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1、初中英语全程知识点总结及练习初一年级（上）【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.Sit down2.on duty3.in English4.have a seat5.at home6.look like7.look at8.have a e on10.at work11.at school12.put on13.look after14.get up15.go shoppingII.重要句型1.help sb.do sth.2.What about?3.Lets do sth.4.Its time to do sth.5.Its time for 6.Whats?It is/Its7.Where is
2、?Its.8.How old are you?Im.9.What class are you in?Im in.10.Welcome to.11.Whats plus?Its.12.I think13.Whos this?This is.14.What can you see？I can see.15.There is(are).16.What colour is it(are they)?Its(Theyre)17.Whose is this?Its.18.What time is it?Its.III.交际用语1.Good morning,Miss/Mr.2.Hello!Hi!3.Nice
3、 to meet you.Nice to meet you,too.4.How are you?Im fine,thank you/thanks.And you?5.See you.See you later.6.Thank you!Youre welcome.7.Goodbye!Bye!8.Whats your name?My name is.9.Here you are.This way,please.10.Whos on duty today?11.Lets do.12.Let me see.IV.重要语法1.动词 be 的用法；2.人称代词和物主代词的用法；3.名词的单复数和所有格的用
4、法；4.冠词的基本用法；5.There be句型的用法。【名师讲解】1.in/on在表示空间位置时，in 表示在某个空间的范围以内，on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。2.this/that/these/those (1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these 是 this 的复数形式。that 常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those时 that 的复数形式。例如：You look in this bo
5、x and Ill look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。I want this car,not that car.我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。Take these books to his room,please.请把这些书拿到他房间去。This is mine;thats yours.这个是我的，那个是你的。These are apples;those are oranges.这些是苹果，那些是橘子。(2)在打电话的用语中，this 常常指的是我，that 常常指的是对方。例如：This is Mary speaking.Whos
6、that?我是玛丽。你是谁？3.There be/haveThere be 有，其确切含意为某处或某时存在某人或某物。其结构是：There be+某人或某物+表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be 动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：(1)There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2)There is a doll in the box.那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3)There are many apples on the tre
7、e.那树上有许多苹果。总之，There be 结构强调的是一种客观存在的有。have 表示拥有，占有，具有，即：某人有某物(sb.have/has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4)I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5)That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4.look/see/watch(1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：Look!The children are playing comp
8、uter games.瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look!Whats that over there?看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词 at，才能带宾语，如：Hes looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see 强调“看”的结果，着重的是look 这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture?你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard.What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重
9、于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4.put on/input on 意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作,后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：Its cold outside,put on your coat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman i
10、n a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John 的妈妈。5.house/home/familyhouse：“房子”，指居住的建筑物;Home:“家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方;Family:“家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home.他不在家。My family all get up early.我们全家都起得很早。6.fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容词表示好之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而
11、后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：(1)fine指物时表示的是质量上的精细，形容人时表示的是身体健康，也可以用来指天气晴朗。例如：Your parents are very fine.你父母身体很健康。Thats a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器。Its a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice 主要侧重于人或物的外表，有美好，漂亮的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice.那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you.见到你很高兴。
12、Its very nice of you.你真好。(3)good 形容人时指品德好，形容物时指质量好，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：Her son is a good student.她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is very good.那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)well 只可用来形容人的身体好，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：Im very well,thanks.我身体很好，谢谢。My friends sing well.我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1.动词 be 的用法；2.人称代词和物主代词的用
13、法；3.名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4.冠词的基本用法；5.There be句型的用法。6.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；7.本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。【中考范例】1.(2004 年北京市中考试题)Mary,please show _ your picture.A.my B.mine C.I D.me【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show 后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me 作宾语。2.(2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题)_ orange on the desk is for you,Mike.
