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1、关于老人身体健康的注意事项第1页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二中国内地十大老年慢性病中国内地十大老年慢性病Top 10 Chronic Diseases in Chinese Elderly(Mainland)Top 10 Chronic Diseases in Chinese Elderly(Mainland)Top 10 Chronic Diseases in Chinese Elderly(Mainland)Top 10 Chronic Diseases in Chinese Elderly(Mainland)病名病名病名病名(Diseases)(Diseases)(Diseases)(D
2、iseases)IncidenceIncidenceIncidenceIncidence脑卒中脑卒中脑卒中脑卒中StrokeStrokeStrokeStroke200/100,000/yr200/100,000/yr200/100,000/yr200/100,000/yr高血压高血压高血压高血压HypertensionHypertensionHypertensionHypertension40%45%60gr40%45%60gr40%45%60gr40%45%60gr冠心病冠心病冠心病冠心病Coronary Heart Disease,CHDCoronary Heart Disease,CHD
3、Coronary Heart Disease,CHDCoronary Heart Disease,CHD4%7%40gr4%7%40gr4%7%40gr4%7%40gr糖尿病糖尿病糖尿病糖尿病DiabetesDiabetesDiabetesDiabetes6.51%7.98%6.51%7.98%6.51%7.98%6.51%7.98%慢性阻塞性肺病慢性阻塞性肺病慢性阻塞性肺病慢性阻塞性肺病COPDCOPDCOPDCOPD3%3%3%3%骨性关节炎骨性关节炎骨性关节炎骨性关节炎Osteoarthritis.OAOsteoarthritis.OAOsteoarthritis.OAOsteoarth
4、ritis.OAO.A.Knee 49%O.A.Knee 49%O.A.Knee 49%O.A.Knee 49%骨质疏松症骨质疏松症骨质疏松症骨质疏松症OsteoporosisOsteoporosisOsteoporosisOsteoporosis11%11%11%11%帕金森病帕金森病帕金森病帕金森病ParkinsonismParkinsonismParkinsonismParkinsonism1.6%(Female),1.6%(Female),1.6%(Female),1.6%(Female),1.7%(male)65yr1.7%(male)65yr1.7%(male)65yr1.7%(m
5、ale)65yr老年性痴呆老年性痴呆老年性痴呆老年性痴呆DementiaDementiaDementiaDementia4.8%AD4.8%AD4.8%AD4.8%AD抑郁抑郁抑郁抑郁DepressionDepressionDepressionDepression2%30%2%30%2%30%2%30%第2页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二1010种与心理种与心理-行为因素有密切关系的慢性病行为因素有密切关系的慢性病Chronic Diseases with psychological-behavioral status Chronic Diseases with psychological-be
6、havioral status Chronic Diseases with psychological-behavioral status Chronic Diseases with psychological-behavioral status(PBS)as etiological or exacerbating factor(PBS)as etiological or exacerbating factor(PBS)as etiological or exacerbating factor(PBS)as etiological or exacerbating factor病名病名病名病名(
7、diseases)(diseases)(diseases)(diseases)心理心理心理心理-行为因素影响行为因素影响行为因素影响行为因素影响Impact Factors by Impact Factors by Impact Factors by Impact Factors by PBS PBS PBS PBS 相关的心理相关的心理相关的心理相关的心理-行为状态行为状态行为状态行为状态(Related PBS)(Related PBS)(Related PBS)(Related PBS)脑卒中脑卒中脑卒中脑卒中strokestrokestrokestroke+情绪激动、精神压力情绪激动、
8、精神压力情绪激动、精神压力情绪激动、精神压力extreme emotional extreme emotional extreme emotional extreme emotional response,stressresponse,stressresponse,stressresponse,stress冠心病冠心病冠心病冠心病CHDCHDCHDCHD+Type A Behavior(AType A Behavior(AType A Behavior(AType A Behavior(A型型型型行为行为行为行为)恐惧恐惧恐惧恐惧(Fear)(Fear)(Fear)(Fear)depressi
9、on,Anxiety depression,Anxiety depression,Anxiety depression,Anxiety 抑郁、焦虑抑郁、焦虑抑郁、焦虑抑郁、焦虑胃、十二指肠溃汤病胃、十二指肠溃汤病胃、十二指肠溃汤病胃、十二指肠溃汤病Peptic UlcerPeptic UlcerPeptic UlcerPeptic Ulcer+StressStressStressStress应激应激应激应激TensionTensionTensionTension紧张紧张紧张紧张第3页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二病名病名病名病名(diseases)(diseases)(diseases)(dis
10、eases)心理心理心理心理-行为因素影响行为因素影响行为因素影响行为因素影响Impact Factors by Impact Factors by Impact Factors by Impact Factors by PBS PBS PBS PBS 相关的心理相关的心理相关的心理相关的心理-行为状行为状行为状行为状态态态态(Related PBS)(Related PBS)(Related PBS)(Related PBS)紧张性头痛、颈痛、腰紧张性头痛、颈痛、腰紧张性头痛、颈痛、腰紧张性头痛、颈痛、腰痛痛痛痛+Tension Tension Tension Tension 紧张紧张紧张紧
