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1、关于英语单词词性和句子成分分析现在学习的是第1页，共45页词类词类作用作用例例 词词1.(n.)名名词词表示人或事表示人或事物的名称。物的名称。I bought a book.She is a student.2.(pron.)代代词词代替名代替名词词、数数词词等。等。This is my friend.He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him.PartsofSpeech3.(art.)冠冠词词用来限制名用来限制名词词的意的意义义I have a pet dog.The dog is very lovely.He is an old
2、man but very strong.现在学习的是第2页，共45页4.(adj.)形容形容词词表示人表示人或事物或事物的特征的特征或性状。或性状。He is small but he is clever.The red pen is useful for the teacher.He painted the wall white yesterday.5.(num.)数数词词表示数表示数目或目或顺顺序。序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.6.(v.)动词动词表示表示动动作或状作或状态态。We are
3、 working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.现在学习的是第3页，共45页7.(adv.)副副 词词表示表示动动作作的特征或的特征或性状特征。性状特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindly.The train goes fast.He seldom comes to see us.8.(prep.)介介 词词表示名表示名词词、代代词词和其和其他他词词之之间间的关系。的关系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.现在学习的是第4页，共
4、45页9.(conj.)连连词词连连接接词词与与词词或句与或句与句的作用。句的作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends.Two or three of us can dance well but I cant.10.(interj.)感感叹词叹词表示表示强强烈烈的感情的感情Oh!How beautiful the scene is!What a good idea!Goodness!现在学习的是第5页，共45页动动词词的的分分类类连系动词连系动词实意动词实意动词助动词助动词情态动词情态动词及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物
5、动词动词是英语句子的核心！动词是英语句子的核心！现在学习的是第6页，共45页MembersofaSentence现在学习的是第7页，共45页一、主语一、主语主语（主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。主句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于语一般位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首现在学习的是第8页，共45页1.We love China.2.We have
6、 finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.二、谓语二、谓语谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由_ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态情态动词和助动词动词和助动词.动词动词现在学习的是第9页，共45页情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over
7、there.现在学习的是第10页，共45页1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词一词He is a teacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有主要有keep,remain,stayHe always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。系动词系动词现在学习的是第11页，共45页3）表像系动词，用来表示）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像看起来像这一概念，主要有这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：H
8、e looks tired.He seems(to be)very sad.4）感官系动词，主要有）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThis flower smells very sweet.现在学习的是第12页，共45页5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHe became mad after that.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn outThe rumor proved fal
9、se.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。他的计划终于成功了。现在学习的是第13页，共45页三、宾语三、宾语宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.
10、及物动词及物动词介词介词现在学习的是第14页，共45页表语表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说用来说明主语的身份明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.四、表语四、表语现在学习的是第15页，共45页定语：用来修饰定语：用来修饰_.This is a red car.The building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in
11、 front of the gate is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词名词现在学习的是第16页，共45页状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。步、方向、程度、目的等。六、状语六、状语现在学习的是第17页，共45页John often came to chat with me()As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.()She is sit
12、ting at the desk,doing her homework.()My father worked in this school ten years ago.()Though he is young,he knows a lot.()He came running.()程度，目的程度，目的地点，伴随地点，伴随地点，时间地点，时间让步让步方式方式原因原因现在学习的是第18页，共45页补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。征。七、补语七、补语Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补
13、）（主补）现在学习的是第19页，共45页同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明名词词组，对前者进行补充说明The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位语八、同位语现在学习的是第20页，共45页时态时态主动语态主动语态一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时
14、现在完成进行时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时将来完成时willdowoulddodo/doesdidis/am/aredoingwas/weredoinghas/havedonehaddonehas/havebeendoinghadbeendoingwillhavedone现在学习的是第21页，共45页时态时态被动语态被动语态一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时将来完成时willbedonewoul
15、dbedoneis/am/aredonewas/weredoneis/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehas/havebeendonehadbeendonewillhavebeendone现在学习的是第22页，共45页一、主语一、主语 主语可以用下面这些形式表示：主语可以用下面这些形式表示：1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.When to hold
16、the meeting has not been decided yet.()8.What he needs is a book.（）9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语现在学习的是第23页，共45页 当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避
17、免头重脚轻，因此常用脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语作形式主语置于置于句首句首，而将，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语作形式主语？现在学习的是第24页，共45页 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下你懂得翻译下列句子吗？列句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误的。说谎
18、是错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。现在学习的是第25页，共45页二、宾语二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些形式表示：宾语可以用下面这些形式表示：1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She fel
19、t it her duty to take good care of them.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语现在学习的是第26页，共45页三、表语三、表语 表语可以用下面这些形式表示：表语可以用下面这些形式表示：1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.She was the first to arrive.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out o
20、f danger.()6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词现在学习的是第27页，共45页四、定语四、定语 定语可以用下面这些形式表示：定语可以用下面这些形式表示：1.Its a red car.()2.They live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.
