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1、解密02名词和主谓一致序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行此类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的复数形式，所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。高考关于主谓一致的考查主要集中在一下三个方面：语法一致意义一致就近原则对名词部分主要考查：名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配名词
2、的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）名词的所有格抽象名词的具体化名词和冠词的搭配【备考建议】1. 整体把握，注意语境从近年高考试题看，高考语法填空对名词的考查离不开具体的语境，在语境中考查名词的相关知识。做题时，既要全面、整体地看题干，还要注意分析句子成分，并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。通常，涉及名词考点的试题包括：（1）根据语境判断名词的单复数；（2）提示词是形容词、动词等此类，根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词；（3）名词的固定搭配；（4）名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识2. 确定考点，注意搭配语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识，解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点，试题是
3、考查名词的词类转换，还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格，还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等，确定了考点之后，再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。3. 多记单词，积累词缀高考对名词的考查注重基础，我们在平时的复习中要打好基础，掌握足够的考纲词汇，并熟知其常见搭配和用法，并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。4. 巧用就近原则当主语是由or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接的并列成分时以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-名词的数1可数名词的数（不规则变化） （1）单、复数同形。如：mea
4、ns, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep。（2） 合成名词的复数。如：boyfriendboyfriends, go-betweengo-betweens(中间人), grown-upgrown-ups, passer-bypassers-by, looker-onlookers-on, woman doctorwomen doctors。（3）只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示“衣服”、“工具”等的总称，不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词a/an，但可以用a pair of/two pairs of, many
5、等修饰。如：clothes, tights, jeans, pajamas, pants, shorts, socks, stockings, trousers, glasses, chopsticks, compasses, pincers, scissors, scales等；另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能用a/an，a pair of等修饰，只能用many, a great many, a lot of等修饰。如：belongings, congratulations, contents, earnings, fireworks, goods, leaving
6、s, pains, spirits, savings, stairs, surroundings, wages, arms等。（4）集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police；有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。2.不可数名词的数（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象
7、名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：a surprise一件令人惊讶的事；a success一个(件)成功的人(事)；an honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事)；a failure一个(件)失败的人(事)；an experience一次经历；a pleasure一件乐事抽象名词与a(n)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.；Would you like to have
8、 a walk (swim，bath，talk) with me?；It is a waste of time reading such a novel.；She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.（2）有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。如：a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡；a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料；a few grey hairs几根白发；a glass一只玻璃杯。【真题对点析】11.（2018新课标卷I·语法填空）Two o
9、f the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_66（that which）_showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_(cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。2.（2018·全国新课标卷I&
10、#183;短文改错）Last winter when I went here（改为there） again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.【答案】chicken改为chickens【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。3. （2018·全国新课标卷·短文改错）After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.【答案】so
11、rt改为sorts【解析】sort在此意为“种类”，是可数名词，和all搭配时用复数形式。故将sort改为sorts.4.（2018·浙江卷）Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _56_(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes 【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。5.（2017·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）This trend, which was sta
12、rted by the medical community（医学界） as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案】effects 【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects
13、。【对点模拟练】11. Your advise is of little _.it doesn't help to improve our English. A. useful B. uselessness C. importance D. helpless【答案】C【解析】 此题考查的是“be of +(形容词)抽象名词”的用法。useful 和helpless为形容词，故排除A和D
14、, 根据后半句知“建议不能帮助我们提高英语成绩”，前半句也应该表示否定意义， little 本来就表否定意义，而uselessness又是否定意义，故排除B.2. She has gained many unforgettable _ about animals when _ in the forest doing research.A. experiences; stayedB. experiences; stayingC. experience; stayedD. experience; staying【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知，experience在这里表示经历，因此为可数名词，所以
