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1、2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(26)介词的种类及用法知识点总结整理at1. at + 建筑物“at + 建筑物”表在某建筑物,如at the station(在车站),at the bank在银行,at the school(在学校)等例:I came across her at the station. (我在车站碰见了她) 注:如果强调在某建筑内,要用介词in例:My boyfriend works in this bank. (我的男朋友在这个银行工作)2. at + 人 表“朝向某人”常与yell,shout,laugh,point等动词连用。如
2、shout /laugh /yell at + 人(嘲笑某人/朝某人吼叫)例:He always shouts at his wife(他经常对他妻子咆哮)3. at + 部分名词表从事某项活动,此类词有work,rest,lunch,church,school等例:she is at lunch/work/church.(她在吃午餐/工作/做礼拜)注:大家要注意区分at school(在上学),at the school(在学校里),school加the表特定的建筑物(学校)或场所。4. at 与表度数/价格/年龄等与数词有关的名词连用at the price/cost of + 数词
3、160; 以的价格at the speed of + 数词 以的速度at the age of + 数词 在的岁数时例:I bought a book at the price of 100 dollars(我以100美金买了一本书)5. at 黎明、午、夜、时间点与分at dawn 在黎明时候at noon 在中午at nine fifty 在九点50分at midnight 在午夜we are going to meet at 9:50. (我们将在9点50分见面)by1. 表“在之旁”,相当于besideby the wind
4、ow 在窗边by the door 在门边例:I like sitting by the window when i take the train.(乘火车时我喜欢坐在窗边)2. 表“被”He was praised by the teacher. 他受到了老师的表扬。3. 表示方式、方法、手段等,译为“通过,用,凭借,按照”例:Don't judge a person by his or her looks(不要以貌取人)They can read by
5、 touch. (他们可以通过手摸来阅读)They sell eggs by the dozen.(他们按打卖鸡蛋)4. 表经过,经由/取道例:I drive by my house (我开车经过我家)例:We went Beijing by way of Shanghai(我们经由上海前往北京)此处by way of 可换成via5. 表明作者,图书/音乐/绘画等,由创作例:This book is written by Jack(这本书是杰克写的)6. by + 交通工具 表乘交通工具例:He came back by bus(他乘汽车回
6、来)7. by + 时间 表最迟不超过某时间例:Please come back by(no later than ) ten(请在10点之前回来)for1. 表前往(某地)leave A地 for B地 离开A地前往B地set out/set off/depart for + 地点head for 朝某地前进例:She set out for America last night.(他昨晚动身去了美国)例:The flight for Chicago due to depart at two fifty.(去芝加哥的航班
7、预计在2点50分起飞) 2. 表示理由或原因,译为“因为、由于”例:Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮助我学习英语3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,译为“为”例:Don't blame him, after all, he did it for you.(不要责备他,毕竟这件事是为你做的)4. for + 一段时间 表持续一段时间例:I have learned English for 10 years(我学了10年的英语了)5. 表支持,赞成例:Are you for his op
8、inion or against it(你赞成还是反对他的观点)6. 表以的价格I bought the book for 100 dollars.(买这本书花了100美元)from1. 表“从”from A to B 从A到Bgo from bad to worse 每况愈下例:Tt takes more than an hour to fly from Beijing to Shanghai.(从北京飞到上海要花一个多小时) 2. 表出处、来源例:This beer is imported from France.