11、张StressStressStressStress应激应激应激应激原发性纤维肌痛综合征原发性纤维肌痛综合征原发性纤维肌痛综合征原发性纤维肌痛综合征(FMS)(FMS)(FMS)(FMS)+StressStressStressStress应激应激应激应激糖尿病糖尿病糖尿病糖尿病DiabetesDiabetesDiabetesDiabetes+AnxietyAnxietyAnxietyAnxiety焦虑焦虑焦虑焦虑depressiondepressiondepressiondepression激惹性结肠综合征激惹性结肠综合征激惹性结肠综合征激惹性结肠综合征（ICSICSICSICS）+焦虑，应激焦
12、虑，应激焦虑，应激焦虑，应激慢性疲劳综合征慢性疲劳综合征慢性疲劳综合征慢性疲劳综合征（CFSCFSCFSCFS）+抑郁抑郁抑郁抑郁depressiondepressiondepressiondepression癌症癌症癌症癌症CancerCancerCancerCancer精神创伤、强迫行为精神创伤、强迫行为精神创伤、强迫行为精神创伤、强迫行为第4页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二心理健康和身体健康Mental Health and Physical Healthl lA sound mind in a sound body(A sound mind in a sound body(健全的精神寓于
13、健全的精神寓于健全的身体健全的身体)l lMore people are sick because they are More people are sick because they are unhappy than unhappy because they are sick.unhappy than unhappy because they are sick.(比起那些因患病而心情不舒畅的人来说比起那些因患病而心情不舒畅的人来说,有更多有更多人是因心情不舒畅而患病人是因心情不舒畅而患病 )第5页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二心理因素的病理生理效应Pathophysiological effe
14、cts of psychological statusPathophysiological effects of psychological statusl l On arteriosclerosis(On arteriosclerosis(On arteriosclerosis(On arteriosclerosis(对动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的影响对动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的影响对动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的影响对动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的影响)Sudden and transient stressful events involve with the dysfunction of Sudden a
15、nd transient stressful events involve with the dysfunction of Sudden and transient stressful events involve with the dysfunction of Sudden and transient stressful events involve with the dysfunction of endothelium and the adhesion of the plateletsendothelium and the adhesion of the plateletsendothel
16、ium and the adhesion of the plateletsendothelium and the adhesion of the platelets 短暂的应激事件与内皮功能不良及血小板粘附有关短暂的应激事件与内皮功能不良及血小板粘附有关短暂的应激事件与内皮功能不良及血小板粘附有关短暂的应激事件与内皮功能不良及血小板粘附有关l lPhobia might be associated with the development of acute Phobia might be associated with the development of acute Phobia might
17、 be associated with the development of acute Phobia might be associated with the development of acute myocardial infarct.myocardial infarct.myocardial infarct.myocardial infarct.恐怖症与急性心肌梗死发生和发展有关恐怖症与急性心肌梗死发生和发展有关恐怖症与急性心肌梗死发生和发展有关恐怖症与急性心肌梗死发生和发展有关l lDepression will enhance the painful and distress fe
18、eling of the Depression will enhance the painful and distress feeling of the Depression will enhance the painful and distress feeling of the Depression will enhance the painful and distress feeling of the patients with chronic diseases patients with chronic diseases patients with chronic diseases pa
