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1、ONONPOETRYPOETRYTRANSLATIONTRANSLATIONFROMFROMTHETHEPERSPECTIVE OF RELEVANCE THEORYPERSPECTIVE OF RELEVANCE THEORYA ACASECASESTUDYSTUDYOFOFCHINESECHINESETRANSLATIONTRANSLATIONOF KEATSSOF KEATSS ODEODEAbstractAbstractWith the help of relevance theory(hereinafter RT),this thesis tries toprobe into Chi
2、nese translation of English poetry.RT is firstly put forward byDan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson in 1986,and it exerts a great influence onpragmatics,and translation studies as well.The most significant outcome isthe study of translation from the perspective of relevance by DeirdreWilsons student Ernst
3、-August Gutt in 1991.Unfortunately,Gutt just focuseshis attention on the description of translation theories under RT without theconvincing translation examples,especially the poetry translation examples.There are a number of papers discussing translation and relevance bydomestic scholars;however,th
4、ese papers are limited by either the paperspace or the theory-oriented approaches.Studies of Keats and his poems havenever been stopped by scholars at home and abroad.But these studies aremainly done from the perspective of literature;there is no paper or thesis thatstudies Keatss poems from the ang
5、le of translation.Study of Keatss odestranslation has never been done in China,not to mention the study of Chinesetranslation of Keatss odes abroad.So this thesis tries to study poetrytranslation under the guidance of RT considering the shortcomings of studiesabove.The degree of relevance of RT is t
6、he main theoretical basis onstudying poetry translation.The optimal relevance is the assessing measurebetween the source language and the target language and the task of atranslator is to appropriately transfer the relevance degree of the sourcepoetry into the translated poetry to make sure the clos
7、est equivalence betweentwo languages.The author studies the relevance degree between the twolanguages from the angle of“rhyme”,“form”,and“information”of thepoetry,upon which the author puts forward a descriptive formula describingthe relationship between relevance and poetry translation.In order tod
8、emonstrate the topic better and more specifically,the author borrowsChinese versions of Keatss odes to exemplify the corresponding relationshipbetween relevance and poetry translation.Owing to the limitation of thethesis space,the author only selects four Chinese versions of Keatss“Odeon a Grecian U
9、rn”as the object of the exemplification and the discussion.Through the careful comparison of relevance in“rhyme”,“form”,and“information”between the original ode and the four Chinese versions,theauthor depicts the result of the detailed discussion in the descriptive formula.In the end,positions and t
10、riangles in the descriptive formula confirm theguiding function in theory and the applicable function in practice concerningRT in poetry translation.This thesis is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is anintroduction,which mainly discusses the necessity of the study,the gist of thetitle,th
11、e theoretical foundation of the research,the expected result of theresearch and the outline of the thesis.The necessity of the study is the focusof this chapter.The second chapter is a survey of theories employed in thisthesis,and accordingly they are the survey of RT,which consists of some keyterms
12、 of RT,the survey of RT and poetry translation,and the importance ofthe study.The third chapter is mainly about the study of John Keats,and it iscomposed of a brief introduction to the life of John Keats,some aesthetictheories of John Keats,which have two vital concepts serving as thesubsections of
