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1、考点25 完形填空之记叙文一、命题趋势完形填空是英语考试中一项重要的考查内容。完形填空也是一种综合能力测试题，是对学生语法、词汇、句型、阅读能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的一种多方位的检测。按照考试大纲要求，通常在一篇200词左右的难度适中的文章中留出10个空白，要求学生从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。综观各地往年中考真题，记叙文居多，而且近年中考中记叙文所占比例超过50%，预测2019年中考完形填空也会以记叙文为主，侧重考查实词和对上下文语境、逻辑的理解。二、考试内容 完形填空考题要求考生在阅读过一篇不完整的文章后，能根据上下文意思，在所给的选
2、项中选择最佳答案。其考查点有： 1. 能够掌握足够的词汇量，正确运用词类和词语的正确搭配。包括名词、代词、冠词、动词等词类和短语等。 2. 基础语法知识。包括句法、固定搭配、句型、词语加惯用法、时态、语态、主从复合句等。 3. 还应具有一定的语言运用能力、阅读能力、理解能力、综合分析能力和逻辑判断能力。 以语篇为载体，测试语言知识和语言能力。试题既考查学生对短文的整体理解能力，也考查学生运用语法知识、词汇知识的能力以及对事物的逻辑推理、分析判断能力。 以意义填空为主。试题在着重考查考生阅读理解能力的前提下，兼顾对语言知识、常识、逻辑推理能力的考查。 降低对单词本身词义的考查要求，注重考查对全文
3、意义的理解。中考完形填空备选项中所涉及的词汇基本上都是常见的初级词汇。 考点分布符合考查目的。试题以名词、动词、形容词和副词等信息词汇为考查重点，淡化对介词、连词、冠词等结构词的考查，以检测学生在具体情境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。有的采用主观试题形式。有些完形填空题全部舍弃了学生们平时接触较多的四选一形式，而改之以自由完形填空形式，除了要求填入单词外，有的还设置了要求填入词组或短语的空格。三、命题特点1. 选文特点： 以叙述文体的小故事为主； 篇幅一般在200300词之间； 难度略低于阅读理解中的短文； 所选短文语言地道、纯正，结构严谨，层次分明，逻辑性强。2. 设空特点 首句通常不挖空，以便
4、考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。 短文设空平均密度为1020个单词设一个空。3. 选项特点 每个小题所给的四个选项一般都属于同一词性，语意范畴相同。长短相宜，避免了对答案的明显暗示，彼此之间也不会出现相互包容的情况。偶尔有个别小题的四个选项的词性不同，但其语法功能大都一样。 单从语法角度，甚至从某一句的角度来看，干扰项都可以和空前或空后的文字形成某种搭配，从而形成一定的干扰或起到迷惑作用。 选项使用词汇没有重复，尽可能增加考查内容的覆盖面。4. 考查特点近几年的完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过语境来作出选择。语境能力型试题具有一定难
5、度，因为所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。5. 难处暗示特点完形填空的短文有时因为行文的需要，出现了对考生来说较难理解的背景，或者有时是命题者为了有意识地控制完形填空的难度等原因，往往会在短文的适当之处安排暗示。但这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的某些空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要继续往后看，就会发现此空在文章后面的某个地方有暗示。完形填空题解题技巧一、解题步骤 1. 通读全文，了解大意。 通读全文时，要跳过空格快速阅读，弄清文章的基本含义。可以先快速阅读全文，这样我们对文章的整体结构
6、和中心思想有个基本的了解。有利于进一步把握全文所讲内容、篇章结构及时态语态的变化，为后面的答题创造条件。 2. 重视首句的开篇启示作用。 完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的首句通常可以点明短文的性质，如叙事、议论等，这是我们探索短文全貌的窗口。可以以首句的时态、语态为立足点进行思考，判断文章的体裁，推测全文的大意及主题。所以应该重视首句的启示作用。 3. 抓住关键词，根据上下文解题。 解题时，要遵循忠于全文大意和主题这一原则，联系上下文展开逻辑推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词，了解所提问题的特定语境，语篇中的内在关系。 在解题过程中，应遵循先易后难的原则，遇到个别难题
7、不易判断时，可先跳过去，先去解决那些靠上下文能确定的、比较直接明确的问题。随着下文的展开和文章的深入，或许在前面难以判断的题，下文就有暗示，甚至有明确的暗示。因此，在选择答案时，应特别注意联系前后句，充分利用上下文为确定答案提供的有用信息。 4. 重读全文，验证答案。 在全部空格补全以后，一定要根据填好的答案重读全文，看文章是否流畅，前后是否矛盾，语法结构是否无误。如果发现哪些地方读起来不流畅，这就说明那里有毛病，就要进行仔细推敲、订正。二、技巧点拨 1. 充分利用首句作为解题的突破口。 完形填空的首句往往是完整的、不设空的。而首句又常常是全文的中心句，因此，应充分重视完形填空的首句，通过它大
8、致把握全文的大意和作者的意图，利用它作为解题的突破口。依据首句的提示，捕捉文中关键信息，通览全文，了解文章的题材、体裁、结构、背景、内容大意、前因后果、情节发展、论点论据等基本信息。同时，可以对有些空格要填的词做试探性猜测，为下一步选择最佳选项做好准备。 2. 根据上下文的逻辑意义确定答案。 文章是一个具有内在联系的整体，而上下文则是营造语境的基础，也是逻辑推理的依据。通读全文，理顺大意，根据上下文找出信息词，是做好完形填空的技巧之一。完形填空的命题设计正朝着深层化和语境化方向发展，逐渐淡化单纯的语言分析考查，而越来越侧重对逻辑推理判断的考查。词语在特定语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法从字面或个
9、或几个句子的表面理解传达出来，这就大大增加了干扰项的迷惑性，从而提高了试题难度。因此，要想解决这类题目，只有借助上下文乃至全文语境的提示。 3. 从词汇的意义和用法方面考虑。 做好完形填空必须具备较大词汇量，并结合上下文确定词义。完形填空在命题过程中，淡化基础句型结构，语法规则和短语搭配，侧重词汇的活用。应该加强对词汇合乎情景需求的判断的训练，加深对基本词汇的感受能力和应用能力，提高完形填空题的解题技能。4. 积累习惯用法和固定搭配。 完形填空题中考查习惯搭配和固定用法的题目也占有一定比重，这就需要平时记忆和积累，做到脱口而出。这类题属于较容易的，一般在初选时就能确定。 5. 依据作者的态度和
10、观点。 作者写一篇文章必有他的意图和目的，作者在表达情感时总是选择特定的词汇，因此文章字里行间不可避免地渗透了作者的情感。做完形填空时，应该留心捕捉作者的情感信息。 6. 注意分析句子结构。 通过句法、语法，能把复杂的句子变得简单，使得意义清晰，信息透明。 7. 依据生活经验和常识。有些空涉及到我们应该具备的常识，是否合乎情理是我们选择的依据。记叙文类完形填空解题技巧一、解题步骤1. 跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。2. 结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案。3. 瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破。4. 复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。二、解题方法1. 词语搭配法：根据词语的习惯搭配来确定正确答案。2. 语法
