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1、 第五讲冠词、代词冠 词冠词简约不简单，特指泛指需分辨 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2017·浙江卷6月)For Pahlsson, its return was _ wonder.a解析：此处泛指“一个奇迹”，应用不定冠词a。2(2016·全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，_ other is with mumshe never suspects.the解析：one.the other.“一个
2、另一个”，为固定用法。3(2016·全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.a解析：for a while“一会儿”，为固定短语。4(2016·全国卷)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself._去掉the解析：at first“起初；一开始”，为固定短语。 通关点击 _原则这样解读(一
3、)不定冠词1在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。a university, a useful animal, a oneeyed dog, a European car, an hour, an honest boy, an Xray, an ugly man, an honor等。I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier.作为一名超市收银员我每小时挣10美元。2不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。(2017·湖北重点中学联考)They foun
4、d an apartment in America. They were there for only a month.他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅一个月。3表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts.那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。4表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。As the old saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.”常言道，
5、冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。5“a(n)序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most形容词”表示“非常，很”。He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting.在会议上他提出一个非常实用的建议。6在抽象名词success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wond
6、er, comfort, danger, shock等前表示“一个的人或一件的事”。The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。7不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：all of a sudden突然in a hurry匆忙地as a rule通常be on a visit参观；拜访as a matter of fact事实上as a result因此have a gift for在某方面有天赋have/catch a cold感冒make a living谋生have/take
7、a rest休息in a way从某种意义上说give sb. a lift让某人搭便车(二)定冠词的6种基本用法1特指某人或某事。The village where I was born has grown into a town.我出生的那个小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇。2用于序数词和形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only，very，same等之前。As is known to all, the Peoples Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。3某
8、些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人，要想到用定冠词。As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing.据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。4在世界上独一无二的事物，西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要想到用定冠词。The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。5用于the more.the more.(越越)结构中。The more careful you are, the fewer
9、 mistakes you will make.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。6定冠词用于固定短语中at the moment此刻；目前at the same time 同时on the contrary 相反in the end 最后，最终on the whole 总的来说to tell the truth 说实话in the distance 在远处on the other hand 另一方面make the most of 充分利用by the way 顺便说一下go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧in the middle of 在中间(三)零冠词的3种基本用法
10、1在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which youll make great progress.记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。2用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？3用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了
11、一名优秀的经理。代词代词指代要想全，理清用法是关键 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2017·浙江卷6月)“She thought I had hurt _(I)，”says Pahlsson.myself解析： 根据句意可知，此处表示“她以为我伤到我自己了”，应用I的反身代词，故填myself。2(2016·浙江卷)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK.that解析： 这里指代前面的不可数名词education system，为避免重复，所以用tha
12、t。3(2017·陕西检测一)All of us have read thrilling stories.In many of _(they) the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.them解析：考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用宾格代词them作介词of的宾语。4(2017·新疆第二次检测)Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for _ the teachers and the students.