13、it,and the practice of his aesthetic theories,which serves as atransition why“Ode on a Grecian Urn”is selected as a case study to the nextchapter.The fourth chapter is the case study of RT and Chinese translation ofJohn Keatss ode.The details are formed by“Survey of Translation ofOdeon a Grecian Urn
14、”and“A Case Study of Relevance Theory and ChineseTranslation of Keatss Ode”.The last chapter is a conclusion including themain idea of the thesis,the main findings of the thesis,the theoretical and thepractical significance of RT in poetry translation,the limitations of the studyand advice for furth
15、er research.Key words:RT;the optimal relevance;poetry translation;John Keats;ode摘要本文借助关联理论，旨在通过该理论来探究英语诗歌的汉语翻译。语用学家斯博伯（Sperber）和威尔逊（Wilson）在1986年首创关联理论，该理论不仅在语用学界引起强烈的反响，而且对翻译研究也具有积极的意义。最突出的成果即是由威尔逊的学生格特（Gutt）在1991年运用关联理论对翻译进行的专门研究，为翻译研究提供一个崭新的视角。但是，格特的关联翻译理论几乎都是理论性的阐述，很少甚至没有具体的翻译实践，特别是诗歌方面的例证研究。国内对
16、关联翻译理论有过一定的论述，但都限于篇幅而不够深入。国内外的专家、学者对济慈的研究一直没有中断过。但是这些研究多是从文学的角度来探讨的，几乎没有是从翻译的角度来研究济慈的诗歌，特别是关于济慈的颂诗翻译研究在国内至今没有人研究过，更不要说国外对他的颂诗汉译研究。因此，本文从以上研究的不足出发，旨在通过关联理论来探讨诗歌翻译。关联理论的关联度是该研究探讨诗歌翻译的主要理论依据，最佳关联是原文与译文的评价尺度，译者的任务就是要把原文的关联度恰当地传达到译文中去，并确保原文与译文保持最贴近的等同度。作者从诗歌的“音韵”、“形式”、“信息”的角度来考察原文与译文的关联度，在此基础上，作者提出了一个关于关
17、联与诗歌翻译关系的描写模式。为了能更具体、更充分地说明问题，作者借助济慈颂诗的汉译来具体例证其与诗歌翻译的对应关系。由于受篇幅的限制，作者只是选用了济慈的希腊古瓮颂这一首颂诗的四种译文作为例证和讨论的对象。通过对颂诗的四种汉语译文和原文在“音韵”、“形式”、“信息”上关联度的具体的对比分析，作者把分析的结果在描写模式中形象地再现出来。四种译文在描写模式中的位置及所构成的图形最终证实了关联理论对诗歌翻译所具有的理论上的指导作用及实践上的可行性。论文共分五章，第一章是引论，本章主要论述了论文研究的必要性、论文题目的主旨、选题的理论依据、所要达到的研究目标以及论文的纲要，其中论文研究的必要性这一部分
18、是本章的重点。第二章为理论综述，这一章主要论述论文在探讨诗歌翻译时的理论依据，具体包括关联理论的基本理论内核、关联理论与诗歌翻译以及这种研究的意义。第三章是济慈研究，主要涵盖了济慈的生平、济慈诗歌创作的美学思想、济慈的美学思想在他的诗歌特别是颂诗中的体现并由此为下一章为何选取“希腊古瓮颂”作为个案研究作以铺垫。第四章是济慈颂诗的汉译个案研究，本章包括济慈颂诗翻译简介、关联理论在济慈颂诗汉译中的对比分析和小结。第五章是结论，归结该研究的主要发现、回视引论中所提出的研究目标是否达到、关联理论在论证中的理论意义及实践意义、提出本论文中颂诗翻译对比研究的局限性并对将来更深入的研究提出建议。关键词：关联
19、理论；最佳关联；诗歌翻译；济慈；颂诗ContentsAcknowledgementsiiAbstractinEnglishiiiAbstractinChinesevChapter1Introduction11.1 Necessity1.2 GistofofthetheStudyTitle151.3 Theoretical Foundation of the Research51.4 Expected Result of the Research51.5 OutlineoftheThesis6Chapter2 TheoreticalSurvey72.1 Survey of RT7 2.1.1Ge
20、neralIntroductiontoRT72.1.2Cognitive82.1.39 2.1.4InformativeIntentionIntention10 2.1.5andEnvironmentsMutual-manifestnessCommunicativeContextualofEffect102.1.6RelevanceandthePrincipleRelevance112.2 Survey of RT and Poetry Translation122.2.1SurveyofRTandTranslation122.2.2 Survey of RT and Poetry Trans
21、lation152.3 Importance of the Study222.4 Summary23Chapter 3 Study of John Keats243.1 Life of John Keats243.2AestheticTheoriesof273.2.1Beauty273.2.2 Negative Capability29andJohnKeatsTruth3.3 Practice of Aesthetic Theories323.4Summary35Chapter 4 ACaseStudyofRTandChineseTranslation ofKeatss Ode364.1 Su
22、rvey of Translation of“Ode on a Grecian Urn”364.2 A Case Study of RT and Chinese Translation of KeatssOde364.3 Summary52Chapter 5 Conclusion535.1 Main IdeaoftheThesis535.2 Main Findings of theThesis545.3 Theoretical and Practical Significance of RT in PoetryTranslation545.4LimitationsoftheStudyandAd
23、viceforFurtherResearch54Bibliography56Publications60Tables and FiguresTablesTable 1 Papers and theses concerning Keats in CNKI and WanfangData2Table 2 Keatsian study before theWarofResistanceAgainstJapan2Table 3 Translation study of Keatss poems after the founding of PRC3Table 4 Papers and theses co
24、ncerning relevance theory in CNKI and WanfangDataFiguresFigure 1 Relationship between relevance and contextual effect and processingeffortFigure 2 Relationship between source text and translator and targettext14Figure 3 Relationship between relevance types and translation and relevancedegreesFigure
25、4 A formula of form and rhyme transference in poetry translation 21Figure 5 A formula of form and rhyme and information transference in poetrytranslation21Figure 6 A journey of a poet between the real world and the idealworld29Figure 7 Form,rhyme and information relevance of four versions51Chapter 1
