句型：主语+谓语+so+adj./adv.+that从句The boy ran so fast that I couldnt catch him. 这个男孩跑得太快了以至于我追不上他。（2）so+形容词+ a(n)+单数名词+that从句She made so good a meal that we all ate far too much. 她做的饭菜那么好吃，结果我们都吃得太多了。（3）so+many/much few/little（少）+名词+that从句当名词前有
21、many、much、few、little（少）等词修饰时，句子中要用so.that.而不能用such.that.。There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us. 缸里的水太少了，不够我们这些人用。注意：当little的意思是小时，仍用such.that.。6. 用in order that引导：in order that的意思是为了。He is working hard in order to pass the examination.=He is working hard in order
22、that he can pass the examination. 7. 用in case引导：in case此时的意思是以防以备。I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round. 我平时总存着一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝。注意：in case引导目的状语从句与引导条件状语从句时的意思不一样。8. 在目的状语从句中也有这样一个引导词in order that，容易与它混淆的词组是in order to，后者并不能引导状语从句。下面看一下两者有哪些具体差别。首先要注意的是，in order that与in order to译文相同
23、，都译作为了，不同之处在于：in order that+从句；in order to+动词原形。in order that+从句构成目的状语从句，表明主句行为目的；in order to+动词原形构成目的状语，不成从句。I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus.I get up early in order to catch the early bus.为了能赶上早班车，我很早就起床了。He works hard in order that he can obtain a higher position.He works ha
24、rd in order to obtain a higher position.为了升职，他很努力地工作。另外，目的状语从句还有一个特点：由于目的都是未来的行为，所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态，当然还可以用will，would，can等。He studies English very hard in order that he will go abroad one day.为了将来有一天能够出国，他很努力地学习英语。in order that与in order to只是结构相似，含义相同，但两者用法却有较大差异，不能够互换使用，因为后者不能引导目的状语从句，只能跟动词原形构成目的状语。三、
25、条件状语从句条件状语从句，即在某种条件下，一件事情可能发生。在英语中由连接词if或unless等引导的状语从句叫作条件状语从句。条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中），一件事情（主句）才能发生，通常译作假如，只要，如果等意思。条件状语从句中，主从句的时态要遵循主将从现的原则。即，主句是将来时态时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时态。引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有：if(如果)，unless(除非)，as long as(只要)等。如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句也用一般现在时来表示。如：I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，我就待在家。Yo
26、u cant learn English well unless you work hard.除非你努力学习，否则是学不好英语的。1.if引导的条件状语从句 表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。 If we pay much attention to the earth, well have a better world. 如果我们多关爱地球，就会拥有一个更美好的世界 If it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 如果明天下雨，我们怎么办？If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in
27、 the exam, you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 注意：if还可以引导虚拟条件句，表示不可实现的条件，从句中多用一般过去时或过去完成时。 What would happen if there were no water? 如果没有水会怎样？2. unless引导的条件状语从句 unless的意思是如果不，除非。可与if. not互换。 You will fail in English unless you work hard. 你英语考试会不及格的，除非你更加努力。 You will fail to arrive there in time
28、 unless you start earlier. 如果你不早点动身，你就不能及时赶到那儿。 Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨，比赛将照常进行。 3. as /so long as引导的条件状语从句 as /so long as的意思是只要 So long as youre happy, I will be happy. 只要你高兴，我就高兴。You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。 4. once引导的条件状语从句 once
29、引导的条件状语从句，意为一旦就，从句可置于主句前或后。 Once you begin, never stop. 一旦开始，就绝不要停止。 Maths is easy to learn once you understand the rules. 一旦你理解了规则，数学就不难学了。 提示：在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 If the weather is bad next week, well put off the climbing. 如果下周天气不好，我们将推迟爬山。 Father told me if I worked hard he would
30、 buy me a gift. 爸爸告诉我，如果我努力学习，他会给我买一份礼物。5. 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如： If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam, you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 If you have finished the homework, you can go home. 如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。
31、 另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如： If I were you, I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。 6. if 条件句的时态搭配（1）if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 If he runs hell get there i
32、n time. 如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。 The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。 （2）if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can。 If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾再大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。 If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。 （3）if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should。 If you want to los