13、both解析：考查固定搭配。固定搭配both.and.意为“两者都”，符合语境，故用both。5(2017·全国卷)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school._allboth或去掉all解析： 主语只有两个人，应用both作同位语或删掉all。all指三者或三者以上。6(2016·全国卷)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot._manymuch解析：此处应用代词much指代much money，作动词cost的宾语；many通常指代可数名词复数。通关点击 _原则这样解读1
14、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词人称分类单数复数一二三一二三人称代词主格Iyou he，she，itweyou they人称代词宾格meyouhim，her，itusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhis，her，itsouryour their名词性物主代词mineyourshis，hers，itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself，herself，itselfourselvesyourselves themselves指示代词this，thatthese，those2反身代词(1)反身代词是由第一、二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三
15、人称的人称代词宾格加词缀self或selves构成。(2)反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。You should learn to be kind to yourself.你要学会善待自己。(3)反身代词的习惯用法adapt oneself to 适应dress oneself自己穿衣occupy oneself with忙于 devote oneself to 致力于enjoy oneself 玩得开心 express oneself表达自己help oneself随便吃 by oneself单独地3指示代词this，that，these，those的用法指示代词用
16、法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work.我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。4不定代词(1)the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指。There are two pens here. One is his, and the other is Toms.这儿有两支钢笔，一支
17、是他的，另一支是汤姆的。(2)other作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。We study English, maths, Chinese and other subjects.我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。(3)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some.others.；而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。Some like staying at home at the weekend; others like going to the cinema.一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。(4)an
18、other泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。I dont like this book. Please give me another one.我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。5不定代词both，all，either，any，neither，none都任何一个都不(全部否定)部分否定两者botheitherneithernot eitherboth和not连用三者或三者以上allanynonenot anyall和not连用Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.N
19、iki总是很有想法，但据我所知没一个是有用的。it高考很常见，规则用法要记全 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2017·全国卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using _ every day.it解析： 此处指代前面的the railway，故用it。 2(2017·沈阳检测一)It was time for dinner and _was pretty dangerous that th
20、e sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.it解析： 考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知，句中that引导的从句为真正的主语，空处是形式主语，故用it。3(2017·河南南阳模拟)_is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.It解析：句意：对于学生来说，他们人在教室但心却不在的现象很普遍，因为他们在玩手机。It isadj.for sb.to d
21、o sth.为固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是的”。其中it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，故填It。4(2017·安庆模拟)He admitted that when_ comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it.it解析：句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。when it comes to.意为“当说到”，为固定句型。故填it。5(2017·重庆模拟)I hate _ when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my
22、 desk.it解析： 句意：我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。it常常与某些动词连用构成固定句式，例如：hate/dislike it when.；appreciate/help it if.等。 通关点击 _原则这样解读1指代时间、天气和距离。It is rainy in summer in China.中国夏季雨水多。2代替前文提到过的事物。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。3it用作
23、形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。4常用于固定搭配中。make it 成功；hate/like/enjoy it that.讨厌/喜欢；I cant help it我没有办法；if I can help it 如果我有办法；when it comes to.当涉及时；rely on/depend on/count on it that.相信；I
24、 would appreciate it if.如果，我将不胜感激。I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将不胜感激。,学生用书P27 ) 单句语法填空1(2017·石家庄质量检测一)According to William Hanson，_expert in ceremony，theres a very good reason for thisand it has nothing to do with fashion，but rather a royal tradit
25、ion that dates back to the sixteenth century.an解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一个专家”，expert的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。2(2017·四川成都诊断)I visited Hangzhou for the first time in the summer of 2016.It is so attractive that I decided to go there for _second time next year.a解析：句意：2016年夏天我第一次去杭州旅游。那里如此迷人，我决定明年再去一次。a second time表示“又一