11、判断法：通过语法分析来选择正确答案。若选项是名词，应根据上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等；若选项是动词，应考虑其时态、语态、搭配及非谓语形式等。3. 语境分析法：根据上下文的具体语境，利用所学知识和平时积累的生活常识等，选出最符合情景的选项。4. 对比排除法：有时对于一些难选的空，可以试着将各个选项逐一代入空处，然后进行综合比较，从而选出最恰当的答案。三、满分技巧1. 了解记叙文的六要素。记叙文，无论是记人还是叙事，都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件、经过和结果，即记叙文的六要素。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。2. 明确作者的写作目的。就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的，
12、作者往往通过叙述阐明一个道理。作者总是为了某个目的，在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的，就能抓住文章的主题。3. 读懂作者的观点或态度。解题时要认真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。为了增加试题难度，命题人往往采用变化的形式，考生只有在语境的指导下，对文章进行准确地逻辑推断，才能推测出文字之下的深层信息。4. 弄清作者叙述的视角。弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个：第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从参与者的角度进行记叙，读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和感情。用第三人称就是以观察者的身份展开叙述，作者的语气客观，与读
13、者保持一定距离，读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者的思维，深入理解文章的意义，把握好语境。（一）It was a cold morning，and Eduardo Ortega received a large envelopeIn it was his dreamBut he was too nervous to（1）_itHe put the envelope into his （2）_and caught the school busEduardo arrived at （3）_，walked past his classmates and sat
14、down in the school libraryHe took a deep breath，（4）_the envelope out of his pocket and carefully opened itAs he read the words，"Congratulations（5）_have been accepted，"he was already in tearsHe remembered the long hours working in the fields，picking strawberries and beansDuring those years，
15、Eduardo was much more than a child （6）_After work every day，his tired friends drank coffee or sleptEduardo went to the evening schoolHe studied，read，and wrote poems and short storiesAlthough he （7）_some classes，he became the best studentWhen he was thirteen，Eduardo （8）_one of his dreamsto fly on an
16、airplane for the first timeHe wrote a poem that won a prizea trip to San Francisco（9）_he flew，he promised himself to become a pilotHe loved to（10）_Even though Eduardo worked to help his family，his father（11）_encouraged him to go to schoolSo，while he worked，he also studiedMany days，he thought it was（
17、12）_，too tired to read his booksBut his father just smiled and told him he could（13）_itSo，now，Eduardo knew his dream of becoming a pilot was not （14）_He knew that it was his father's （15）_，tooHe would soon become a pilot，flying every day to all the exciting areas in the world1AopenBknowCanswerDw
18、rite2AcarBmailboxCdeskDpocket3AhomeBschoolCthe airportDthe post office4AdrewBplacedCreachedDmade5AIBweCyouDthey6AworkerBwriterCwaiterDpilot7AwatchedBmissedCtookDleft8AwantedBfoundCrealizedDthought9ABecauseBAsCAfterDBefore10AflyBdreamCstudyDwork11AalsoBstillCsometimesDalways12AcarelessBhopelessCunint
19、erestingDunimportant13AtakeBstopCmakeDwork14AplannedBneededCdoneDlost15AjobBwayCdreamDadvice（二）Sitting on the side of the highway and waiting to catch speeding(超速的) drivers, a police officer saw a car driving very slowly.He thought to himself, "This driver is just as _1_as a speeder!” So he tur
20、ned on his lights quickly and pulled the driver over (靠边停车).Getting closer to the car, he noticed that there _2_five old ladies, two in the front seat and three in the back, wide eyed and pale faced.The driver _3_knew nothing about what happened said to him, “Officer, I don't understand. I was d
21、oing exactly the speed limit! _4_seems to be the problem?" "Ma'am," the officer replied, "you werent speeding, but you _5_know that driving slower than the speed limit is not good, because it can also be a danger to _6_drivers. The same as a speeder.” “No, sir. I was doing th
22、e speed limit-exactly twenty-two kilometers _7_hour!” The old woman said in a proud voice. The officer, almost unable _8_his chuckle (窃笑), explained to her that ''22" was the highway number, not the speed limit. A bit embarrassed, the woman smiled widely and thanked the officer for poin
