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1、18晨读暮省-备战2022年中考英语考纲核心词汇50天通关之拓展读练测（一）词汇晨读入心1. safeadj.安全的；n.保险柜关联词组：safe and sound安然无恙；safe distance安全距离用法：表示“安全的，没有危险的”，指自身处于一种无危险的状态；只作表语，不用在名词前；safe from sb./sth.意思是“没有的危险”。例如：The birds nests are high up, safe from other animals.鸟巢筑在高处，安全地避开了其它动物。表示“安全的，不会造成危险的”，指对外不构成危险；常用于it is safe (for sb.)
2、to do sth.结构中。例如：Is it safe to swim here? 这里游泳安全吗？熟词僻义：safe还可以作名词，表示“保险柜（箱）”词性转换：safely adv.安全地；safety n.安全反义词：dangerous adj.危险的（2019，山东卷，单项填空）17. In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _about 570 million children.A. with B. for C. towards2. salen.出售，销售关联词组：for sal
3、e代售，出售；on sale上市出售；贱卖，廉价出售 用法：表示“出售，销售”，表示销售某物的行为或过程。例如：I haven't made a sale all week. 整整一个星期我什么也没卖出去。常用复数形式sales表示“销售量”。例如：Sales of cars are up this year. 汽车销量今年增加了。关联单词：sell（过去式和过去分词均为sold） v.卖，售（2019，山东卷，单项填空）26. Cathy sold some of her things in a yard sale and _the money to a children's
4、 home.A. gave away B. gave up C. gave out3. samepron.同样的事；adj.同样的，同一的关联词组：all the same仍然；same to you彼此彼此用法：same作代词时，表示“同样（的事）”，常和定冠词the连用；the same as表示“（数量、颜色、尺寸等）相同，一样”。例如：Thanks for your help Ill do the same for you one day. 谢谢你的帮助总有一天我会报答你的。I'd like one the same as yours. 我要一个和你一样的。same作形容词，可
5、指同一个事物，也可指多个事物一模一样。通常和as连用。例如：They went to the same school. 他们上的是同一所学校。He gets the same pay as me but he gets his own office. 他和我拿同样的工资，但他有自己的办公室。反义词：different adj.不同的（2019，浙江卷，完形）We were in the same summer school and now she thinks we're best friends.4. savev.救，挽救；节省关联词组：save energy节约能源；save mo
6、ney省钱；save food节约粮食；save ones life挽救某人生命用法：表示“拯救，挽救”；save sb./sth. from sth.从中把某人救出。例如：He saved the child from fire. 他把那个小孩从火里救了出来。表示“节约，节省”，与浪费相对。例如：Well save a lot of time if we go by car. 我们要是开车去，可以节省很多时间。反义词：waste v.浪费（2019，浙江卷，完形） The stage manager knew he had to do something quickly to_8_ the
7、embarrassing situation.8. A. createB. saveC. continueD. explain5. sayv.说，讲词形变化：过去式said，过去分词said关联词组：that is to say就是，即；hard to say很难说；say hello/goodbye/thank you说你好/再见/谢谢 用法：表示“说”，指用言语表达；多用作及物动词，后面接说的内容；say后面可接从句；say sth. to sb.对某人说某事。例如：“Im so tired,” she said. “我太累了。”她说。Did she say what happened?