26、 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction1.1 Necessity of the Study1.1 Necessity of the StudyJohn Keats(1795-1821),as a great poet of the Age of Romanticism,is heatedly discussed and studied in the field of the British literature in China.According to the data collected from CNKI(China National KnowledgeI
27、nfrastructure)(using the keyword“Keats”contained in the title,1980-2005,November 23,2005),it is found that there are 122 papers published in thedomestic journals,of which 116 papers directly discuss John Keats and hispoems as well.Only one paper is concerned with poetry translation.Anotherdata colle
28、cted from the paper by Liang Xiaodong shows that more than 180papers related with the poetry are published from 2000 to 2004,of which 14papers are studies of John Keats(Liang,2005:36).Unfortunately,there areonly 2 papers discussing the translation of Keatss poems among all thepapers above.According
29、to CNKI and Wanfang Data(using the keyword“Keats”contained in the title,20012005,November 23,2005),there are only tenmaster theses that directly or indirectly study Keats.Chronologically,theseten theses are“Greek Myths Influence on Keatss Poems”,“Keatss negativecapability and his odes”,“Longing and
30、Despairing CriesAn Analysis ofKeats Attitudes towards Love”,“Aspects of John Keats DevelopmentImplied in His Two Spring Odes”,“The Pursuit of BeautyAnalysis ofKeatss Aesthetic Ideas and Aesthetic Practice”,“On the SynaestheticImagery in Keats Odes and its Theoretical Bases”,“A Charming Flower ofTerr
31、or and Beauty”,“Zhuangzi and Keats:Materialization and NegativeCapability”,“John Keats and T.S.Eliot:A Comparative Approach to TheirPoetics”,“From Romanticism to Localism”.It is clear that the above ten theses are only concerned with JohnKeatss poems,his aesthetic theories or the comparative studies
32、 of him withother scholars at home and abroad.However,it is a great pity that there is notany hint of the translation study of John Keats at all in the theses applying forthe Degree of Master of Arts.Table 1 can give a clear picture of the abovediscussion:Table 1 Papers and theses concerning Keats i
33、n CNKI andWanfang Data数据库名称中国期刊全文数据库中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库文献种类期刊论文时间跨度1980200520012005关键词济慈搜索时间2005年11月23日2005年11月23日范围文史哲、教育社会科学文史哲、教育社会科学翻译0诗歌翻译1其他121总数122学位论文济慈001010From the above statistics,we can find that John Keats is mainlystudied in the field of literature.No matter whether papers published in t
34、hejournals or theses written for the master degree of arts,there is a commonfeature that there is not any study of John Keats from the angle of translationat all.On the other hand,Keatss poems have been introduced and translatedfrom 1921 on.Mr.Mao Dun wrote a paper named“In Memory of Keats”inNovel M
35、onthly on May 10,1921.The first translation of Keatss poems is“You Say You Love”by CHL in Novel Monthly on November 10,1923.Mr.Zhu Xiang is the first known scholar who translates Keatss poem,and thepoem translated is“La Belle Dame Sans Merci”.Nine poems of Keats hadbeen translated by 1935.A Collecti
36、on of Guava by Mr.Zhu Xiang waspublished in 1936,in which Keatss six poems were translated.There aresome papers which gave some simple introduction to Keats and sometranslations of his letters at the same time.Unfortunately,our country wasinvolved in the War of Resistance Against Japan in 1937,which
37、 wasfollowed by Chinas War of Liberation.After the founding of The PeoplesRepublic of China,the first collection of John Keatss poems translation isThe Poems of John Keats by Mr.Zha Liangzheng in 1958.Another twopoetry translation collections are Keats Poetical Works by Mr.Zhu Weiji in1983 and The P