15、排除C项和D项。When引导的从句其实是when she is staying in the forest doing research.当主句主语和从句主语一致，并且从句中有系动词时，可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略，故用staying。所以B项正确。句意：当停留在森林里做研究时，她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。3. She has gained many unforgettable _ about animals when _ in the forest doing research. A. experiences; stayedB. experiences; staying C
16、. experience; stayedD. experience; staying【答案】B【解析】句意：当她停留在森林里做研究时，她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。根据句意可知，experience在这里表示经历，因此为可数名词，所以排除C项和D项。When引导的从句其实是when she is staying in the forest doing research.当主句主语和从句主语一致，并且从句中有系动词时，可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略，故用staying。所以B项正确。4. He found a lot of were . A. passers-by; grown-u
17、psB. passer-bys; growns-up C. passer-bys; grown-upsD. passers-by; growns-up【答案】A【解析】考查名词复数。句意：他发现很多过路人是成年人。passer-by“过路人”的复数是passers-by；grown-up“成年人”的复数是grown-ups。故选A。【考点精准说】2-名词所有格（1）-s所有格the boys mother；the childrens toys；the teachers books；Lucy and Lily s bedroom（共用的）；Lucys and Lilys bedrooms(各自的
18、)（2）“of名词”所有格the roof of the house；the cover of the book；the name of the girl；a picture of my father（3）双重所有格a friend of my brothers (one of my brothers friends)；a picture of my fathers(one of my fathers pictures)（4）-s所有格的特殊表示形式有：用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如：Toms home，the doctors，the companys new factory等。用
19、于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todays newspaper，five minutes walk(drive)，five pounds weight，ten dollars worth of coffee。用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如：the worlds population，Chinas industry，New Yorks parks。（5）所有格的句法功能表所有关系： Jacks brother表主谓关系： Mr Wangs praise表动宾关系： the famous stars admirers表修饰关系： a doctors degree表同位关系
20、(只用of所有格)：the city of Beijing【真题对点析】21.（2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.【答案】Fridays改为Friday。【解析】考查名词的格。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Fridays改为Friday。2. mother was unconscious
21、 for five hours after being admitted to hospital. A. John and MaryB. Johns and Marys C. Johns and MaryD. John and Marys【答案】D【解析】句意：约翰和玛丽的妈妈被接收入院后五个小时都不省人事。此处主语是单数名词，表示"约翰和玛丽共有的妈妈"，所以只在最后一个名词词尾加-s。如表示"他们各自的母亲"，则用Johns and Marys mothers。【对点模拟练】21. The shoes were covered with mud, s
22、o I asked them to take them off before they got into car. A. girls; TomsB. girls; Toms C. girls; TomsD. girls; Toms【答案】C【解析】考查名词所有格。根据后半句中的I asked them可知是多个女孩，所以第一个空格处用girls'；后一个空格处是单数概念，用Tom's。2. There is a nice picture in the little bedroom. She likes it very much.A.
23、 girl B. girls C. girls D. girls 【答案】C3. This is reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teacher D. the teachers 【答案】D4. The newly-built library is a building.A. five storey B. five storeys C. five-storeys D. five storeys【答案】D【考点精准说】3-名词的功能（1）可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语Mary is to meet you at the airport.My
24、 brother is a worker.He bought a new book.We made him monitor of our class.（2）作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。分类意义air pollution空气污染；coffee cup咖啡杯；body language身体语言；road accident交通事故； the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖时间、地点、称呼等Doctor Jack杰克医生；Professor Li李教授；evening school夜校；winter sleep冬眠表目的、来源、材料、所属意义r
25、eception desk接待台；sports field田径场；stone table石桌；color TV彩电（3）作状语名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。The war lasted eight years.（4）作同位语Tom, our monitor, left school last year.【真题对点析】3 1（2020·江苏省高考真题）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _.AreservationBtransformationCdistinctio
26、nDSubmission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。2（2020·天津高考真题）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _as one of Americ
27、a's greatest writers.AtrustBcontactCreputationDTheory【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来，这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A. trust信任；B. contact联系；C. reputation声誉；D. theory理论。根据句意，尤其是greatest writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境，故选C项。3. 【2019·江苏卷 】26.Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to
28、food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。4. 【2018·江苏】Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A
29、. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词，词义辨析及语境理解。 句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment 分配； B. association 交往； C. acquisition 获得；D. assumption 假设。故选D。5. .【2019·天津卷 】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.