8、她有没有说发生了什么事？What did you say to her? 你对她说了什么？表示“表达（信息），说明”，指用文字、数字、图画等表达信息。例如：He received a letter saying that the party had been cancelled. 他收到一封信，说聚会取消了。几个“说”的区别：say是及物动词，侧重说的内容，即具体说了什么话，直接引语用say引出。speak表示“讲话、发言”，后面跟人做宾语时要加to；speak作及物动词时后面常跟各种语言。例如：May I speak to John, please? 我能和约翰讲话吗？/请找约翰接电话好吗？
9、Can you speak French?你会说法语吗？talk表示“谈话、闲谈”，是不及物动词，talk to/with sb.；talk about sth.。例如：Who is talking to your mom? 谁在和你妈妈聊天？What are they talking about? 它们在聊啥？tell表示“讲述、告诉”，是及物动词，后面可以单独接人或者事物，也可以接双宾语，即tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某事；也可以tell sb.+从句/介词短语等。例如：To tell you the truth, I don't like
10、horror movies. 说实话，我们不喜欢恐怖片。Tell me if you need any help. 需要帮忙说一声。（2019，山东卷，单项填空）30. Are babies carefree (无忧无虑)? Anew study from the US says that 2-year-old babies care about _.A. how other saw them B. how do others see them C. how others see them6. sciencen.科学，自然科学关联词组：natural science自然科学；modern sc
11、ience现代科学；science park科学公园 用法：表示“科学学科”：science class/teacher科学课/老师表示“（自然）科学”，是不可数名词。例如：the laws of science科学定律词性转换：scientific adj.科学的；scientifically adv.合乎科学地；scientist n.科学家（2019，山东卷，阅读B）Xiaodong says today's science textbooks fail to bring science to life. As a result, students seldom regard s
12、cience as part of their everyday lives.7. scoren.&v.得分；分数关联词组：total score总分数；final score最后得分；full score满分用法：作名词，表示考试的“分数、成绩”；游戏或比赛的“得分、比分”，常和介词of连用。例如：a score of 3-2 3比2的比分作动词，表示“得分”或“给打分/评分”；常用于score a goal短语中。例如：He has scored 12 goals so far this season. 这个赛季到目前为止他进了12个球。（2019，河北卷，阅读D）57. The
13、word “mountains” in the third paragraph refers to(指代) “something to _ ”.A. explain the use of electricity B. lower the students scoresC. stop the social development D. change the law of the country8. searchn.&v.搜寻，搜查用法：search作动词，指“寻找，搜寻”，或特指用计算机“搜索，检索”，相当于look for。可用search for sb./sth.或者search s
14、th. for sb./sth.的结构。例如：She searched her desk for the textbook. 她在她的书桌里搜寻课本。search作名词，通常也和介词for搭配；in search of表示“寻找某物”。例如：She went into the kitchen in search of a drink. 她进了厨房，想找点喝的。（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）8. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters aroun
15、d the world since it 18 years ago.A. set up B.is set up C. was set up D. will be set up9. secretn.秘密；秘诀；adj.秘密的关联词组：keep the secret保守秘密；business secret商业机密；the secret of success成功的秘诀；secret information/meetings/talks 秘密信息/会议/会谈用法：secret作名词，可表示“秘密”，也可用the secret (of sth.)表示“秘诀，诀窍”；in secret相当于in priv
16、ate，表示“秘密地，暗地里”。例如：The meeting was held in secret. 会议是秘密召开的。secret作形容词，表示“秘密的，保密的”，其后常接from sb.表示“瞒着某人”。例如：He tried to keep it secret from his family. 这件事他试图瞒着家里。词性转换：secretly adv.秘密地；背地里；secretary n.秘书；书记（2019，浙江卷，词汇运用）36. The two little girls often stay together to_ (分享) their secrets.10. seev.看见，
