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1、个别化教学在初中英语课堂上的运用摘 要：个别化教学是适应学生的个体差异、发展学生个性的一种教学方法，其本质就是根据学生身心发展的特点，采取有利于学生发展的、适应学生特点的教学方法进行教学，其核心是让每一个学生的个性得到全面发展，不使任何一个学生掉队。教师在教学中只有恰当地运用个别化教学策略，才能彰显教学对于学生成长的特殊意义，让每一个学生得到充分自由的发展。 关键词：个别化教学；个别化教学的运用；初中英语The Application of the Individualized Instruction in Junior Middle School English ClassUndergrad
2、uate: Ma WenhuaSupervisor: Ma ShibiAbstract: Individualized instruction is a teaching method which focuses on the individual differences of students and the development of the students individuality. Individualized instruction, according to the characteristics of the physical and mental development
3、of students, adopts an adaptable way that can help students improve themselves. Its core is to make every student get all-round development of personality without any of the students falling behind. Teachers should use proper individualized teaching method, which has very special significance for st
4、udents growth, and fully free development.Key words: Individualized instruction; the application of individualized instruction; middle school English classContents1. Introduction12. Individualized instruction12.1 A brief introduction to individualized instruction22.2 Significance23. The basic princi
5、ples of individual instruction33.1 The principle of comprehensive development33.2 The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude33.3 The principle of respecting differences33.4 Incentive principle43.5 Gradual principle44. The precondition of individualized instruction44.1 The e
6、nvironmental conditions of individualized instruction in middle schools44.1.1 Small-class teaching54.1.2 Stratified teaching54.1.3 Class reorganization54.2 The requirements for teachers to carry out individualized instruction54.3 The requirements for students in order to carry out individualized ins
7、truction65. The application of the individualized instruction in middle schools.65.1 A case study report of a middle school English teachers implementation of individualized instruction75.2 Lesson plans based on theory of individualized instruction in middle school96. Conclusion13Bibliography14Ackno
8、wledgments15.1. IntroductionJunior middle school stage is the transition stage from primary school to high school, which is the key part in students growing. In this period, students plasticity is extremely strong. They have strong desires to learn, and they have dramatic changes in physiological an
9、d psychological aspects. The middle school students have already different life experience, family background, and educational experiences. So they have different personalities, learning foundations, learning methods and different learning abilities. In other words, their English standard is jagged.
10、 The traditional class teaching system speeds up the process of human civilization and improves the teaching efficiency. In the process of class teaching system, teachers have class following the lesson plan which is one and the same in the class. Traditional class teaching system is difficult to pa
11、y fully attention to each students individual difference and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Therefore, studying how to apply individualized instruction to the practice of teaching foreign language, making up for the disadvantages of collective teaching, has very important practica
12、l significance. My papers have researched the use of individualized instruction in middle school English class, which is in accordance with the theory of Vygotsky“Zone of Proximal Development”, Gardners Multi-intelligence theory and Babanskys theory of the teaching process optimization. The individu
13、alized instruction is used widely home and abroad. For example, the Second Affiliated Middle School of Shanghai Normal University divided students into A, B, C three different levels accord with their ability and grades in Math and English course. The A level lay emphasis on consolidation and extens
14、ion; the C level needs to complete the basic requirement of syllabus, and teachers could adjust teaching progress properly or focus on individual counseling. Therefore, teacher should choose different methods and measures according to the different learning situation of students.2. Individualized in
15、struction Individualized instruction plays an important role in the education of middle school. School and teacher should understand students individual differences and use individualized instruction well.2.1 A brief introduction to individualized teachingIndividualized instruction refers to the ind
16、ividualized teaching model or method. In the teaching process, the same teaching material and teaching methods are not appropriate for thevarious degreesofmiddle school students. Teachers ought to design different teaching plan for individual ability, interest, necessary and possible difficultiesThe
17、 core concept of “English curriculum standard” is people-oriented. It emphasizes that teaching needs face to all students, and pays attention to each student. For different students, in fact, the standard of language learning is a far cry. One of reason is that the learners individual difference aff
18、ects the learning progress and learning outcome directly or indirectly. Therefore, the teacher should teach students in accordance of their aptitude in the teaching process, and make students in different levels learn English adequately. In the student-centered teaching concept, we must promote stud
19、ents all-round development, and probe actively the development of the students individuality and democracy. In the process of the development students, teachers should provide each student with the individual teaching and high quality teaching.Individualized instruction faces to all students and lay
20、s emphasis on individuality, which is a kind of teaching concept or method between collective and individual teaching. It breaks the traditional education pattern and implements the teaching concept of teaching student according with their aptitude”. Considering the individual difference of students
21、, individualized instruction adopts flexible teaching methods to meet the demands of different students as much as possible. It not only pays attention to the imparting of knowledge, but also emphasizes the learners psychological factors such as emotion, attitude and personality in the learning proc
22、ess. Individualized instructions aim is to tap each students learning potential and make every student get comprehensive development in the process of learning.2.2 Significance The new curriculum standard calls for that the junior middle school English teaching should face to all students and improv
23、e the comprehensive quality of students. Meanwhile, it needs to respect the individual differences of students and implement the personality development on the basis of the comprehensive development Practicing proves that each student can develop in the direction as teachers expect as long as there
24、is more observation, caring, and appropriate measures taken by teachers. Individualized instruction embodies the spirit of people-oriented, to improve the teaching quality and promote the individual development of every student.Carrying out individualized instruction is conducive to changing the tea
