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1、动词(实义动词/系动词/助动词/情态动词)分类讲解中考英语语法总复习实义动词/行为动词(及物/不及物/延续/瞬间动词)实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词,也叫行为动词。按其句法作用可以分为“及物动词vt”和“不及物动词vi”。按其延续性可分为“延续性动词”和“非延续性动词(瞬间动词)”。01及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语意义才能够完整。 动词+宾语I like this book very much. 动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly.I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Plea
2、se pass me the salt.注:常见的双宾语动词有:give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, offer, pass, teach, tell等。02不及物动词不及物动词自身意义完整,无需接宾语,不及物动词常与介词连用,构成动词短语,相当于一个及物动词。Horses run fast.Listen to the teacher carefully.03延续性动词延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和一段时间状语连用。live, study, work, keep, teach等。We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.Yo
3、u can keep this book for two weeks.04非延续性动词(瞬间动词)非延续性动词(瞬间动词)表示瞬间动作,动作一发生立即就结束。buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go come等。The old man has been dead for two years.The film has been on for ten minutes.助动词be/have/do/will/would/shall/should的用法助动词本身无意义或者意义不完整,只是帮助实义动词完成某些语法功能,如表示
4、时态、语态,构成否定句、疑问句等,不能单独作谓语。01bebe 作助动词和作连系动词一样,有人称、数和时态等变化。可与现在分词构成进行时态,与过去分词构成被动语态。02have与过去分词构成完成时态。03do主要用来帮助实义动词构成否定、疑问形式。04will、would、shall、shouldwill、shall 用于构成一般将来时;would、should 用于构成过去将来时。shall、should 主要用于第一人称;will、would 可用于所有人称。will、would、shall、should 除了表示单纯的将来时间外,更多的情况是用作情态动词。系动词(状态/感官/变化/持续/
5、表象/终止系动词)系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起连用构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或者身份。系动词连接主语和表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词。后面可跟名词、形容词等作表语。系动词分为:01状态系动词(be)02感官系动词(sound、look、smell、taste、feel)03变化系动词(become、get、go、grow、turn、run、come、fall)04持续系动词(keep、rest、remain、stay、lie、stand)05表象系动词(seem、appear、look)06终止系动词(prove、turn out)You look young
6、for your age.就你的年龄而言,你看上去很年轻。Man will grow old.人是会变老的。The weather keeps rainy these days.这些天一直在下雨。It seems that they know what they're doing.看来,他们知道自己在干什么。The party turned out to be very successful.晚会结果开得很成功。情态动词can/could的用法情态动词can/could的用法:情态动词may/might的用法情态动词must的用法注意:在疑问句和否定句中一般用can表示推测,否定句中也
7、可用may。在否定句中,mustn't表示禁止,意为“不允许”。情态动词need的用法need 既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。情态动词shall (should)/will (would)的用法情态动词can和be able to的区别can和be able to表示能力时的用法相同。can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时(could),其它时态要用be able to。另外,表示过去某一特定情况下成功做到某事时,用be able to。例如:Jim couldn't speak Chinese last year, but now he can.We will be abl
8、e to come back next week.There was a big fire in that building last night, but all the people were able to run away from it.情态动词can和may表示可能性的1、在肯定句中,常用may表示可能。You had better ask the policeman. He may know the place.2、在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用can't;若语气不肯定,则用may not。Mr. Li cant be in the room. He has
9、gone to Beijing.-Is John coming by train?-He may not. He likes driving his car.情态动词could/should/would/might表示委婉语气could, should, would, might表示委婉语气could, should, would, might等有时候并不表示过去,而表示委婉客气的语气。Would you tell me the way to the park?情态动词must和have to的区别must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”;have to 表示客观需要,意为“不得不”must 只有
10、一种形式,have to 有多种时态形式must 否定形式为 mustn't,意为“不准、不允许”;have to 否定形式为 don't have to,意为“不必”(= needn't)例如:I have to go to school now.We must work hard at school.You must finish the project by Friday.情态动词can't和mustn't的区别表示否定推测时用can't,mustn't表示“禁止、不允许”,在肯定句中,must表示推测,意为“一定”。例如:The man over there can't be my uncle, for he has gone to America.情态动词是一种语气词,情态动词常放在不同的语境中去考查,解题时要注意把握说话者的情感、态度、观点等。要注意对以情态动词开头的疑问句的回答,特别是问句是一个情态动词,回答时却用另一个情态动词。