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1、 2021届好教育小题必练小题必练20：完形填空新高考的完形填空由原来的20题，减少到15题，分值也相应地减少。考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺，极少考语法。侧重考查词汇在语篇、语境中的运用；着重对实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词）和上下文语境用词的考查，动词考查相对集中。短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难度相当。题材趋向于原汁原味的国外生活，强调与中学生有关的生活情境或社会情境。体裁大都是具有一定故事情节的记叙文，也有可能是夹叙夹议，富有哲理的文体，中心思想明确，充满正能量，考生读完后能获得某种启迪。短文长度基本稳定，一般在200-250个单词左右。短文的第一句不设空格，提供给考生一个思考的窗口
2、。1.读首句，明方向完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句,可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向,达到顺利“入题”的目的。2.寻复现,找答案完形填空选项的设置,命题人往往通过原词复现、同根词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、上下词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时,在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下,应留心选项中是否有与上下文中相对应的词汇,运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。(1)原词复现在上下文中同一词汇重复出现(2)同/近义词复现意思相同、相近的表达方式,或者解释性的词汇复现(3)反义词复现意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现(4)同根词复现词形变化的
3、词汇复现(5)上下词复现总括与分述的词汇复现3.看语境,辨词义完形填空的四个选项词性相同,意义相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分,可能会有两个或两个以上的答案。做题时,要从整体上把握文章内容,区分文章的结构层次和逻辑关系,同时认真比较所给选项,从中选出最佳答案。4.析逻辑,索答案完形填空中有些题目侧重考查对人物话语逻辑性的精准判断以及对特殊语境下的情绪演变、行为态度、语言褒贬和方式转变的理解判断。常见的命题方式包括心理揣测、动作交互、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、增补关系、对比关系等。解决此类问题时要关注连词的功能、词语的多义性、词语的情感色彩和动作发生的先后顺序,借助具体语境和人
4、物的特定身份,顺着原文的思路,依据上下文进行合乎逻辑的推断。5.据搭配,知答案完形填空中,有时会涉及短语,以动词短语为主,偶见介词短语等。解题时,可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识,进行有效推断,选择正确答案。6.重平行,觅逻辑文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起,特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现,要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说,这些平行结构所表达的语境是一致的,考生解题时要特别注意这一点。7.依常识,定答案完形填空虽然是独立的语篇,但有时会渗透很多科技、文化、历史、地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。同学们在做题时如果能积极主动地调动自己已有的文化背景和生活常识,特别是注意中西文
5、化的差异并巧妙加以利用,将会有效简化分析与判断过程,节省宝贵时间,取得“事半功倍”的效果。8.破难句,解句意完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句,而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析,准确理解句意,明确所填选项在句中的语法功能,从而做出正确判断。9.巧排除,降难度在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下,考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项,这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。（2020·山东卷）Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village la
6、y near some wetlands which became his second_1_. He learned the value and beauty of _2_ there from a very young age.When he was 16， Molai began to notice something _3_ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the _4_ it caused had driven away a number of birds. _5_，
7、the number of snakes had declined as well. He _6_ that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the _7_. The solution， of course， was to plant trees so the animals could seek _8_ during the daytime. He turned to the _9_ department for help but was told that nothing would grow th
8、ere. However， Molai went looking on his own and _10_a nearby island where he began to plant trees._11_ young plants in the dry season was _12_for a lone boy. Molai built at the _13_ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform， where he placed earthen pots with small holes to_14_ rainwater. The water would
9、then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai _15_ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.1. A. dreamB. jobC. homeD. choice2. A. natureB. youthC. cultureD. knowledge3. A. preciousB. interestingC.
10、 disturbingD. awkward4. A. wasteB. tensionC. painD. damage5. A. BesidesB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Otherwise6. A. agreedB. realizedC. rememberedD. predicted7. A. noiseB. heatC. diseaseD. dust8. A. directionsB. partnersC. helpD. shelter9. A. laborB. policeC. forestD. finance10. A. rebuiltB. discoveredC.
11、 leftD. managed11. A. DecoratingB. ObservingC. WateringD. Guarding12. A. toughB. illegalC. fantasticD. beneficial13. A. backB. topC. footD. side14. A. cool downB. keep offC. purifyD. collect15. A. returnedB. learnedC. failedD. continued【答案】1-5 CACDA 6-10 BBDCB 11-15 CABDD【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大
12、。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。1.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. na
13、ture自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。4.考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B.