17、看到；领会词形变化：过去式saw，过去分词seen，现在分词seeing用法：see主要表示“看见，看到，看出”，不用于进行时，其后可接一般宾语成分或that/wh-从句；see sb. doing sth.看见某人正做某事（强调正在发生）；see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事（强调目睹了整个过程）。例如：He could see (that) she had been crying. 他看得出她哭过。I saw her running out of the house. 我看见她正从屋里跑出来。I saw her put a box in her backpack.我看见她把一个盒
18、子放进了背包。see表示其它跟“看”相关的含义，如“观看（比赛、电视、演出等）”：see a movie；“拜访，看望”：see my grandparents；“会见，会晤”：see a doctor等等。see还可表示“理解，明白，领会”，可作不及物动词，也可接一般宾语或that/wh-从句。例如：“It opens like this.” “Oh, I see.” “这样就打开了。”“哦，我明白了。”Can't you see (that) he's taking advantage of you? 他在利用你，难道你看不出来？see和look的区别：词义上：look常表
19、示主动地、有意识地“看”，侧重看的行为；see常指看的客观结果，即“看见”：She looked for him but couldn't see him in the crowd. 她在人群里找来找去，但没看见他。是否及物：look通常为不及物动词，若需接宾语，须用接介词at/for/after等；see两者皆可。例如：It was so dark I could hardly see (anything).太黑了，我几乎看不见（任何东西）。时态上：look可用于进行时态，而see作为感官动词表示“看见”时，一般不用于进行时态（例外：see表示“看望”、“会见”等含义时，也可用进行时
20、）。例如：He is looking for his wallet. 他在找钱包。He is seeing an old friend.他在见一位老朋友。（不表示“看见”，而是“会见”）（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）5. Seeing the new changes in her hometown, Nanjing, Sandy could believe her eyes. A. properlyB. highlyC. nearlyD. hardly11. seemv.似乎，好像用法：seem+形容词，或seem+有形容词修饰的名词：She seemed happy. 她似乎很开心。He s
21、eems a nice man. 他好像人不错。seem like+名词，或seem like+有形容词修饰的名词：They seem like sisters.她们看起来就像姊妹般。He seems like a nice man. 他看上去像是个好人。其它常见结构：seem to do sth.似乎做某事；seems as if似乎；it seems (to sb.) (that)（对来说）好像：His story seems to be true. 他的故事好像是真的。It seemed as if he wanted us to leave他好像是要我们走。It seems to me
22、 you dont have much choice. 我觉得你没有多少选择的余地。词性转换：seemingly adv.看来似乎；表面上看来同义词：look/appear v.似乎，看来，好像（2019，江苏卷，词汇检测）41. He seems to have a _（第六）sense for knowing that his brother will win.12. sendv.送，邮寄；打发，派遣词形变化：过去式sent，过去分词sent关联词组：send mail发邮件；send a message/letter发信息/寄信；send out发送；派遣；send back送回用法：表
23、示“送出，发出，寄出”，指邮政快递；send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.给某人奇（送）某物。例如：We sent Mom flowers (= sent flowers to Mom) for Mothers Day. 我们在母亲节给妈妈送去了一些花。表示“发出，发送”，指收音机或计算机的信息、电子信号等。例如：Radio signals were sent into deep space. 无线电信号被发送到深邃的太空。还可表示“派遣，打发”，常用于send sb. to sth.短语。例如：send sb. to prison/boarding school 把某人
24、关进监狱；把某人送去寄宿学校（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves.13. sensen.感觉；意识关联词组：sense of direction方向感；sixth sense第六感，直觉；sense of humor幽默（感）；common sense常识；make sense有意义，讲得通用法：表示“感觉官能”，即视、听、嗅、味、触五觉。其后常接of。例如：Dogs have a strong sense of smell. 狗的嗅觉很灵敏。表示“感觉，意识”，相
25、当于feeling，也可接介词of。例如：He felt an extreme sense of loss. 他感到及其失落。表示“意义，含义”，相当于meaning；in a sense从某种意义上说。例如：In a sense it doesn't matter any more. 从某种意义上说，这事已无关紧要了。词性转换：sensible adj.明智的；sensibility n.情感；敏感性（2019，江苏卷，词汇检测）41. He seems to have a _（第六）sense for knowing that his brother will win.14. se
