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1、【非谓语动词】【考纲解读】近几年对于非谓语动词的句法功能考查越来越多，尤其是语篇填空和改错题型考查较多，甚至在完形填空的选项中也多有涉及。首先需要考生了解非谓语动词的基本形式及其时态和语态的变化形式；其次，需要考生牢固掌握非谓语动词的语法功能和非谓语动词题目的解题思路，并能在具体的语境中正确运用。【命题趋势】1. 近年来对非谓语动词的考查较多的关注与语境的结合，尽管出发点还是仍是非谓语动词的基本用法，这种考查形式是在理解语境和句意的基础上设置的。2. 今后非谓语动词的考查依然占有较高的比重，尤其是非谓语动词做定语和状语的用法，同时试题设置将会继续结合语境，难度适中。3. 高考对该语法现象的渗透
2、日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。4. 动词不定式的考查主要集中在一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。【名师指导】1. 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断出是否是非谓语动词，找准相关动词的逻辑主语，再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词。例如：作主语、宾语用动名词或动词
3、不定式；作状语常用分词：目的状语常用动词不定式，伴随状语则常用现在分词等。2. 确定为非谓语动词后，再观察非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系以及动作发生的时间，由此判断出正确的时态、语态形式。非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，常用现在分词、动词不定式或动名词的一般式；是被动关系，则用过去分词、ing形式或动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to have done/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be do
4、ne / doing / being done / done）。不定式来源:学§科§网动名词来源:Z.xx.k.Com来源:Z_xx_k.Com分词来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K现在分词过去分词一般式主动式to dodoingdoingdone被动式to be donebeing donebeing done/进行式主动式to be doing/被动式/完成式主动式to have donehaving donehaving done/被动式to have been donehaving been donehaving been done/一、非谓语动词作主语1. It作形式
5、主语，不定式为真正主语 It takes/took sb. st. to do sth. Its + adj. + to do sth. Its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. Its + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.2. It作形式主语，动名词为真正主语 Its no use doing sth. Its no good doing sth. Its no pleasure doing sth. Its worthwhile doing sth. Its useless doing sth. Its a waste of time doin
6、g sth. 二、非谓语动词作宾语1. v. + to do decide determine learn want would like wish expect refuse manage pretend demand promise choose plan ask beg offer intend fail afford long seem happen prepare hesitate desire hope agree prove attempt 2. v. + doing enjoy consider escape avoid risk deny appreciate miss pe
7、rmit allow include admit mind imagine fancy stand delay finish suggest mention practice excuse keep resist forgive complete 3. 合成谓语 + to do be + 判断类、趋向类、能愿类adj. + to do be sure/certain to do be likely to do be ready to do be able/unable to do be willing /unwilling to do4. 合成谓语 + doing be busy doing
8、be worth doing5. 含介词to的短语 + doing be/get used to be/get accustomed to get down to look forward to object to prefer.to refer to pay attention to stick to lead to be opposed to give ones life to devote oneself to be devoted to be limited to be equal to apply to contribute to6. v. + to do & v. + do
9、ing 意义区别不大的动词 start begin continue like love dislike hate prefer7. v. + to do & v. + doing 意义不同的动词 forget / remember / forget + to do 未发生的动作 forget / remember / forget + doing 已发生的动作 go on to do 接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事 mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着 try t
10、o do 尽力做 try doing 尝试做8. “需要”类动词的用法 want / need / require + doing(表被动) = want / need / require + to be done三、非谓语动词作表语1. She is to get married next week. Im to see you off at the airport tomorrow. Youre to stand here.2. My job is teaching English. His main interest is fishing.3. The news is disappoin
11、ting. The children were disappointed. interesting/interested exciting/excited confusing/confused frightening/frightened surprising/surprised tiring/tired boring/bored moving/moved puzzling/puzzled 四、非谓语动词作定语1. This is the school to be built next year. The train to arrive is from Qingdao. I have a lo
12、t of work to do. Ill go to the supermarket. Do you have anything to be bought? He is always the first one to come and the last to leave. There is nothing to worry about. Theres still much to do.2. waiting room = a room for waiting swimming pool walking stick living room sitting room3. developing cou
13、ntry / developed country falling leaves / fallen leaves boiling water / boiled water五、非谓语动词作状语1. To improve our English, we come here. They went to the railway station, only to be told that the train had left. Im so glad to see you.2. Hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing.（时间/原因） Given enough t