14、A.A B.An C./D.The【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词 the。3.(2004 年哈尔滨市中考试题)-What _ the number of the girls in your class?-About twenty.A.is B.am C.are D.be【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是动词 be 的用法和主谓一致。the number作主语，应该是单数第三人称，动词 be 变为 is。4.(2004 年陕西省中考试题)There _ a football match on TV this evening.A.will hav
15、e B.is going to be C.has D.is going to have【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是 There be句型和动词 have用法区别。There be句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词 have 混在一起用。【满分演练】一.单项填空1.-What colour is the bike?-Its _ orange.A.an B.a C./D.the2.That isnt her bag.Its _.A.my B.I C.mine D.me3.-Oh,your kite is very nice.-_.A.Thats right B.No,its
16、not nice C.Yes,it is D.Thank you4.The woman is sixty,but she _ young.A.is B.sees C.looks D.watches5.Its time _ lunch.Lets go home.A.to B.in C.for D.on6.-_ is your coat?-The black one.A.What B.Where C.Which D.How7.-_ is the toy?-Its on the bed.A.Who B.Where C.What D.Whose8.The shoes are too old.Put _
17、 over there.A.it B.they C.their D.them9.Excuse me.Can you _ my watch,please?A.look B.look like C.look after D.look at10.Look _ the blackboard and listen _ the teacher.A./B.at;to C.after;/D.on;after11.-Whose dress is this?-Its _.A.Lucy B.Lucys C.Jim D.Jims12.The girl _ the purple coat is his sister.A
18、.at B.in C.on D.with13.There is a bird _ the tree.A.in B.on C.to D.of14.There are many _ in our school.A.woman teachers B.woman teacher C.women teacher D.women teachers15.-Is there a ball under the desk?-_.A.Yes,it isB.Yes,theresC.No,there isnt D.No,there is16.There _ some books and a pencil on the
19、desk.A.am B.is C.are D.be17.-Let me help you.-_.A.Youre welcome B.Thanks very muchC.Dont worry D.Yes,thanks18._ old man is _ English teacher.A.The;an B.An;an C.The;the D.A;a19.-What _ five plus six?-Its eleven.A.am B.is C.are D./20.-What _ you see in the picture?-I can see some flowers.A.must B.can
20、C.are D.do二.完形填空This is a picture of Kats _1_.What can we_2_ in the picture?Look_3_ it,please.The man _4_ the black coat is Kates father,Mr.Green.The _5_ in the red sweater is Mrs.Green.They _6_ young.The baby isKate.The little boy is Kates _7_,Jim._8_ the man behind Mrs.Green?Oh,hes _9_ brother,Mr.
21、Read.He _10_ young,too.1.A.families B.family C.parents D.brothers2.A.look B.do C.see D.put3.A.at B.after C.for D.up4.A.on B.of C.in D.to5.A.man B.girl C.women D.woman6.A.are B.is C.look like D.looking7.A.sister B.brother C.father D.aunt8.A.WhatsB.Wheres C.Whos D.How is9.A.his B.her C.our D.their10.A
22、.looks B.am C.look D.very三.在 B 栏中找出 A 栏英语句子的正确答语 (A)(B)1.How are you?A.I am in Row 6.2.Can you spell it,please?B.Fine,thank you.3.How do you do?C.Yes,b-o-o-k,book.4.What row are you in?D.It is ten.5.Whats two plus eight?E.Nice to meet you,too.6.Nice to meet you.F.I am 14.7.How old are you?G.Wang Pin
23、g is.8.Whos not here?H.Its here.9.Where is the bag?I.Its a book.10.What is this in English?J.How do you do?四.完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处Jim:Excuse me,Ann.Whose black dog is this?Is it yours?Ann:Let me have a look._1_.I think its Sams.My dog is brown.Jim:Sam,look at the dog behind the tree._2_?Sam:Sorry
24、,it isnt mine.My dog is black and white.I think it looks like Marys.Jim:_3_?Sam:Shes my friend.Look!Shes over there.Lets go and ask her.Jim:_4_.Sam:Hi,Mary!Is that dog yours?Mary:_5_.Sam:Its a lovely dog!Dont lose it!Mary:Yes,thank you.A.Whos MaryB.OK,lets goC.Oh,no its not mineD.Oh,yes.Its mineE.Is
25、 it yours五.用所给单词的适当形式填空1._(He)pen is in _(I)pencil-box.2._(You)shoes _(be)under the bed.3._(Who)new ruler is this?4.-Are these trousers _(you)?-No,they arent _(we)5.Its time _(go)and play games.6.This is my pen.Please give it to _(I).7.I have two _(baby).8.Look!That is a _(China)car.9.It is _(my tea
26、cher)sweater.10.Now her _(parent)are in America.六.阅读理解 (A)Bob was born in a big and rich family.His father is a university professor.He teachesAmerican history.His mother is a very capable woman.She is the manager of a bigcompany.She earns a lot of money,of course.Bob has two sisters and a brother.H
27、iselder sister,Jenny,is fourteen.She studies in a middle school.His younger sister,Ann,is ten.She studies in a private primary school.She has a very good memory.She isclever.His younger brother,Dick,is only six.He has just started going to school.Bobgets on well with his family.He is on good terms n
28、ot only with his parents,but also withhis sisters and brother.(have a friendly relationship with sb.)He is,in a word,an apple intheir eyes.根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正确地答“A”，错误的答“B”。1.Bob was born in a small and rich family.2.He has two brothers and a sister.3.There are five people in his family.4.Dick is on
29、ly six.He studies in a private primary school.5.“He is an apple in their eyes”means“They love him very much”.(B)Look at the clothes line in the twins bedroom.There are some clothes on it.You can seea green blouse and a yellow skirt.The trousers on the clothes line are black.They arenot new but clean
30、.Are they Lilys clothes?No.I know they are Lucys.Lilys clothes areon a clothes tree near the window.Her trousers are brown,her blouse is white and herskirt is blue.There is a new hat on the clothes tree,but its not Lilys,its Lucys.There isan old hat on Lucys bed in the room,its Lilys.There are no cl
31、othes on the other bed,thebed is Lilys.1.What can you see in the bedroom?I can see _.A.a clothes line B.a tree C.a bed2.What colour are Lucys trousers?They are _.A.green B.black C.brown3.Where is Lucys hat?Its on _.A.the clothes tree B.the clothes line C.lilys bed4.How many beds are there in the roo
32、m?_.A.only one B.three C.two5.Are there any things on Lilys bed?_.A.Yes,there is a hat on itB.No,there is not anything on itC.Sorry,I dont know (C)Its a fine Sunday morning.Ann and her mother are in a big bus.There are many peoplein it.Some of them come from America,and some come from England and Ca