23、ting out her misunderstanding."But _9_I let you go, ma'am, I have to ask. Is everyone in this car OK? These women seem to be shaking badly and they havent made a single sound this whole time," the officer asked. "Oh, they'll be all right in a minute. We just _10_ off Route 119
24、.1. A. dangerB. dangerousC. more dangerousD. the most dangerous2. A. isB. areC. wasD. were3. A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /4. A. WhereB. WhichC. HowD. What5. A. canB. willC. mightD. have to6. A. anotherB. othersC. the otherD. other7. A. aB. anC. theD. /8. A. controlB. controllingC. to controlD. to contro
25、lling9. A. beforeB. afterC. althoughD. if10. A. getB. are gettingC. will getD. got（三）In a cold winter, a couple had to move out of their big house because of bankruptcy(破产). The husband worked day and night but with little care of his wife, _11_she thought, “He doesn't love me any more. He just
26、thinks about his _12_."One day, she wanted to take a _13_, but her husband stopped her at the door, "Let me take it first, OK?" "Why not let me first?" she asked. "I was tired. You take it later, OK?" She was very _14_.On a rainy day, she found nothing to do and _1
27、5_his computer. After a few minutes, her eyes were full of tears.it was his diary:Today, I was quite sad. She asked me _16_I was always taking a shower first, and I said I was tired. She was unhappy. I wasn't as _17_as before! We moved to the small house and it was very cold. I _18_that if one p
28、erson took a shower first, the room could get a little warmer. So I always _19_into the bathroom first. When she took a shower, the temperature in the bathroom could get a little higher. I can't give her more, but _20_, I can give her 1 °C love.11. A. soB. becauseC. unlessD. if12. A. friend
29、sB. familyC. healthD. work13. A. showerB. walkC. lookD. rest14. A. happyB. gladC. nervousD. sad15. A. turned upB. turned onC. turned downD. turned off16. A. whatB. whyC. whenD. how17. A. excitedB. satisfiedC. poorD. rich18. A. askedB. explainedC. saidD. found19. A. changedB. rushedC. putD. made20. A
30、. at mostB. at firstC. at leastD. at last（四）A young couple decided to go camping in the mountains to celebrate their first year of marriage. They _43_ with them all the things they would need to go campingwarm clothes food and a tent.They went up to the mountains and found the perfect place to_44_ t
31、heir tent. After that, they built a fire and cooked dinner. Finally, it was time to go to sleep._45_ in the middle of the night, the wife woke her husband up and said: “Look up at the sky. What do you see?”Her husband answered, “I see millions of stars.”His wife said: “Thats right. What does that me
32、an to you?”The husband said: “Well, if there are so many stars out there, that means there _46_be a planet just like ours. And if thats true, then there could be life on one of those planets. Thats kind of exciting.”His wife said: “You are wrong. It means that someone has stolen our _47_!”43. A. too
33、kB. brought C. carried44. A. give upB. put upC. hand up45 A. SometimesB. SometimeC. Some times46. A. mightB. mustC. should47. A. clothesB. foodC. tent（五）When I was a little child, I often felt upset. I was really _48_ other kids. I couldnt change no matter what I did.In fact, there is something wron
34、g with my _49_. I cant see things around me clearly. When my classmates play games happily outside. I have to stay in my empty house and look out of the window_50_.For a long tune, I felt hopeless. _51_ my mother always said, “You are the precious (珍贵的) baby in our family,” it didnt work. I asked Go