26、paratev.使分开，使分离；adj.单独的，分开的动词用法：表示“把隔开，使分离”，常用于separate A from/and B。例如：A river separates the small village from the big city.一条河把小村庄和大城市隔开了。表示“（把）分成不同部分”，常用于separate sth. into sth.。例如：The teacher separated the students into 4 different groups.老师把学生分成四个不同的小组。形容词用法：表示“独立的，分开的”，其后常接from。例如：Keep the fi
27、sh separate from the other food. 把鱼和其他食品分开存放。词性转换：separately adv.单独地；separation n.分离，开开；separated adj.分开的，不在一起的近义词：divide v.划分：各个部分可以相同；separate则强调各个部分不同。（2019，江苏卷，词汇检测）38. Everyone should_（行动）now to separate rubbish into different groups.15. seriousadj.严重的；严肃的，认真的用法：表示“严重的”，指情况、问题、事故等。例如：The presid
28、ent was in serious trouble. 总统遇到大麻烦了。表示“严肃的，认真的”，指不开玩笑或不是假装的。其后常接about。例如：Is she serious about giving up her job? 她要辞职是认真的吗？词性转换：seriously adv.认真地，严肃的；seriousness n.严重性；严肃，认真（2019，江苏卷，词汇检测）47. - I hear your grandpa has got an eye problem. Is it serious?- Yes. He can't see anything now. He has go
29、ne _.16. servev.端上（饭菜）；招待（顾客），服务关联词组：serve as充当，起的作用；serve the people为人民服务用法：表示“提供，端上（饭菜），伺候（某人进餐），后面接食物饮料或某一餐：Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐供应到上午9点。表示“为（顾客）服务，接待”，一般指商店等。例如：There was only one girl serving customers. 只有一个女孩在接待顾客。词性转换：service n.服务；servant n.仆人，佣人（2019，山东卷，完形）After dinner, tea an
30、d fruit are usually served.17. setv.放置；安置；布置（背景，布景）；n.套，组，副；装备，设备词形变化：过去式set，过去分词set动词词组：set up建立，树立；装配；set out出发；开始；陈列；set forth陈述，提出；出发；set off引爆；引起；出发，动身名词词组：a set of一套，一组，一副；complete/full set整套，全套；TV set电视机动词用法：表示“放置，放下”，相当于put/lay；set sth. down/aside把放下/放在一边。例如：The work set the box down careful
31、ly on the floor. 工人把箱子小心地放到地上。表示“确立，制定，确定”，例如set an example树立榜样；set a date/time (for sth.)（为）确定日期或时间。例如：The government has still not set a date for the celebration. 政府仍未确定庆典的日期。表示“设置，调整”，如机器、钟表等。例如：Did you set the alarm? 你把闹钟设定好了吗？名词用法：作为计量单位，用a set of表示“一套，一副，一组”等：a set of tools一套工具表示“装置，设备”，尤其是电视机
32、、收音机等电器装置。例如：Children spend so much time in front of the television set.孩子们在电视机前花的时间太多了。（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）8. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago.A. set upB.is set upC. was set upD. will be set up18. shake
33、v.（使）摇动，震动 词形变化：过去式shook，过去分词shaken关联词组：shake hands with与握手；shake ones head摇头用法：表示“摇动，（使颤动）”，指上下或左右地移动，后常接out of/off/from sth.。例如：She shook the sand out of her shoes. 她把鞋里的沙子抖掉。表示“（身体）发抖，颤抖”。例如：The little boys hand was shaking. 这小男孩的手在发抖。词性转换：shaky adj.摇晃的；不坚定的（2019年，湖北卷，阅读A）For the cable car may sh
34、ake during the ride, please hold the handrail（扶手）firmly.19. shamen.遗憾的事；羞愧 关联词组：shame on you你太无耻用法：表示“羞愧，羞耻”，是不可数名词：Hes brought shame on the whole family. 他使全家蒙羞。用its a shame/what a shame结构表示“真遗憾，多可惜啊”。也可以说its a shame to do sth.。例如：“Shes failed her test again.” “What a shame!” “她又没通过测验。”“真遗憾！”Its a