38、oetical Works of John Keats by Mr.Tu An in 1997.Apartfrom these collections,there are some other scholars who only translate someof Keatss poems in their respective collections of poetry translation.Table 2and Table 3 can give a clear picture of the study of John Keats and his poemsin China:Table 2
39、Keatsian study before the War of Resistance Against Japan时间1923.11.101924.121925.1.101925.5.181925.12.101928.1.161928.7.221928.9.101929.12.21930.5.161931.41934.91934.10.11935.1.11935.71935.71936译者“CHL”徐志摩朱 湘韦素园朱 湘介 如梁指南李唯建石 民李建新啸 霞李惟健费鉴照傅东华费鉴照费鉴照朱 湘译诗或译信“你说你爱”“夜莺歌”“无情的女郎”“李恩谭与叶爱萝”“秋曲”“情歌”“无题”“夜莺歌”论文
40、来源小说月报小说月报小说月报语丝小说月报北新文学周报新月语丝北新文艺杂志上海中华书局文艺月刊文学文艺月刊文艺月刊商务印书馆译著“济慈的三封信”英国近代诗歌选译“济慈致荫丽的信”“济慈Keats”“夜莺歌”“济慈与莎士比亚”“英国诗人济慈”“济慈的一生”“济慈美的观念”番石榴集“希腊皿曲“等六首Table 3 Translation study of Keatss poems after the founding of PRC时间19581983.11983.31983.41983.91983.919841985.51985.719861987198819891993199519961997.6
41、1997.10199819992002.12002.52003.2译者查良铮朱维基卞之琳吴 岩作者不详作者不详朱炯强，姚暨荣劳坡林钱春绮王秋荣编查良铮陆嘉玉编彭 予黄杲炘马文通顾子欣黄杲炘屠 岸黄杲炘孙大雨傅修延段 方何功杰译著济慈诗选济慈诗选英国诗选在大海边外国诗1外国诗1济慈怎样欣赏英美诗歌春天最初的微笑西方诗苑揽胜英美名诗100篇外国名诗三百首爱的感受英美爱情诗200首英语爱情诗100首济慈诗选英诗300首英国抒情诗选济慈诗选英国抒情诗100首英诗选译集：英汉对照济慈书信集英语浪漫诗歌英美诗歌译诗或译信65首24首1首1首(张秋红译)1首(周珏良译)2首(王以铸译)9首1首(殷宝书译)5
42、首(赵瑞蕻译)1首(赵瑞蕻译)来源人民文学出版社上海译文出版社湖南人民出版社上海译文出版社外国文学出版社外国文学出版社辽宁人民出版社北京出版社上海译文出版社语文出版社商务印书馆长江文艺出版社长江文艺出版社中国对外翻译出版公司桂冠图书公司国际文化出版公司上海译文出版社人民文学出版社上海译文出版社上海外语教育出版社东方出版社安徽科学技术出版社安徽教育出版社1首(赵瑞蕻译)1首1首10首4首80首3首4首170封2首（范晴译）1首2003.32003.82004200420042006.1秦希廉王昕若罗若冰罗若冰罗若冰任士明、张宏国英美抒情诗选译济慈书信选100首人生诗精选100首哲理诗精选100首
43、自然诗精选济慈诗选3首128封1首2首3首39首商务印书馆天津百花文艺出版社四川人民出版社四川人民出版社四川人民出版社安徽文艺出版社All the above papers,translation collections and monographs suggestthat Keats has not been forgotten by scholars in China;it is only a pity thatKeats is seldom studied from the angle of translation.It can also be found that there are
44、some papers and monographs aboutstudies of John Keats abroad,mainly in Britain and America.For example,research papers of Keatss particular poems are“An overview of When IHave Fears that I May Cease to Be”,“An overview of Ode on a GrecianUrn”,“A review of Lamia,Isabella,The Eve of St.Agnes,and Other
45、Poem,“Ode on a Grecian Urn:Overview”,“The Sub-Text of KeatssOde to a Nightingale”,“The Eve of St.Agnes:Overview”,and so on.Asimple introduction to his poem is“An Introduction to The Poems of JohnKeats”.Some papers are also found,which discuss the life of John Keats orpapers of criticism about him,an
46、d they are“An Extract from Life,Letters,and Literary Remains of John Keats”,“Mr.Keats,with a Criticism on HisWritings”,“The Life and Poetry of Keats”,“A Note on John Keats”.Someimportant monographs are also published in the West,for instance,JohnKeats by Walter Bate in 1963,Helen VendlersThe Odes of
47、 John Keats in1983 and James ORourkes Keatss Odes and Contemporary Criticism in1998,and so on.It is quite obvious that Keats and his poems are mainlyexplored in the literature.There is not,or even one paper which discusses theproblem of translation about Keatss poems.All in all,from the studies at h
48、ome and abroad,we cannot find anyclue of the translation study of Keatss odes,so it is necessary to have a studyof translation of John Keatss poems.On the other hand,the study of the JohnKeats from the point of the RT can rarely be found.Data collected fromCNKI(using the keyword“relevance theory”con
49、tained in the title,1992-2005,November 23,2005)show that there are 236 papers published in thejournals,of which 60 papers are related with translation,but there is only 2papers related with poetry translation.Data collected from CNKI(using thekeyword“relevance theory”contained in the title,2000-2005
50、,November 23,2005)show that there are 79 master theses altogether,and there are 37 thesesof them related with translation,and there is only 2 theses related with poetrytranslation.Table 4 can clearly describe the research state in the above:Table 4 Papers and theses concerning relevance theory in CN