9、这个啤酒是从法国进口的3. 表判断,由来看,根据来判断From her looks you would say she was about twenty.(从他的外貌来看你会说她大约20岁)4. 表距离、分离,译为“离”例:The house is five miles from the town. 这房子离市镇有5英里路5. 与表“禁止,阻止,限制”等动词连用ban/forbit/prohibit/restrain/restrict sb. from doing. 禁止某人做某事prevent/stop/keep sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from
10、doing. 保护某人免于例:He was prohibited from smoking in the lobby.(他被禁止在大厅里吸烟)例:The prince protected the Princess from being attacked by the bandit.(王子保护公主免受盗匪攻击)in1. 表在某范围或者空间内,如建筑物,公司,文件,公司等,译为“在以内”例:The kids are playing in the park. 孩子们在公园里玩The story happened in Sichuan Province. 故事发生在四川省内It
11、 is not in my power to do that. 做那事非我力所能及2. 表示方式,用语言, 按次序, 以形式等。例:They were speaking in Italian. 他们在讲意大利语。Please write the composition in black ink。请用黑色墨水写作文。He put the papers in the folders in alphabetiacal order.(他以字母顺序把文件放入档案夹中)3. 表示在某段时间以后,后面接表示一段时间的名词短语例: Well return in a few days. 我们几天后就
12、回来。= we'll return a few days later注:“in + 时间名词短语”也可表示在一段时间内,如:I think I can finish the work in two minutes. 我认为我能在两分钟内完成这项工作4. 表示穿/戴着例:He was dressed in a dark suit at the funeral. 葬礼上他穿者一套深色西服。例:Who is the laddy that is dressed in white. 那位白衣女子是谁?5. 用于描述具体的环境或所处的状态例1:Now they are sti
13、ll standing in the rain. 他们现在还在雨中站着呢。例2:They could see nothing in the darkness. 黑暗中他们什么也看不见。 例3:I bought the car ten years ago, yet it is still in good condition. 我这辆车是十年前买的,现在仍然很好。on1. 表接触在某物的表面,如on the table, on the roof等例:There are two cats on the roof.(屋顶上有两只猫)2. 与“日子”连用,on sunday
14、160; 在周日on October 1 在10月1日例:We're going to celebarate National day on October 1(我们将在10月1日欢庆国庆节)3. 与表“远行”的名词连用go on a trip 去旅行go on an expedition 去探险/远征go on an excursion 去远足例:He likes to go on a trip to Japan.(他喜欢去日本旅行)4. on表持续的动作或状态,译为&qu
15、ot;处于情况中,从事于."等.on duty 值日on holiday 度假 on call 随时待命on a mission 身负使命on a diet 在节食on the run 到处流窜例:He is on duty.(他在值班)She is on a diet.(她在减肥)The firefighters are on call for emergrncies.(消防队员随时为紧急情况待命)The soldiers were sent to the front on a mission.(士兵被派往前线作战)5. 与表“线状/线条”的名词连用live
16、on that street 住在那条街上walk on the beach 在海滩散步on the coast 在海岸on the brim/edge/verge of 在什么的边上例:I like to walk on the beach with my boyfriend.(我喜欢和男友在海滩散步)例:The village is located on the coast.(那个乡村坐落在海边)6. 与表“平地”或“大陆”的名词连用on campus 在校园on the mainland 在大陆on the farm/
17、ranch 在农场/牧场7. 与表有关“无线电器”的名词连用on the telephone 在打电话on television 在电视(屏幕)上on the radio 在广播中例:we heard the news on the radio this afternoon.(今天下午我们在广播中听到了这个消息),下次不要再用in了哦。8. 与表“约会”名词连用例:were you on a date with that girl last night.(你昨晚和那个女孩约会了吗)9. 表请客例:Everything is on me. 我请客10. 表“
18、按照,遵从”例:I'll act on your order.(我会按照你的命令行事)to1. 表潮方向、到达、往、的意思from south to north 从南到北turn to the left 转到左边go to school 上学例:What time are you going to the station?(你几点去车站?)2. 与人连用,译为“于”,“对于”It's very important to me. (这对我非常最重要)You should be kind to her.(你应该对她好)3. 表示对比、比较例:T
19、he score was 9 to 6.(比分是9比6)4. 与success,question和problem连用形成定用法the key to success 成功的关键the answer to the qustion 问题的答案the solution to the problem 问题的解决方法例:The key to success is diligence. (成功的关键是勤奋)5. 表“配合”音乐/曲调/节拍等dance to the music/melody. 随音乐/旋律起舞例:I like to dance to the music on the radio.(我喜欢跟着广播里的音乐起舞)6. 与情绪名词连用,形成“to ones 情绪名词”结构,译为“令某人的是”to one's surprise/joy/satisfaction/astonishment令某人惊讶/高兴/满意/震惊的是例:To my satisfaction, this new product sells well.(令我满意的是这个新产品卖的很好)