19、tients with chronic diseases 抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不适的感觉抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不适的感觉抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不适的感觉抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不适的感觉第6页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二心理因素与免疫功能Immunity Function and Psychological statusl l 情绪抑郁会抑制免疫系统功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患某些感情绪抑郁会抑制免疫系统功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患某些感情绪抑郁会抑制免疫系统功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患某些感情绪抑郁会抑制免疫系统功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患某些感染性疾病，如感冒染性疾病，如感冒染性疾病，如感
20、冒染性疾病，如感冒Depression inhibits immunological system.A person with Depression inhibits immunological system.A person with Depression inhibits immunological system.A person with Depression inhibits immunological system.A person with depression might be susceptible to some infections,e.g.depression might
21、 be susceptible to some infections,e.g.depression might be susceptible to some infections,e.g.depression might be susceptible to some infections,mon cold.(Berkow et al.1999)common cold.(Berkow et al.1999)common cold.(Berkow et al.1999)common cold.(Berkow et al.1999)l l 情绪的改善（尤其欢乐、满足感）能加强免疫系统的功能，促进癌症
22、情绪的改善（尤其欢乐、满足感）能加强免疫系统的功能，促进癌症情绪的改善（尤其欢乐、满足感）能加强免疫系统的功能，促进癌症情绪的改善（尤其欢乐、满足感）能加强免疫系统的功能，促进癌症等的康复。等的康复。等的康复。等的康复。A better mood improves the function of immunological system,A better mood improves the function of immunological system,A better mood improves the function of immunological system,A better m
23、ood improves the function of immunological system,e.g.in anticancer(Levy et al.1998)e.g.in anticancer(Levy et al.1998)e.g.in anticancer(Levy et al.1998)e.g.in anticancer(Levy et al.1998)第7页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二l l生活不过于紧张，情绪不过于激动，有助于加强免疫机制，（应激能降生活不过于紧张，情绪不过于激动，有助于加强免疫机制，（应激能降生活不过于紧张，情绪不过于激动，有助于加强免疫机制，（应激能降生
24、活不过于紧张，情绪不过于激动，有助于加强免疫机制，（应激能降低免疫系统功能）低免疫系统功能）低免疫系统功能）低免疫系统功能）A lifestyle with less emotional tension and agitation is A lifestyle with less emotional tension and agitation is A lifestyle with less emotional tension and agitation is A lifestyle with less emotional tension and agitation is helpful fo
25、r enhancing immunological mechanismhelpful for enhancing immunological mechanismhelpful for enhancing immunological mechanismhelpful for enhancing immunological mechanisml l心理和神经系统，内分泌系统、免疫系统的细胞之间，通过生量心理和神经系统，内分泌系统、免疫系统的细胞之间，通过生量心理和神经系统，内分泌系统、免疫系统的细胞之间，通过生量心理和神经系统，内分泌系统、免疫系统的细胞之间，通过生量信息相互影响，通过信息相互影响
26、，通过信息相互影响，通过信息相互影响，通过“心理神经免疫学心理神经免疫学心理神经免疫学心理神经免疫学”的研究，将能更多揭示心的研究，将能更多揭示心的研究，将能更多揭示心的研究，将能更多揭示心理状态通过神经系统的中介而影响免疫系统功能。理状态通过神经系统的中介而影响免疫系统功能。理状态通过神经系统的中介而影响免疫系统功能。理状态通过神经系统的中介而影响免疫系统功能。A new branch of science psychoneuroimmunology.PNI.will A new branch of science psychoneuroimmunology.PNI.will A new b
27、ranch of science psychoneuroimmunology.PNI.will A new branch of science psychoneuroimmunology.PNI.will reveal the interaction and effects between psychological reveal the interaction and effects between psychological reveal the interaction and effects between psychological reveal the interaction and
28、 effects between psychological status and immunological responses through neurohoumonal status and immunological responses through neurohoumonal status and immunological responses through neurohoumonal status and immunological responses through neurohoumonal mechanism.mechanism.mechanism.mechanism.第