14、ime, I can do it better. （条件） Being ill, he didnt go to school. （原因） The glass fell to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果) to do意料之外结果 doing意料之中，自然而然 Our teacher came in, followed by many students (伴随)3. spenddoing have difficulty doing have trouble doing have fun doing have a good time doing hav
15、e a hard time doing六、非谓语动词作补足语1. v. + sb. + to do ask want advise allow encourage force forbid order permit persuade request require tell warn urge expect consider invite teach remind send2. v. + sb. + do口诀：宾补省to十一个五看二听一感觉 look at / see / watch / notice / observe一个帮助两均可 listen to / hear三个使役紧跟着 feel
16、/ help如若主动变被动 let / make / let该to一定要带着3. I found my car missing. I will have my watch repaired.4. have sth. done = get sth. done have sb. do = get sb. to do have. sb. doing = keep sb. doing【走向高考】.单句语法填空1. (2016·浙江卷)To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study
17、 _ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.2(2016·全国卷)My ambassadorial duties will include _ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.3(2016·全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots, _ (use) twigs(树枝
18、) to remove it.4(2016·北京卷)_ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.5(2016·北京卷)_ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.6(2015·全国卷)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enoug
19、h _ (cool) the house during the hot day.7(2014·全国卷)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _ (stop) until we reached the next stop.8(2014·全国卷)Still, the boy kept _ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.9(2017·陕西西安一中二模·改编)Wit
20、h a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.10(2017·陕西西安二模·改编)_ (judge) from his accent, he is from the south of China.11(2017·四川成都七中诊断·改编)To his surprise, Jack found his son _ (dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.12(2017·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟
21、·改编)Nervous and anxious, Jill failed _ (make) a good impression at the job interview.13(2016·四川卷)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something _ (eat)!14(2015·全国卷)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here f
22、or people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.15(2015·全国卷)A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.16. (2018·北京) _ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience 17. (2018·北京)
23、During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.18. (2018·北京) Ordinary soap, _(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 19. ( 2018·天津) I didn't mean _(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good t
24、hat I couldnt help_( try) it.20. ( 2018·天津 ) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_(take). 21. (2018·江苏)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,_(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market&
25、#160;analysts.22. (2018·新课标I卷)You dont have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.23. (2018·新课标I卷)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 24. (2018··新课标III卷) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay)and watch.单句语法
26、改错1(2016·全国卷)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes._2(2015·陕西卷)My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！_3(2017·湖北八校联考)With my eyes filling with tears, I came into Mr Li's office._4(2017·浙江重点中学协作体联考)But no
27、w we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves._5(2017·江西红色六校联考)The ability express one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college._6(2017·黑龙江大庆铁人中学月考)The office of the Students' Union will contact the choosing candi
28、dates for an interview in a few days._7For the whole afternoon they sang and danced happily without think about their schoolwork._8Having something to do on the train, I couldn't help think about the scene of leaving and felt terribly sorry._9(2014·广东卷)We got a little _ (sunburn), but the d
29、ay had been so relaxing that we didn't mind._10(2013·四川卷)After think for some time, I let her copy my answers._11. (2018·新课标I卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. _12. (2018·新课标II卷)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many time