33、e weight you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。 （4）if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时。 If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。 （5）if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时。 If you are looking for Peter youll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。 （6）if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时。 If you have finished dinner Ill ask
34、 the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账。【知识拓展】 1. 在以when，before，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句，也适用主将从现原则，即如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。 Ill tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 she will give you a call as soon as she returns.她一回来就会给你电话。 2.If条件句的同义句：祈使句，and /or+将来时态的陈述句。 Work hard, and y
35、ou will make great progress.= If you work hard, you will make great progress. 如果你努力学习，你就会取得大的进步。 Hurry up, or you will be late.=If you dont hurry up, you will be late. 如果你不快点，你就要迟到了。【巧学妙记】 if 引导的条件状语从句的记忆口诀if 条件句不一般，几个要点记心间；条件句,放在前，逗号要放句中间。条件句表真实，主将从现要遵从；条件句非真实，虚拟语气用到位。1. Spud Webb remained in anoth
36、er basketball league for a year _the NBA took notice of him.A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. after【答案】B【解析】句意：在NBA注意到他之前，斯巴德·韦伯在另一个篮球联盟打了一年球。考查连词词义辨析。when当时候；before在之前；since自从；after在之后。根据句意表示斯巴德·韦伯在NBA注意到他之前，他在另一个篮球联盟待了一年。故选B。2. The story is interesting everybody likes it very much.A. very; that
37、B. so; thatC. such; thatD. such; because【答案】B【解析】句意:那个故事是如此有趣以至于每个人非常喜欢它。So+形容词或副词+that从句，表示如此以至于；such+a/an+形容词+that从句，表示如此一个以至于。Interesting是形容词，这里用so。根据题意，故选B。3. Nobody knows if he _，If he _here, Ill call you at once. A. will come; will arrive B. will comes; arrives C. comes; will arrive. D. comes,
38、 arrives.【答案】B【解析】考查if句和条件状语从句。句意：没有人知道他是否回来，如果他来了，我就立即叫你。If第一句是表将来是否回来，第二句If假设条件状语从句主将从现，故选B。4. Your spoken English will certainl y improve _ you practise it every day.A. thoughB. beforeC. if D. until【答案】C【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：如果你每天练习的话，你的英语口语一定会改进的。A. though虽然；B. before之前；C. if 如果；D. until直到。根据语境，故选C。5. S
39、he read the text loudly all the students could hear her.A. becauseB. sinceC. whenD. so that【答案】D【解析】句意：她大声朗读课文，以便所有的学生都能听见。考查连词辨析。A. because因为，表原因；B. since自以来；因为；C. when当时候；D. so that以便，表目的。分析句意可知，她大声读书的目的是让所有的同学都能听见，故选D。6. I advise you to go to an English corner_ you can improve your listeni
40、ng and speaking.A. so thatB. even thoughC. whetherD. as soon as【答案】A【解析】句意：我建议你去英语角，这样你可以提高你的听说能力。考查连词。so that以便；even though尽管；whether是否；as soon as一就。句子“you can improve your listening and speaking.”是“go to an English corner”的目的，因此用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。7. I are not going out_ you have finished your ho
41、mework.A. thatB. butC. soD. until【答案】D【解析】句意：直到你完成家庭作业我才出去。考查连词。that用做连词，可以引导一些从句；but但是；so因此；until直到为止。根据句意和空前否定词not构成notuntil“直到才”，故选D。8. I am really proud of my group_ were always discussing and sharing study secrets together. How important the group work is!A. untilB. as ifC. becauseD. though【答案】
42、C【解析】句意：我真的为我的小组感到骄傲，因为我们总是在一起讨论和分享学习的秘密。小组合作是多么重要啊!本题考查状语从句。until直到，as if好像，because因为，though尽管。结合句意，我为的小组感到骄傲，是因为我们小组总是在一起讨论和分享学习秘密，故选C。9. Remember to keep in touch with your teachers and classmates _ graduation.A. whenB. beforeC. duringD. after【答案】D【解析】句意：毕业后记得与老师和同学保持联系。考查介词辨析。when当时候，连词；before在之
43、前，介词或连词；during在期间，介词；after在以后，介词或连词，根据空后名词graduation“毕业”，可知空处用介词，句意为“毕业后记得与老师和同学保持联系。”，所以用介词after，故选D。10. How soon shall we leave the airport?We won't leave _ we make sure that everything is OK.A. because B. untilC. as soon as D. if【答案】B【解析】句意：我们多久离开机场？在确认一切正常之前我们不会离开。考查从属连词辨析。because因为；until直到；
44、as soon as一就；if如果，根据前后句的句意，可知“直到一切正常，我们才会离开。”所以用not until“直到才”引导时间状语从句，故选B。11. _ you know little about this art form, you can read a book to learn more. OK, I will.ASinceBButCBeforeDHowever【答案】A【解析】句意：既然你对这种艺术形式知之甚少，你可以通过读书来了解更多。好的，我会的。考查连词。Since因为，既然；But但是；Before之前；However但是；根据“you know little abou
45、t this art form”可知你对这种艺术形式知之甚少，可推测出此处是“既然”，故选A。1. 【2020 黔西南州】The Chinese doctors went to Italy to help the patients_they knew it was dangerous.A. becauseB. ifC. thoughD. as soon as【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管中国医生知道这样做很危险，他们还是去了意大利帮助病人。考查从属连词辨析。because因为，引导原因状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；though虽然、尽管、即使，引导让步状语从句；as soon as一就，引导时间状语从句。根据语境“中国医生去意大利帮助病人，_他们知道这很危险”可知，前后句之间存在一种相反的让步关系，所以though符合句意，故答案选C。2. 【2020 黑龙江哈尔滨市 】Tim, our foreign teacher Ms. Green will go back to England next week.Really? Let'