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1、备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）08专练08 故事叙述类阅读理解【命题意图】 阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。【考试方向】记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态
2、度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是哲理故事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 逸闻趣事，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。【得分要点】高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。一、记叙文写作特点 记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、
3、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。 就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓一篇之妙，在于落句。二、记叙文命题特点 从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解
4、，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。三、记叙文答题技巧 一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。No.1 顺藤摸瓜 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（w
5、hat, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。No.2 左顾右盼 在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。No.3 刨根问底 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个
6、一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如What can be inferred from ?或是What does the author imply in?之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。No.4 拨云见日 每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通
7、篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。这时，你不仅需要左顾右盼，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。【真题再现】【2020年1月·浙江卷，A】I never knew anyone whod grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway our librarian. She ran Jacksons Carnegie Library absolutely by h
8、erself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing；I would do anything to read.My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to che
9、ck out books for myself, She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults,” Mother said.Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day youd take
10、n it out；it made no difference to her that youd read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I sta
11、rted to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red Riding Hood&quo
12、t; with my brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer in character "The better to eat you with, my dear," and go back to her place in the magazine article.21. Which of the following best described Mrs. Calloway?A. diet.B. Strict.C. Humorous
13、.D. Considerate.22. What do the underlined words "this feeling" refer to in the last paragraph?A. Desire to read.B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.C. Interest in games.D. Fear of the library rules.23. Where is the text probably from?A. guidebook.B. an autobiography.C. a news report.D. book review.
14、【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要内容为作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样拥有对读书的渴望。21.推理判断题。根据第一段中I never knew anyone whod grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway our librarian. （我从来没见过哪个在杰克逊长大的人不害怕我们的图书管理员卡洛维夫人）以及SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If
15、 she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes.（到处都挂着牌子，上面用黑色的大字写着“肃静”。如果她认为你穿得不合适，她会直接让你回家换衣服）可知Mrs. Calloway很严格。故选B。22.词义猜测题。根据下文Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else.（现在，我觉得她在做其他事情的同时，也在阅读）可知作者的妈妈也非常喜欢阅读，故作者
16、的母亲渴望读书和作者是一样的。故划线短语意思为“渴望读书”。故选A。23.推理判断题。结合文章主要内容可知，作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样渴望读书。故可推测文章可能来自于一份自传。故选B。【题型演练】1Jean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy. Well, almost everything. The probl
17、em is that the people in Jean's family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. In fact, Jean is quite lonely.So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous(匿名), talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Li
18、nda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often.Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and lived in San Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a common(共同的) interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always too
19、k them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. David sent a picture of himself: He was a tall, good-looking young man with a big, happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small
20、 things to each other. When Jean's father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer. But when she knocked on David&
21、#39;s door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!1. Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is _.A. richB. famousC. youngD. lonely2. Jean thought “David” was special because he _.A. made her quite happy on QQB. was from San FranciscoC. sent h
22、er a picture of himselfD. was tall and good-looking3. When Jean and “David” met and introduced themselves to each other, who felt surprised?A. “David”B. Both“David” and Jean.C. Jean.D. Neither“David”nor Jean.4. What's the main idea of the passage?A. Don't believe those you get to know on QQ
23、so easily.B. People don't use their real names on QQ so often.C. Don't go to meet those you get to know on QQ.D. People should tell their real names to others on QQ.2A campaign （活动）is being launched to encourage children to give up 30 minutes of screen time a day to head for the great outdoo
24、rs.The newly formed Wild Network a cooperation of nearly 400 organisations - is trying to attract teenagers away from television and computer screen and into fields, woods and parks. Organisers say that it is the UK's biggest ever campaign to reconnect children with nature and outdoor play, and
25、that it could help improve fitness, mental（精神的）health and general well being. A documentary film, Project Wild Thing, will announce the launch at more than 50 cinemas across the UK from Friday. It looks at the increasingly weak link between children and nature.Andy Simpson, chairman of the Wild Netw
26、ork, said: "The sad truth is that kids have lost touch with nature. Time spent outdoors is down, activity areas and levels are falling strongly and the ability to identify common species （物种）has been lost."Suggestions of how to get more time in nature include camping or racing and observin
27、g autumn colour on trees and so on. From January, the network will aim to make suggestions to politicians on how government can do more to get children muddy （沾满泥污的）and bright¬-eyed.This is not the first time the message of less screen, more play has been brought up. Children in the 1980s were