33、nada.They are all their friends.They are going to the Great Wall.There are two Chinese in the bus.One is woman.She is driving the bus.The other isa young man.He speaks good English.He is now talking about the Great Wall.The otherpeople are all listening to him.They like the Great Wall.They want to s
34、ee it very much.1.Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall _.A.by bike B.by car C.by plane D.by bus2.There are _.A.only one Chinese in the bus B.only two Chinese in the bus C.only two Chinese on the bike D.only one Chinese in the car3.The driver is _.A.a man B.a woman C.a Canadian D.an American4.T
35、he people _.A.are singing B.are talking C.are listening D.are looking at the wall5.They _.A.can see the Great Wall B.can speak English very well.C.want to talk with the man very much D.want to see the Great Wall very much初一年级（下）【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.a bottle of2.a little3.a lot(of)4.all day5.be from6.be e e
36、 from9.do ones homework10.do the shopping11.get down12.get home13.get to14.get up15.go shopping16.have a drink of17.have a look18.have breakfast19.have lunch20.have supper21.listen to22.notat all23.putaway24.take off25.throw it like that26.would like27.in the middle of the day28.in the morning/after
37、noon/evening29.on a farm30.in a factoryII.重要句型1.Let sb.do sth.2.Could sb.do sth.?3.would like sth.4.would like to do sth.5.What about something to eat?6.How do you spell?7.May I borrow?III.交际用语1.Thanks very much!Youre welcome.2.Put it/them away.3.Whats wrong?4.I think so.I dont think so.5.I want to
38、take some books to the classroom.6.Give me a bottle of orange juice,please.Please give it/them back tomorrow.OK.9.Whats your favourite sport?10.Dont worry.11.Im(not)good at basketball.12.Do you want a go?13.Thats right./Thats all right./All right.14.Do you have a dictionary/any dictionaries?Yes,I do
39、./No,I dont.15.We/They have some CDs.We/They dont have any CDs.16.-What day is it today/tomorrow?-Its Monday.17.-May I borrow your colour pens,please?-Certainly.Here you are.18.-Where are you from?-From Beijing.19.Whats your telephone number in New York?20.-Do you like hot dogs?-Yes,I do.(A little./
40、A lot./Very much.)-No,I dont.(I dont like them at all.)21.-What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22.-When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23.-What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00.IV.重要语法1.人称代词的用法；2.祈使句；
41、3.现在进行时的构成和用法；4动词 have的用法；5一般现在时构成和用法；6可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法【名师讲解】1.Thats right./Thats all right./All right.Thats right 意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如：I think we must help the old man.我想我们应该帮助这位老人。Thats right.或 Youre right.说得对。Thats all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如：Many thanks.Thats all righ
42、t.Sorry.Its broken.Thats all right.All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”Please tell me about it.请把此事告诉我。All right.好吧。Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗2.make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make 指做东西或制东西，do 指做一件具体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me?你能为我做个纸船吗？Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。3
43、.say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：“I want to go there by bus”,he said.他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English.请用英语说。speak:“说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词(即后面不能直接接宾语)。如：Can you speak about him?你能不能说说他的情况？I dont like to speak like this.我不喜欢这样说话。speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当
44、使用词汇的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好。talk:与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词，不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to talk to him about it.我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。tell:“告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：Hes telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。tell a lie
45、撒谎tell sb.to do sth./tell sb.not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4.do cooking/do the cookingdo cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some,much修饰。从 do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some writing
46、写些东西do some fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some,much或定冠词。go shopping 去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船go swimming 去游泳5.like doing sth./like to do sth.like doing sth.与 like to do sth.意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：He likes playing football,but he doesnt like to play football with
47、Li Ming.他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。6.other/others/the other/anotherother 表其余的，别的，Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?others 别的人，别的东西 In the room some people are American,the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。the other 表另一个（二者之中）one，the otherOne of my two brothers studies English,the other studies Chine
48、se.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。another 表三者以上的另一个，另一些There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。7.in the tree/on the treein the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为在树上但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用 on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree.那棵树上有些苹果。There is a
49、 bird in the tree.那棵树上有只鸟。8.some/any(1)some 和 any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。some 常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glass.(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用 some。如：Would you like some tea?9.tall/high(1)说人，
50、动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用 high，例如 a tall woman 一个高个子妇女 a tall horse 一个高大的马(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用 tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如：He is high up in the tree.他高高地爬在树上。The plane is so high in the sky.飞机在空中这么高。(3)指建筑物、山时要 tall或 high 都可以，不过 high 的程度比 tall 高。(4)high 可作副词，tall 不能。(5)tall 的反义词为 short,high的反义词