30、s I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me._13. (2018·新课标III卷) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud._14. (2018·江西省临川一中2018届高三模拟考)Despite a famous scientist, Lu lives a simply and humble life, using broken furniture da
31、ted back to the 1980s in his home._15. (2018·湖北省襄阳四中2018届高三5月第四次模拟)As I practiced skating, he always created a relaxed atmosphere and put forward some specific advice._16. (2018·河南省郑州市2018届高三下学期第三次模拟)What impressed me most was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”._【参考答案】.单句语法填空1解析：句意：回到水
32、污染问题，我想让你们看一下澳大利亚在2012年进行的研究。study与conduct之间为被动关系，且设空处表示“完成”，故用过去分词作后置定语。答案：conducted2解析：分析句子结构可知，will include在句中作谓语，include为及物动词，其后加名词或动名词作宾语，再结合提示词introduce和空后的名词visitors可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。答案：introducing3解析：考查现在分词作状语，people与use之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。答案：using4解析：句意：要想更容易地联系到我们，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。根据句意可知这里应用动词不定式作目的
33、状语，故答案为To make。答案：To make5解析：句意：这些书一个多星期前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。order与逻辑主语the books之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故答案为Ordered。答案：Ordered6答案：to cool7解析：refuse to do sth.表示“拒绝做某事”。答案：to stop8解析：表示“继续(不间断地)做某事”时，要用keep doing sth.，相当于continue doing sth.。答案：riding9解析：句意为：因为有许多难题要解决，经理感觉像热锅上的蚂蚁。此处为with的复合结构，difficult problems与
34、settle之间为主动关系，且“解决难题”发生在将来，故用不定式作宾补，表示将要发生的动作。答案：to settle10解析： 句意为：从他的口音判断，他来自中国南方。judging from意为“从判断”，为独立成分，作状语时不用考虑它和句子主语之间的关系。答案：Judging11解析：句意为：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为“find宾语宾语补足语”的结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress意为“给(某人)穿衣”，常用于dress sb.或sb. be/get dressed结构。答案：dressed12解析：句意为：又紧张又焦虑，吉尔没有在面试中给人留下好
35、印象。fail to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“未做到某事”，故填to make。答案：to make13解析：句意：25天里，它(熊猫)从没离开过它的孩子，甚至不出去找吃的东西。分析句子结构可知，此处something是eat逻辑上的宾语，要使用不定式作定语。故此处应填to eat。答案：to eat14解析：此句有谓语动词arranges，可判断此处填非谓语动词，people和live存在主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。答案：living15解析：此句有谓语动词names，可判断此处填非谓语动词，study和conduct存在被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。答案：conducte
36、d16. 解析：考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“_ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词。答案：Traveling 17. 解析：考查非谓语动词。中秋节期间家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，品尝月饼。家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，品尝月饼，故用 to do 不定式。 答案：to share18. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ord
37、inary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词.答案：used 19. 解析：考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldnt help doing忍不住做。答案：to eat； trying20. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。答案： taken21. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分
38、析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。答案： exceeding22. 解析：考查非谓语动词。你不必跑得太快或者时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式短语作目的状语，故填不定式。答案：to see23. 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处of 是介词，故用动名词。答案： dying24. 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处 allow sb to do 允许某人做某事，故用动词不定式作宾补。答案： to stay.单句语法改错1解析：句意：我通过穿奇装异服向他们表示我是独立的。介词by后需跟动名词作宾语。答案：wearwearing2解析：
39、分析句子结构可知介词of后是动名词的复合结构，故用动名词形式。答案：enjoyenjoying3答案：fillingfilled4答案：raisingraised5答案：express前加to6答案：choosingchosen7答案：thinkthinking8答案：thinkthinking9解析：本题考查“get过去分词”表示状态。got在该题中为连系动词，且sunburn与We之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词作表语。因此，答案为sunburned或sunburnt。答案：sunburned或sunburnt10解析：介词after之后应用v.ing形式。答案：thinkthinking1
40、1. 解析：sell改成selling 考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。答案：sellselling12. 解析：考查动词不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故把watching改为watch。答案：watchingwatch13. 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。答案：waitwaiting14. 解析：考查非谓语动词。date back to“追溯到”，date是不及物动词，无被动式，作定语修饰f
41、urniture，用现在分词。故将dated改为dating。答案: dateddating15. 解析：考查现在分词。句意：他总是创造一个令人放松的氛围。故把relaxed 改成 relaxing。答案：relaxedrelaxing16. 解析： 考查非谓语。句意：我印象最深的是一个叫“学习农场”的活动。分析句子What impressed me most was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”可知，本句的calling “Learning to Farm”作定语修饰名词 an activity。an activity被称为“Learning to Farm”，二者是被动关系，要用过去分词作定语。故把calling改为called。答案：callingcalled