30、A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。6. （2018·浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and
31、the rise in _64_(weigh) problems.【答案】weight 【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。【对点模拟练】36Parents can make _ big difference in dealing with _ stress of their children.【答案】A【考点精准说】4-主谓一致一语法一致原则，即主语语法形式上的单复数形式与谓语的单复数形式要一致。 1.单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时，谓语动词一般采用单数形式。注意：一个主语从句做主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。但若从句谓语或
32、从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。2.当主语是and, bothand 连接的并列结构时，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词用复数。注意：两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人，同一物、同一概念，或不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数。这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。3.由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each、every 、no、many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有
33、理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。Each boy and each girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film.许多老师和学生都看过这部电影。注意：each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语：each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has an MP3, which gives them more ways to enjoy their spare time.每个学生都有一个MP3，这给他们在课余时间享受生活提供了更多的方式。Ea
34、ch of the class has been given a bike.这个班里的每一个学生都得到了一辆自行车。注意：each位于复数主语后或句尾，不影响谓语动词的数。They each have built a happy family. (=They have built a happy family each.)他们每个人都组建了幸福的家庭。4某些不定代词，如 either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, everybod
35、y, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等做主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。5主语是由“many a +名词”或“more than one+名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但是随后的谓语动词仍然用单数。Many a student is here.很多学生在这里。More than one student goes to the park.很多学生去了公园。注意：“many+复数名词+than one”结构之后， 谓语动词一般多用复数形式。More employee
36、s than one are against your suggestion. 反对你的提议的雇员不止一个。二. 意义一致原则，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。1.时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词用单数。时间：Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer.距离：One hundred kilometers is not a long distance.金钱：20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money.重量：Two hundred tons of water was u
37、sed in that factory last month.2.一个算式时，表示数目的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词用单数形式。Twenty-five plus five is equal to thirty.Forty-three minus twenty-five makes eighteen.3.s 结尾的学科名称，如：mathematics, physics, politics, economics，mechanics, athletics, linguistics 等；Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.注意：专有名词，如国名、人名、书名
38、、戏剧名、组织机构及形式复数意义单数的名词news和以-s结尾的疾病的名词,如measles，arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, mumps等，他们形式上是复数，但意义上是单数。用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。No news is good news.The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.The United States is a powerful country in the world.4.山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s 结尾的专有名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 The Olympic Games are he
39、ld once every four years.5一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。常用的这类词有：a. Goods（货物）；arms(武器); wages(工资);contents(内容); remains(尸体); fireworks(烟火)；clothes（衣服）；stairs(楼梯)等;b.凡是由-ings 结尾的名词，如surroundings(环境); savings(储蓄存款);clippings (剪下来的东西), diggings(挖出来的东西)，earnings(收入)，filings(銼屑)，lodgings ( 租住的房间)，sweepings
40、 (扫拢的垃圾)等;cglasses; shorts(短裤）; trousers; shoes; scissors(剪刀); scales(天平); gloves(手套); compasses(圆规); spectacles(眼镜). 但是若其前面有pair 等表示单位的名词时，那么谓语动词的单复数由这些表示单位的词的单复数决定。One pair of shoes is missing.。Two pairs of trousers are missing. 6单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语动词的形式。常见的名词可分为一下几类：某些动物名词：deer; fish; sheep;
41、grouse (松鸡); salmon(鲑); bison(野牛); swine(猪)等.以-ese 或-ss 结尾的表示民族或国籍的名词：Chinese; Japanese; Portuguese(葡萄牙人); Swiss（瑞士人）; Vietnamese（越南人）等。某些以-s 结尾的名词：mans(方式，方法); species (种类); series (系列); works (工厂；著作); crossroads(十字路口); headquarters(司令部); barracks (营房); crops (部队); links(高尔夫球场);等.某些表示计量单位的名词：Horsep
42、ower（马力）; hertz（赫兹）; kilohertz（千赫）其它一些名词：Aircraft; craft(船；航空器；航天器); dice(骰子); offspring(子孙)等.There are five sheep on the farm, but there are only three goats.This glass works (factory) was set up in 1990.These glass works are near the railway station. Every possible means has been tried to to save
43、the badly-hurt worker. All possible means have been tried to to save the badly-hurt worker.为了去拯救这个严重受伤的工人，我们已经尝试了所有可能的方法。7 clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage,等无生命的集体名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。Clothing is badly needed in the flooded area.8 people, police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词做主语，谓语动词
44、用复数。 The police are looking for the thief.9 集合名词class，family, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government, majority, minority, staff, class, company, union, gang, committee, council，nation等做主语，如果作为一个整体看待，其谓语动词要用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，则谓语动词用复数。My family is a large one.M
45、y family are watching TV.10疑问代词who, what, which; 不定代词 all（指代的是“人”时, 谓语动词用复数；指代的是“物”时，谓语动词用单数）, none, some, any；half/ most/enough/the rest/ the last/ lots/plenty/part/分数/百分数+of+名词做主语，谓语动词的单复数要由它们所接名词的单复数而定。根据其指代的内容而定。All is going on very well.All are present besides the professor.A lot of students ar
46、e coming to the meeting.11 “a number of +复数可数名词”表示“一些，许多”，谓语动词要用复数。“the number of +复数可数名词”表示“的数目，数量”，谓语动词要用单数。The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.有50个人被邀请，但是很多人因为各种各样的原因缺席了。12 a quantity of /an amount of+名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Quantities of / amount
47、s of +名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 A(this) kind/sort/type of+名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 These (those) kinds/sorts/types of +名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。A large quantity of books is here.Large quantities of books are here.A large amount of money is wasted.Large amounts of money are wasted.13. “one and a half+可数名词复数”，“one in (out of )+可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。One and a half days is all the manager can spare. 经理只能抽出一天半的时间。One in three students can speak English in this school. 在这所学校的每三个学生中就有一个会说英语的。