35、shame to cover this beautiful table with a tablecloth. 把这么漂亮的桌子用桌布盖起来真是可惜。词性转换：shameful(ly) adj.可耻的；shameless(ly) adj.无耻的（2019年，湖北卷，单项选择）35.Time past cannot be called back again.Yes. Wasting time is a_.A. pressure B. fairness C. choice D. shame20. shapen.形状，外形；v.使成型，塑造关联词组：take shape成形；体现；in the sha
36、pe of以的形式；呈的形状；out of shape走样；in good shape处于很好的状态；body shape体型；round shape圆形 名词用法：表示“形状，外形”，指圆形、正方形等。例如：The plants grow in every shape and size. 这些植物有各种形状，各种大小。表示“状况，情况”，指健康，状态等。keep/stay in shape保持健康/状态。例如：Shes bought an exercise bike to keep in shape. 她买了辆健身单车来锻炼身体。动词用法：表示本意，“使成形”，shape sth. into
37、 sth.使成为形状。例如：Shape the dough into small balls. 把面团搓成小圆球。引申义，“行成（某种信仰，看法），影响（事物的发展等）。例如：His ideas were shaped by his experiences during the war. 他的思想深受战时经历的影响。词性转换：shapeless adj.不成形的，不定形的近义词：form n.形式（2019年，浙江卷，阅读B）Jump into the air and spread your arms and legs into a star shape.21. sharev.分享；共同使用；
38、n.一份；股份动词用法：表示“公用，合用”，可及物可不及物；常用于share sth. with sb.结构。例如：I share the office with some other teachers. 我和其他老师合用办公室。表示“分享”，也可用于share sth. with sb.结构。例如：Will you share your fries with me? 你肯让我也吃点你的炸薯条吗？表示“分配”，相当于divide；share sth. between/among sb.在某人之间分配某物。例如：They shared the cake between them. 他们把蛋糕分了
39、。名词用法：表示“（在若干人之间分得的或应得的）一份”，其后常接介词of/in。例如：Next year we hope to have a bigger share of the market. 明年我们希望获得更大的市场份额。熟词僻义：share作名词还可表示“股份，股份”，例如：These people always wanted to buy shares in new companies. 这些人总想购买新企业的股票。（2019年，浙江卷，阅读C）Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of
40、 weak radio sources, and they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974.22. shinev.发光，照耀；出众；词形变化：过去式shone，过去分词shone用法：shine通常作不及物动词，主要表示以下含义：本义与光有关，表示“发光，照耀；闪光，发亮”，比喻意义是“（眼睛或脸上）放光”。例如：The moon shone brightly in the sky. 皓月当空。Her eyes were shining with excitement. 她兴奋得两眼放光。引申义表示“出众，出色，表现突出”，例如：He is
41、 the kind of student that always shines at school. 他是那种在学校出类拔萃的学生。词性转换：shiny adj.有光泽的；擦亮的；闪耀的（2019年，湖北卷，选择填空）30. The sun shines . Wed better wear our sunglasses to avoid getting sunburned.A. softlyB. hardlyC. fastD. brightly（二）暮省练习巩固一. 写出这些单词的汉语意义。1. sang _ 2. scientist _ 3. season _4. seem _ 5. see
42、n _ 6. send _7. several _ 8. shape_ 9. shout _10. silence _ 11. simple _ 12. since _13. slow _ 14. smoke _ 15. snake _16. sound _ 17. space _ 18. special _19. spring _ 20. stamp _ 21. start _22. store _ 23. strange _ 24. such _25. suggest _ 26. suppose _ 27. surprise _参考答案：一. 1. 动词sing的过去式；2. 科学家；3. 季节；4. 看上去；5. 动词see的过去分词；6. 派遣；送；7. 几个；若干；8. 外形；形状；9. 呼喊；大叫；10. 寂静；沉默；11. 简单的；简易的；12. 自从；自以来；13. 慢的；缓慢的；14. 抽烟；吸烟；15. 蛇；16. 声音；17. 太空；空间；18. 特别的；特殊的；19. 春天；20. 邮票；21. 开始；开端；22. 商店；储存；23. 奇怪的；陌生的；24. 这样的；这种；25. 建议；26. 假定；认为；期望；27. 使惊奇；使意外