21、We belong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()7.The man under the tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词现在学习的是第28页，共45页四、定语四、定语 定语可
22、以用下面这些形式表示：定语可以用下面这些形式表示：9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.()10.There are two things to be discussed today.()11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?()12.This is the very book that I need.()过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句现在学习的是第29页，共45页五、状语五、状语 状语可以用下面这些形式
23、表示状语可以用下面这些形式表示：1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned tired and hungry.()5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.()6.Although he is young,he knows a lot.()7.The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词，程度副词，程度介词短语
24、，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句现在学习的是第30页，共45页五、状语五、状语 状语可以用下面这些状语可以用下面这些形式形式形式形式表示：9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.()10.He was angry because we were late()11.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句现在
25、学习的是第31页，共45页六、宾语补足语：六、宾语补足语：六、宾语补足语：六、宾语补足语：1.1.I consider Jim I consider Jim a good friend.()2.2.I always find her I always find her happyhappy.().()3.People praised him as a heroas a hero.()4.I had the TV fixed.()5.I saw him entering the building.()the building.()6.What made you think think so?()
26、so?()7.7.Do you want me Do you want me to goto go?()?()形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式现在学习的是第32页，共45页英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句(simplesentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)现在学习的是第33页，共45页英语简单句的英语简单句的五五种种基基本本句句型型现在学习的是第34页，共45页英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一基本句型
27、一:(主谓主谓)基本句型二基本句型二:(主系表主系表)基本句型三基本句型三:(主谓宾主谓宾)基本句型四基本句型四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五基本句型五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)现在学习的是第35页，共45页基本句型一基本句型一主谓主谓（S+V）S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.现在学习的是第36页，共45页基本句型一基本句型一主谓主谓SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The penwrites smoothly.现
28、在学习的是第37页，共45页基本句型二基本句型二主系表主系表S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.现在学习的是第38页，共45页基本句型二基本句型二主系表主系表SVPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.His faceturnedred.现在学习的是第39页，共45页基本句型三基本句型三主谓宾主谓宾S+V+OWestudyEnglisheveryday.Theyareplayingfootball.Heenjoysreading.Shesaid“Goodmorning.”现在学习的是第40页，共45页基本
29、句型三基本句型三主谓宾主谓宾SVOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenjoyssaidEnglish everyday.football.reading.“Good morning.”现在学习的是第41页，共45页基本句型四基本句型四SV（及物）（及物）o（多指人多指人）O（多指物多指物）Igivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.现在学习的是第42页，共45页基本句型四基本句型四SV（及物）（及物）oOIgivehima book.My mother boughtmea pen yesterday.Ishowedhimmy picture.现在学习的是第43页，共45页基本句型五基本句型五S+V（及物）（及物）+O(宾语宾语)+C（宾补）（宾补）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.现在学习的是第44页，共45页感感谢谢大大家家观观看看现在学习的是第45页，共45页