35、d, “Why did you give me a pair of useless eyes when you gave me life?” Of course, there was no _52_.I turned to books for help. Books are my only friends. When I am sad and unhappy, they_53_; when I feel happy and excited, they share my feelings. They can take me to _54_ world, there I can see every
36、thing clearly and free my heart through joy.I began to write down my thoughts and keep them _55_ a secret. And nobody knew it, When I studied at a middle school, I had a good teacher. Who is the_56_ one in the world. He read all of my poems and said, “Well done!” He always praised me in class. He ke
37、pt helping me. Now I am full of energy and confidence(自信). I can do things like other kids. So please believe in _57_. Everyone is unique (独一无二的)48. A. similar toB. different fromC. hard on49. A. eyesB. earsC. legs50. A. lonelyB. happilyC. alone51 A. SinceB. BecauseC. Although52. A. repeatB. replyC.
38、 report53. A. cheer me upB. put me upC. call me up54. A. otherB. the otherC. another55. A. toB. asC. for56. A. understandingB. more understandingC. most understanding57. A. yourselfB. othersC. teachers（六）Lyles Second GoIn 1982，when I was coaching the Raiders， the owner of the team talked with me abo
39、ut a possible trade for Lyle Alzado. After watching him on tape，I didnt think he was that good, but the owner felt we could make Lyle better by creating the right environment lor him. We made the _13_.That summer at training camp，Lyle was having a hard time. He had that look in his eyes that many yo
40、ung players and some old players get when things arent going _14_. One morning Lyle came into my office and he looked like he hadnt slept. Here was a huge man, with his head about as _15_as it could go. We talked, or rather, I listened. The main point was that Lyle felt his career (职业生涯）was over and
41、 it would be best for him and for the team if he retired (退役）.He apologized for_16_ us since we had just traded for him.Lyle was always an emotional person. This is one of the reasons he was a good player. He_17_ all that emotional energy with him, ready to lire out at the snap of the ball (开球）.Now
42、he was in front of me， almost crying. I thought for a moment， realizing we had to keep that _18_going. Then I went through my reasons why he should not retire. At the end of our talk， I said，“You go out and play your very best, and let us_19_if you still have it. Personally， I think you do.”In Janua
43、ry 1984. Tampa Bay Stadium. Super Bowl XVIII. With less than two minutes remaining, we were leading 38-9. We were the world champions of professional football. I saw Lyle，crying like a baby. I had to turn away quickly，or I would have joined him in _20_.I remembered that morning in my office， and wha
44、t Lyle， and what the Raiders， had achieved since he came to us. If Lyle hadnt given his career another shot, he wouldnt have had this victory. Maybe the Raiders wouldnt have had this victory. During that moment， I felt one of the greatest satisfactions of my coaching career.13. A. dealB. planC. argu
45、mentD. mistake14. A. awayB. overC. wellD. fast15. A. lowB. coolC. clearD. heavy16. A. pushingB. refusingC. cheatingD. disappointing17. A. facedB. carriedC. receivedD. imagined18. A. ballB. fireC. timeD. talk19. A. guessB. wonderC. decideD. predict20. A. cheersB. painC. peaceD. tears（一）【2020 贵州省安顺市中考
46、】Wang Weis parents were waiting for him when he got home. His dad handed him a letter. It was from the university. His hands were shaking as he took the letterhis _26_ was inside.Ever since Wang Wei was little, he wanted to be an _27_. He often took his toys apart and put them back together. One day, his mom was _28_ to see that Wang Wei had taken apart the television! His dad told her to have faith(信心) in Wang Wei, and sure enough he put the television back together _29_.Wang Weis teachers all noticed his talent. They told his _30_ Wa