29、8页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二慢性病者常有的负性心理和情绪慢性病者常有的负性心理和情绪Negative psychological profiles commonly seen in Negative psychological profiles commonly seen in patients with chronic diseasespatients with chronic diseases抑郁抑郁DepressioDepression n心理性依赖心理性依赖Psychological dependencePsychological dependence焦虑焦虑AnxietyAnxi
30、ety心理性紧张心理性紧张TensionTension恐惧恐惧PhobiaPhobia应激（心理应激（心理-社会）社会）StressStress悲观悲观PessimismPessimism孤癖、离群心理孤癖、离群心理Psychological Psychological withdrawalwithdrawal第9页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二以心理健康促进身体健康以心理健康促进身体健康帮助和鼓励慢性病者不仅注意增进身体上的健康，帮助和鼓励慢性病者不仅注意增进身体上的健康，也要注意增进心理上的健康，而且要善于以心理上的健康也要注意增进心理上的健康，而且要善于以心理上的健康促进身体上的健康。促进
31、身体上的健康。People with Chronic Diseases should make People with Chronic Diseases should make their best to improve mental health as well as their best to improve mental health as well as physical health.Everybody should try to physical health.Everybody should try to facilitate physical health with menta
32、l health.facilitate physical health with mental health.第10页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二改善心理状态促进心理健康的六大措施改善心理状态促进心理健康的六大措施Ten steps towards mental healthTen steps towards mental health1.1.松弛疗法松弛疗法 Relaxation therapyRelaxation therapy2.2.应激控制应激控制 Management of stressManagement of stress3.3.心理辅导心理辅导 Psychology couns
33、elingPsychology counseling4.4.行为及性格改变行为及性格改变 Modification of personalityModification of personality5.5.社会支持社会支持 Social support Social support 6.6.药物治疗药物治疗 MedicationMedication第11页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二松弛疗法松弛疗法Relaxation TherapyRelaxation Therapy1.1.运动松弛法运动松弛法 exercise(Tai Chi,walking,swimming)exercise(Tai C
34、hi,walking,swimming)2.2.按摩松弛法按摩松弛法 massage(self-massage,sedative,massage(self-massage,sedative,therapeutic massage)therapeutic massage)3.3.气功松弛法气功松弛法 Chi Kung,Transcendental Chi Kung,Transcendental meditationmeditation4.4.音乐松弛法音乐松弛法 Music Therapy(sedative,Music Therapy(sedative,anxiolytic,relaxing)a
35、nxiolytic,relaxing)5.5.温浴松弛法温浴松弛法 Hydrotherapy(warm spa)Hydrotherapy(warm spa)第12页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二6.6.文娱松弛法文娱松弛法 recreation(dancing,hiking,recreation(dancing,hiking,relaxing sports)relaxing sports)7.7.书画松弛法书画松弛法 calligraphy and paintingcalligraphy and painting8.8.作业松弛法作业松弛法 occupational therapy(arts a
36、nd occupational therapy(arts and crafts)crafts)9.9.度假松弛法度假松弛法 Resort vacationResort vacation10.10.饮食松弛法饮食松弛法 Herbal food therapy(sedative)Herbal food therapy(sedative)第13页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二应激控制应激控制Stress ControlStress Control1.1.1.1.“EscapeEscape”from the stressor from the stressor from the stressor fro
37、m the stressor 离开应激原离开应激原离开应激原离开应激原(人、地、事人、地、事人、地、事人、地、事)(stressful event,daily hassel,unpleasant(stressful event,daily hassel,unpleasant environment)environment)2.Speak it out,2.Speak it out,2.Speak it out,2.Speak it out,说出烦恼、不满、焦虑说出烦恼、不满、焦虑(to make adequate(to make adequate(to make adequate(to mak