28、asked to do the same by the BBC TV series Why Don't You, which somewhat confusingly called on its viewers to "switch off your TV set, and do something less boring instead".5. The purpose of the campaign is to call on kids_.A. to love animalsB. to play outdoorsC. to give up screensD. to
29、 protect nature6. What may make Andy Simpson sad?A. Kids' disability to name some creatures.B. The falling duration of Rids' vacations.C. Strict rules on kids' outdoor activities.D. The disappearance of common species.7. What does the network appeal to the government to do?A. Reconnect k
30、ids with nature.B. Provide kids with more mud.C. Take measures to protect kids.D. Pay attention to eye protection.8. Why does the author mention the BBC TV series?A. To tell the development of BBC TV series.B. To prove the recognition of his suggestion.C. To show the TV series caused confusion.D. To
31、 compare present TV series with old ones.3The signs appeared practically overnight. Theyd been planted everywherein front of homes, along sidewalks, around the local high school. Each featured just a few uplifting words in simple black type: “Dont Give Up,” “You Are Worthy of Love,” “Your Mistakes D
32、o Not Define You.” The high school in Newberg, Oregon, had lost four students and three former graduates to kill themselves that year, so the town of 25, 000 instantly understood the messages.Amy Wolff had done so, in part, because shed lost her own teenage brother in an accident about 20 years earl
33、ier. It was compassion (同情) for compassions sake.Yet as Wolff saw the deep emotion her sign inspired in her neighbors, she decided to step forward to share her message publicly. Instantly, her inbox was flooded with requests for more signs. Since then, the Dont Give Up Movement has spread from Newbe
34、rg to the hearts and yards of people in every state. Wolff charges only the cost of materials and shipping. “Its a terrible business decision if we wanted to function like a business,” she says.Chrisanne Moger commented on one of the movements posts about the need for one particular sign, “Were All
35、in This Together.” She thought it would really speak to a world huddling together under the cloud of COVID-19. Wolff agreed, and she received 750 orders within a week of its creation. A mother in Colorado, unable to travel during the quarantine (隔离), contacted the organization after her stepsons sud
36、den death. “I saw one of your signs recently and it was a touching message from above to hang on.” she wrote.Aware of the added emotional challenges isolation brings, the Dont Give Up Movement has since offered to send handwritten letters of support to anyone in quarantine who needs it.9. Why did th
37、e signs suddenly appear everywhere in Newberg?A. They featured some inspiring words.B. The high school had lost several students.C. They conveyed simple messages.D. The outbreak of COVID-19 scared people.10. What do you know about the Dont Give Up Movement?A. It is a non-profit organization.B. It me
38、t all requests of neighbors.C. It gradually won the hearts of people.D. It was started in honor of Amys brother.11. What effect do the messages from the posts have?A. They bring emotional challenges.B. They offer great encouragement.C. They provide information for COVID-19.D. They improve interperso
39、nal relationships.12. What do you think of Amy Wolff?A. Shes active and open-minded.B. Shes talkative and sociable.C. Shes decisive and ambitious.D. Shes selfless and devoted.4Our house was across the street from a hospital. We rented the upstairs rooms to outpatients at the clinic. One summer eveni
40、ng as I was preparing supper, there was a knock at the door. I opened it to see a truly awful looking man hardly taller than my eight-year-old daughter.But the frightening thing was his swollen face. He told me hed been hunting for a room since noon but no one seemed to have a room. For a moment I h
41、esitated, but his next words convinced me: “I could sleep on the porch（门廊）. My bus leaves early in the morning.” I went inside and finished getting supper. When we were ready, I asked him to join us. “No thank you. I have plenty.” And he held up a brown paper bag. When I had finished the dishes, I w
42、ent out to talk with him a few minutes.He told me he fished for a living to support his daughter, who was hopelessly disabled, and her five children. He didnt tell it by way of complaint; in fact, he was grateful that no pain accompanied his disease. He thanked life for giving him the strength to ke
43、ep going.At bedtime, we put a camp small bed in the childrens room for him. When I got up in the morning, the bed linens were neatly folded and the little man was out on the porch. He refused breakfast, but just before he left, he smiled, “Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by
44、 my face, but children dont seem to mind.” I told him he was welcome to come again.In the years he came to stay overnight with us there was never a time that he did not bring us fish or vegetables. Other times we received packages. Knowing that he must walk three miles to mail these, and knowing how
45、 little money he had made the gifts more precious. I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude.13. What actually led to the old mans failure to get a room before?A. His fishing job.B. His
46、 ugly appearance.C. His disabled daughter.D. His lack of money.14. Why did the author finally accept the old man?A. He was in very bad condition.B. He might attack her unless accepted.C. He wouldnt bother them too much.D. The author had a big family to support.15. What can we learn from the text?A.
47、The old man often came to ask for help ever since.B. The old man actually didnt eat anything for supper.C. It was not easy for the old man to send the author gifts.D. The authors help taught the old man to live independently.16. Which is the best title for the text?A. A precious gift!B. A silent com
48、plaint!C. A stubborn fisherman!D. An incredible meeting!5A fight last month between Campinas and Sao Jose do Rio Preto in southern Brazil became the scene of a spontaneous( 自发的) act of kindness that spread on social media networks.According to the website Aeroin. net, a passenger named Sirlandia Dia
49、s Pereira was traveling with her son Caleb, who suffered from heart failure and bad a heart murmur(杂音). During the flight, she told the passenger next to her, Alex Pontes, that she was traveling so her son could be hospitalized. She also explained that she was relying on the charity of others for living quarters.The pass