25、ching concept of English teachers in middle schools. It is beneficial to strengthen students interest in learning English and let students actively participate in language practice. Carrying out individualized instruction can arouse greatly the enthusiasm of students and makes the classroom full of
26、vigor. In this kind of class, teachers and students will put themselves into class and grow in class; in this kind of class, students personality get development and teachers labor will get sublimation.3. The basic principles of individual instructionIndividualized instruction is required to be a sy
27、stematic project with the development of era. Individualized instruction plays an important role in junior middle school English class. When we are implementing individualized teaching, we must follow five principles: the principles of comprehensive development, the principle of teaching students in
28、 accordance with their aptitudes, the principle of respecting differences, the incentive principle, and gradual principle. 3.1 The principle of comprehensive developmentIndividualized instruction radically faces to whole students and promotes the all-round development of each students personality. I
29、t is the basic requirements of Marxism about mans integrated development. It is also the value of education itself. On the one hand, comprehensive development faces to every student and each student should be taught equally according with their characteristics. On the other hand, comprehensive devel
30、opment focuses on the development of students personality, which is the basis of comprehensive development. Personality development pays attention to students physical and mental characteristic, which can develop students individuality and promote comprehensive development.3.2 The principle of teach
31、ing students in accordance with their aptitudeMultiple intelligence theory holds that mans intelligence is multiple, and human brain has seven intellectual abilities, some people have eight intellectual abilities, some people highlight several abilities but not some other.In the process of human dev
32、elopment, different people are intelligent in different aspects, and there is no one who is more intelligent than others, that is to say, everyone is unique. So education should teach students according to their intelligence characteristics and their aptitude, to make students potential get full dev
33、eloped.The important task of classroom teaching system is to make students acquire knowledge and skills, and to solve the actual problems. Therefore, the teaching goals designing; the choice of teaching contents and teaching methods is related to the original knowledge skills and the development of
34、students potential.3.3 The principle of respecting differencesStudents individual difference exists objectively. They have different education background. The individual difference shows all aspects, such as physiological differences: height, weight, speed, endurance; and mental differences: persona
35、lity, temperament, abilities, interests, emotions, volition and so on. Some students are good at study, but they lack of social ability. In the teaching process, these individual differences have different manifestations and characteristics for different students, such as effort, reaction rate, and
36、the degree of understanding the teaching content. These elements affect strongly students learning efficiency.Above all, teachers should respect students difference and take measures to promote the development of each students initiative in the whole teaching process, according to students various d
37、ifferences. The principle can improve teaching efficiency.3.4 Incentive principleIncentive principle refers to stimulate students learning motivation, inducing students learning behavior, and develop students internal potential. In the teaching process, teachers must respect students subjectivity an
38、d emphasizes student-centered. Incentive principle demands that teacher needs to arouse the enthusiasm of students and advocate displaying the humanity; improving the quality of teachers and students in classroom teaching. It can promote development between teachers and students. 3.5 Gradual princip
39、leGradual principle refers to the teaching process must follow the logic of scientific system and the developmental sequence of students perceiving. Gradual principle needs to make students know basic knowledge and skill systematically, forming a rigorous logical thinking ability. People cannot unde
40、rstand things at the first time. Peoples understanding of objective things is from simple to multifarious, junior to senior, and specific to abstract. Likewise, the grown, development, and students intelligence level is also a gradual process.4. The precondition of individualized instruction To carr
41、y out individualized instruction, on the one hand, teachers should set up the individualized instruction concept and change the traditional assessment standards. It needs to take some measures, such as, small-class teaching, class reorganization, stratified teaching. On the other hand, teachers shou
42、ld create a better condition and learning strategy in the teaching process to carry out flexible individualized instruction. Then, the teaching environment is one of the important factors in English teaching. Good English teaching environment can make teachers activity efficiency. 4.1 The environmen
43、tal conditions of individualized instruction in middle schoolsIndividualized instruction requires that teaching should focus on the learners individual development. In the school environment, all of the teaching content, teaching means, teaching media, and teaching methods and so on, must satisfy ea
44、ch students learning needs. School need reduce class sizes, dividing class into small class, stratified teaching or class reorganization.4.1.1 Small-class teachingSmall-class is a teaching form that adapts to teach students according to their aptitude. Small-class teaching follows to the requirement
45、s of the individualized instruction in junior school. It is a reform of promoting the quality of education. The educational law rules that there are 15 to 25 students in small-class. It is carried out widely in developing country. At present, small-class teaching is popular in some big cities in our
46、 country. The educational quality emphasizes that the harmonious and comprehensive development of students is considerable. Small-class teaching promotes the development of students individual aspects, trying to provide students full and high-quality teaching makes parents or student satisfying. In
47、small-class, teacher can understand students learning situation and makes different plan to cultivate them well, and every student could be developed comprehensively. So in small-class, it can display individualized instruction well.4.1.2 Stratified teaching.Stratified teaching sets different teachi
48、ng requirements based on the objective existence of students difference. Using different teaching methods is to make each student learn English well in the most suitable learning environment. Stratified teaching takes full advantage of the Vigotskys theory-“the Zone of Proximal Development”, which holds that student has two kinds of developmental aspects. Firstly, students existing competence that students can deal with some problems independently; secondly, it is the competence that students can deal with pro