14、 tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。5.考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predic
15、ted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。7.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。8.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。9.考查名词词义辨析。
16、句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution， of course， was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。10.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接
17、下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。11.考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙
18、述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。13.考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。14.考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A.
19、cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。AChelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer
20、 since the age of three. That ambition_1_ ended one night in 2010. Hill，then a 17-year-old high school student，was in a car_2_ ，which left her paralyzed(瘫痪) from the waist down. For most people，that would have ruined any hope of a dancing career. For Hill, her wheelchair _3_ her and she wanted to pr
21、ove that she was still _4_.Hill did it in her _5_ right with her non-disabled high school dance team. After graduation，Hill wanted to expand her dance network to include women like her. She met people online who had suffered various _6_ but shared their determination ，and she invited them to dance w
22、ith her.Hoping to _7_ more people in a larger city, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014 and built a team of dancers with _8_ ，which she called the Rollettes. In disabled dance _9_ around the country , the six-member team ,they not only_10_ themselves ，but also brought great fun to the audience and won
23、 lots of prizes.Hill has_11_ what many of us never will: her childhood dream. Shes a(n) _12_ .But the Rollettes have helped her find something else just as _13_ . Every year she holds a dance camp for wheelchair _14_of all ages and abilities with the purpose of helping them discover their inner drea
24、ms in their life. In 2019，173 participants from ten countries attended.Edna Serrano says that being part of the Rollettes team has given her the_15_to live on. “I didnt know I could do so many things that these girls have taught me，” she says. Its so powerful to have my teammates in my life， because
25、 theyre my teachers. I have more confidence.”1. A. totallyB. quicklyC. nearlyD. really2. A. raceB. accidentC. exhibitionD. invention3. A. dismissedB. excitedC. shockedD. encouraged4. A. livingB. normalC. cleverD. strong5. A. courtyardB. classroomC. wheelchairD. club6. A. ideasB. diseasesC. disasters
26、D. injuries7. A. reachB. benefitC. keepD. attack8. A. hopesB. dreamsC. disabilitiesD. spirits9. A. designsB. groupsC. formsD. competitions10. A. hurtB. entertainedC. praisedD. moved11. A. attainedB. donatedC. resultedD. concentrated12. A. expertB. teacherC. dancerD. boss13. A. satisfyingB. boringC.
27、puzzlingD. surprising14. A. companiesB. sellersC. producersD. users15. A. giftB. courageC. experienceD. methodBAidan Anderson was raised in a family that valued community service. His _16_ deeds developed into the nonprofit organization Aidan Cares. Ten years later, he continues to_17_his impact. Wh
28、en he isnt working to help the community, Aidan enjoys singing and has _18_ an album.Since an early age, Aidan has shared his _19_ for music with others. He was _20_inspired to start Aidan Cares after he received $80 in tips for playing his harmonica（口琴）and singing at a restaurant. Aidan donated all
29、 the _21_ to buy pills for children in Africa. Later on, he was offered an opportunity by his mom to play for a corporate launch event, which he _22_The event helped raise much_23_，which was donated to African children. And Aidan Cares was_24_. Since then, Aidan has given countless more performances
30、 to_25_kids globally.Aidan considers his mom his biggest_26_ for getting into community service. They delivered_27_ to the sick and homeless when he was less than two years old. Together, they lived in nursing homes when on a mission, but for them, the sacrifices were absolutely _28_. These experien
31、ces taught Aidan that _29_ is only a number and that anyone can make a difference. And he is determined to _30_ his experiences with other kids.16. A. braveB. kindC. properD. tough17. A. expandB. findC. reflectD. notice18. A. releasedB. borrowedC. copiedD. purchased19. A. demandB. responsibilityC. p
32、assionD. reason20. A. normallyB. basicallyC. recentlyD. originally21. A. songsB. clothesC. albumsD. tips22. A. organizedB. forgotC. acceptedD. disliked23. A. interestB. moneyC. understandingD. attention24. A. set upB. given upC. turned upD. held up25. A. greetB. gatherC. benefitD. approach26. A. pro
33、fessionB. solutionC. applicationD. inspiration27. A. requestsB. suppliesC. programsD. suggestions28. A. painfulB. wastefulC. meaningfulD. faithful29. A. profitB. ageC. experienceD. knowledge30. A. shareB. saveC. followD. ignoreC“I'm meeting Mehrab after I'm done at the soup kitchen tomorrow.