26、次，再一次”，故填a。3(2017·合肥第一次检测)Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of _most important art forms in China.the解析：考查冠词。根据形容词最高级most important可知，空处需加定冠词the，此处意为“最重要的艺术形式之一”。4(2017·浙江嘉兴基础测试)Later, her role as Queen Amidala in Star Wars made her _ international superstar.an解析： 根据句意
27、可知，她成了一位国际巨星，表示泛指“一个”，且international以元音音素开头，前面需用不定冠词an。5(2017·河南洛阳第一次统考)“As soon as he opens _(he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.his解析：考查代词。根据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句中作定语。6(2017·太原二模)Then he
28、opened one of his bags and gave me _handful of freshly picked cherries，explaining that he had just taken them from his orchard.a解析：考查冠词。固定搭配a handful of意为“一把”，符合语境，故用不定冠词a。7(2017·浙江金丽衢州十二校8月联考)Linda，please tell me a little bit about _(you)yourself解析：此处表示“你自己”的概念，应用反身代词，指Linda，故填yourself。8(2017&
29、#183;江西赣中南五校一模)Dating sites also make _ easy to avoid someone who you are not interested in.it解析：句意：约会网站还能轻易避开那些你不感兴趣的人。设空处用it作形式宾语，“to avoid someone.”为真正宾语。9(2017·山东师大附中二模)At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced _(her)herself解析：句意：那时，一位迷人的年轻女士注意
30、到了我的书，向我走来并自我介绍。设空处作宾语，该空处与主语an attractive young lady指同一人，故用反身代词herself。10(2017·江西九江一中第一次月考)_is also fun to eat in restaurants there.It解析：句意：在那里的饭店用餐也很有趣。It作形式主语，“to eat in restaurants there”作真正的主语。 单句改错1(2017·云贵川百校联考)But its difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize an
31、d how to plan it._第二个itthem解析：plan后应跟一个指代前面的activities的代词，为复数形式，作plan的宾语，故应用表复数的宾格代词them。2(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently._memyself解析：考查代词。与句子主语I呼应，应用反身代词，意为“照顾好自己”。3(2017·长沙一模)After work, he learned to play guitar.H
32、e liked living on the farm, for the life was simple._play后加the/his解析：考查冠词或物主代词。guitar为乐器，需在其前加定冠词the。因为guitar和主语he是所属关系，故也可以用形容词性物主代词his。4(2017·河北邯郸联考)At first, I decided to eat less in order to lose the weight._删除the解析：lose weight 意为“减肥”，为固定短语，故将the删除。5(2017·洛阳统一考试)I could only tell him a
33、 truth.Instead of scolding, he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor._athe解析：考查冠词。tell the truth为固定词组搭配，符合语境，故用定冠词the。6(2017·石家庄检测一)In the fact, this happens in many places of interest.I have some suggestions to solve this problem._删除fact前的the解析：考查固定搭配。in fact为固
34、定搭配，意为“事实上”，the多余。7(2017·湖北武汉武昌区高三1月调考)Finally，I worked harder than ever and made great progress in her math._hermy解析：本句的主语是“I”，这里是指“我”取得进步，故用形容词性物主代词my。8(2017·河南毕业班适应性考试)A man immediately rushed to the girl to give him first aid._himher解析：句意：一个人立即冲向那个女孩儿，对她进行急救。give的宾语是那个女孩儿，因此用her而非him。
35、语法填空(2017·河南天一大联考)Number 1 in Chinese CultureNumber 1 is the simplest number, but has 1._ most complex cultural meaning in Chinese culture. It has the meaning of the beginning, the origin, and the whole, 2._ was first suggested by Lao Zi, a wellknown philosopher in ancient China in his cl
36、assicTao Te Ching. Meanwhile, this number 3._(regard) as “the mother of all creatures” by some other Chinese philosophers in ancient times. Chinese people respect it for its meaning of the first and winner as the same in Western culture. It is easy 4._(find) how people love the word from Chinese anc
37、ient literature. There are over 260 phrases and more than 420 idioms 5._(begin) with this word in Chinese language system. In Chinese culture, it is 6._ lucky nor unlucky. The 7._(combine) with some other numbers has positive meanings, such as 1314. 8._(it) pronunciation in Chinese sounds similar to
38、 lifetime, which is widely used between 9._(lover). Sometimes, 1(Yi in Chinese pinyin) sounds similar to the word “You”(Ni in Chinese pinyin). The common use of 5211314 in network language means “I love you forever”. 521 10._(simple) means “I love you”， which is the most beautiful line to all.解题导语本文
39、是一篇说明文，主要介绍了数字1在中国传统文化中的含义。1the解析：the most多音节形容词，表示：最的。2which解析：考查非限制性定语从句。先行词在定语从句中作主语且表示“物”，故填which。3was regarded解析：考查谓语动词。本句介绍的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时；主语this number与regard为被动关系，故用被动语态。综上所述此空填was regarded。4to find解析：it作形式主语，设空处需用不定式作真正的主语，故填to find。5beginning解析：设空处需用非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词与begin为逻辑上的主动关系，故填beginning。6neither解析：句意：在中国文化中，它既不是吉祥的也不是不吉祥的。根据本句中的nor可知设空处填neither。neither.nor.为固定结构，意为：既不也不7combination解析：设空处在句中作主语，故用名词形式；再根据本句中谓语动词has可推知本空需填名词单数形式。综上所述，设空处填combination。8Its解析：设空处需用形容词性物主代词its作pronunciation的定语。9lovers解析：根据常识及between可知设空处填名词复数形式lovers。10simply解析：设空处需用副词作means的状语，故填simply。