38、e adequate emotional expression)emotional expression)emotional expression)emotional expression)3.Relaxation technique,e.g.Relaxed Kung Fu(RKF)3.Relaxation technique,e.g.Relaxed Kung Fu(RKF)(Chi Kung)(Chi Kung)练习松静功及其他，松弛疗法练习松静功及其他，松弛疗法练习松静功及其他，松弛疗法练习松静功及其他，松弛疗法RKF=Relaxed positioning+relaxed breathi
39、ng+relaxed mind RKF=Relaxed positioning+relaxed breathing+relaxed mind RKF=Relaxed positioning+relaxed breathing+relaxed mind RKF=Relaxed positioning+relaxed breathing+relaxed mind(静身静身+静息静息+静心静心)4.Seek for assistance to discuss and solve the problem4.Seek for assistance to discuss and solve the pro
40、blem4.Seek for assistance to discuss and solve the problem4.Seek for assistance to discuss and solve the problem寻寻求援助减压（向亲友、同事、有关机构）求援助减压（向亲友、同事、有关机构）第14页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二心理辅导心理辅导Psychological CounselingPsychological Counseling1.Explaining the disease/injury,implication,1.Explaining the disease/injury,
41、implication,prognosis.prognosis.2.Answering the questions raised by the 2.Answering the questions raised by the clients.clients.3.Giving advice on modifying lifestyle.3.Giving advice on modifying lifestyle.4.Giving advice on behavioral adjustment.4.Giving advice on behavioral adjustment.第15页，讲稿共18张，
42、创作于星期二性格及行为改变性格及行为改变M Modification of Personality and Behaviorodification of Personality and Behaviorn n以弛代张以弛代张以弛代张以弛代张 Do be relaxed instead of being tensed up Do be relaxed instead of being tensed up Do be relaxed instead of being tensed up Do be relaxed instead of being tensed up n n以静代躁以静代躁以静代躁
43、以静代躁 Do be calm instead of being nervousDo be calm instead of being nervousDo be calm instead of being nervousDo be calm instead of being nervousn n以缓代急以缓代急以缓代急以缓代急 Do be at ease instead of being in a hurryDo be at ease instead of being in a hurryDo be at ease instead of being in a hurryDo be at eas
44、e instead of being in a hurryn n以稳代乱以稳代乱以稳代乱以稳代乱 Do be steady instead of being disorderlyDo be steady instead of being disorderlyDo be steady instead of being disorderlyDo be steady instead of being disorderlyn n以适代全以适代全以适代全以适代全 Do be satisfied with adequate performance instead of pursuing Do be sat
45、isfied with adequate performance instead of pursuing Do be satisfied with adequate performance instead of pursuing Do be satisfied with adequate performance instead of pursuing completenesscompletenesscompletenesscompleteness第16页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二社会支持社会支持Social SupportSocial Support来自家庭、朋友、同事和社会的心理支持（关来
46、自家庭、朋友、同事和社会的心理支持（关心、劝导、鼓励），对缓解轻至中度抑郁状态，有良心、劝导、鼓励），对缓解轻至中度抑郁状态，有良好的效果。好的效果。社会支持对改变不良生活方式，从而改善心理状社会支持对改变不良生活方式，从而改善心理状态，减轻疾病危险，有重要意义。态，减轻疾病危险，有重要意义。Social support from family,colleagues,Social support from family,colleagues,friends has positive effects on reducing mild friends has positive effects on reducing mild depression and quitting bad lifestyle habits.depression and quitting bad lifestyle habits.第17页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第18页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期二