34、 We're going to the museum,” my son Stephen informed me.Last week Stephen_31_ a soccer-related purchase. I agreed but reminded him that he'd have to _32_it. Since nothing needed doing in the house I suggested that he _33_ for a voluntary job at the soup kitchen in our city.I'd volunteere
35、d _34_ at the soup kitchen with my son when he was younger. It was a good_35_ to the larger world of our city. Some people who come are _36_ bike messengers. They are able to _37_ house rent only because they get a free _38_ each weekday. Others are homeless. Although noisy and busy, the kitchen is
36、run _39_,and rules are gently enforced.Sometimes all you do is cutting up roast turkeys. Other times you _40_tables for two hours. Once Stephen handed out vouchers(抵用券）for haircuts and make-up to help people have a sense of _41_ and go to job interviews _42_.Through the _43_, Stephen deepened his un
37、derstanding of the city and life.Tomorrow my son will be_44_ at the soup kitchen in the morning and later going to the city museum with his friend. To me, that's what our city is about: being _45_ to its culture on every level.31. A. provedB. reportedC. requestedD. decided32. A. earnB. reserveC.
38、 donateD. value33. A. waitB. applyC. advertiseD. run34. A. organizationB. arrangementsC. adviceD. services35. A. accessB. admissionC. barrierD. solution36. A. easy-goingB. youngC. hard-workingD. poor37. A. chargeB. payC. raiseD. calculate38. A. mealB. rideC. timeD. gift39. A. independentlyB. private
39、lyC. efficientlyD. publicly40. A. pick outB. break downC. find outD. wipe down41. A. dignityB. dutyC. securityD. purpose42. A. personallyB. frequentlyC. successfullyD. confidently43. A. exercisesB. jobsC. changesD. rewards44. A. cookingB. eatingC. workingD. partying45. A. devotedB. exposedC. admitte
40、dD. attachedDI was deep in the Bolivian jungle, with a top predator wrapped around my body, hot breath on my face.Volunteering at a Bolivian animal shelter with some backpackers for a week, I offered to _46_ with the puma, while months of training is normally needed to be a qualified animal carer an
41、d _47_ the animal.After an hour walk through the jungle, I, with another team member, reached the pumas enclosure. The huge cat growled (咆哮) at me with a distinct sense of _48_. But that didnt stop us from continuing our task. We entered the caged area attached two _49_ to the pumas “collar” and beg
42、an to walk him through the jungle.The puma, completely unpleased with me, stepped forward _50_. After only a couple of minutes, he stopped, looked _51_ at me and growled directly into my eyes. I watched helplessly as the puma _52_ into the air towards me. In a second his powerful legs _53_ around my
43、 throat and sharp teeth _54_ into my forehead.I heard my team member scream. But I couldnt _55_. Completely still, I assumed the worst. Yet, somehow it felt completely _56_. The circle of life. The scream faded as I began to lose consciousness. Then, all of a sudden, I was _57_. The animal let me go
44、 and stepped backwards.My team member ordered “stick your palm out towards him”. The huge cat stepped back towards me and _58_ it. And, that was it. He knew that I knew who was king of the _59_. After that we were friends.Volunteering with animals is a great way to give back while you eco-travel. Ju
45、st be sure to pick places with adequate _60_ if you dont want to have bad travel stories like mine!46. A. keep upB. get aroundC. help outD. take over47. A. familiarizeB. entertainC. encounterD. believe48. A. identityB. curiosityC. dislikeD. guilt49. A. bonesB. ropesC. bagsD. gloves50. A. bravelyB. p
46、roudlyC. gentlyD. hesitantly51. A. downB. overC. asideD. back52. A. rushedB. leapedC. crawledD. approached53. A. crossedB. wrappedC. stretchedD. extended54. A. occupiedB. appliedC. pressedD. planted55. A. moveB. answerC. delayD. leave56. A. dangerousB. naturalC. funnyD. typical57. A. releasedB. deliveredC. distractedD. abandoned58. A. chewedB. bitC. digeste