《肌松药的临床应用 (2)精选PPT.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《肌松药的临床应用 (2)精选PPT.ppt(45页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、关于肌松药的临床应用(2)第1页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二概概 述述 肌松药是全麻中重要的辅助用药肌松药是全麻中重要的辅助用药 肌松药是麻醉药吗?肌松药是麻醉药吗?不是不是 1942年以前年以前 深麻醉深麻醉-良好肌松良好肌松 1942年箭毒应用于临床,临床麻醉就发生了革命年箭毒应用于临床,临床麻醉就发生了革命性的变化:性的变化:浅麻醉浅麻醉+肌松药肌松药-良好肌松良好肌松第2页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Awareness 术中知晓(术中知晓(awareness)是一种严重)是一种严重的全麻术中并发症,会给病人造成巨大的全麻术中并发症,会给病人造成巨大的精神损害。尤其易发生于肌松药应用的精
2、神损害。尤其易发生于肌松药应用不当的全麻麻醉中。不当的全麻麻醉中。第3页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二临床常用肌松药临床常用肌松药n去极化肌松药去极化肌松药琥珀胆碱琥珀胆碱suxamethonium,succinylcholine,scolinen非去极化肌松药非去极化肌松药潘库溴铵潘库溴铵pancuronium,pavulon维库溴铵维库溴铵vecuronium阿曲库铵阿曲库铵atracurium,tracrium哌库溴铵哌库溴铵pipecuronium罗库溴铵罗库溴铵rocuronium美维松美维松mivacurium第4页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二SuccinycholinenDosag
3、e:1-1.5mg/kg,repeated small dose 10mg or 1g in 500 or 1000ml,titrated to effectnSide effects and clinical considerations:A.Cardiovascular B.Fasciculations C.Hyperkalemia D.Muscle pains E.Intragastric pressure elevation F.Intraocular pressure elevation G.Generalized contractions H.Prolonged paralysis
4、 I.Intracranial pressure 第5页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Tubocurarine(筒箭毒碱)nDosage for intubation:0.5-0.6mg/kg for intra-operative:0.15mg/kg 0.05mg/kgnSide effects and clinical considerations:hypotension and tachycardia 第6页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Metocurine甲筒箭毒nDosage For intubation:0.3mg/kg For intraoperative:0.08mg/kg 0.0
5、3mg/kgnSide effects and clinical considerations:Hypotension tachycardia,bronchospasm,allergic reactions第7页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二AtracuriumnDosage For intubation:0.5mg/kg For intraoperative:0.25mg/kg 0.1mg/kg every 10-20minnSide effects and clinical considerations:It must be stored at 2-8.laudanosine (N-甲基四氢
6、罂粟碱)toxicity 第8页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二CistracuriumnDosageFor intubation:0.1-0.15mg/kg within 2minFor infusion:1-2g/kg/minnSide effects and clinical considerations:Laudanosine toxicity,pH and temperature sensitivity,and chemical incompatibility(alkaline solution such as thiopental precipitate)第9页,讲稿共45张,创作于星
7、期二MivacuriumnDosage For intubation:0.1-0.2mg/kg For infusion:4-10g/kg/minnSide effects and clinical considerations:第10页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Doxacurium(多沙氯铵)nDosage For intubation:0.05mg/kg within 5min For intraoperative:0.02mg/kg 0.005mg/kgnSide effects and clinical considerations:Devoid of cardiovascular
8、and histamine-releasing side effects.Duration time:60-90minOnset time slower:4-6min第11页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二PancuroniumnDosage For intubation:0.08-0.12mg/kg For intraoperative:0.04mg/kg 20-40min 0.01mg/kgnSide effects and clinical considerations:It must be stored at 2-8.Hypertension and tachycardia Allergi
9、c reactions Dysrhythmias第12页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二VecuroniumnDosageFor intubation:0.08-0.12mg/kgFor intraoperative:0.04mg/kg 0.01mg/kg every 15-20min For infusion:1-2g/kg/minnSide effects and clinical considerations:Devoid of cardiovascular effectsLiver failure第13页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二PipecuroniumnDosageFor intuba
10、tion:0.06-0.1mg/kg Side effects and clinical considerations:Compared with pancuronium,pipecuronium devoid of cardiovascular and histamine release side effects,onset of action and duration of action are similar for both drugs第14页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二RocuroniumnDosageFor intubation:0.45-0.9mg/kgFor intraoper
11、ative:0.15mg/kg For infusion:5-12g/kg/minSide effects and clinical considerations:0.9-1.2mg/kg within 60-90s第15页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二RapacuroniumDosage:For intubation:1.5mg/kg within 1min in 85%patiens and duration time 10-20minSide effects and clinical considerations:Hypertension and raise HR mild and tra
12、nsient Severe bronchospasm第16页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二肌松药的临床应用肌松药的临床应用一、在麻醉中的主要应用一、在麻醉中的主要应用n1.气管插管气管插管(intubation)去极化肌松药去极化肌松药-琥珀胆碱琥珀胆碱 非去极化肌松药非去极化肌松药-潘库溴铵、维库溴铵、阿曲库铵、潘库溴铵、维库溴铵、阿曲库铵、米库氯铵、罗库溴铵米库氯铵、罗库溴铵n2.肌松的术中维持肌松的术中维持 满足手术需要满足手术需要n3.其他:其他:ICU 及治疗痉挛性疾病及治疗痉挛性疾病第17页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二二、肌松药的给药方法二、肌松药的给药方法 单次间断静注给药单次间断
13、静注给药 持续静脉输注给药持续静脉输注给药 计算机自动化反馈控制给药计算机自动化反馈控制给药 予给量法予给量法 肌松药的复合应用肌松药的复合应用-最好应用同一种肌松药最好应用同一种肌松药 第18页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二肌松药的不良反应肌松药的不良反应1.自主神经系统作用自主神经系统作用2.组胺释放组胺释放第19页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二影响肌松药作用的因素影响肌松药作用的因素n影响肌松药的药代动力学影响肌松药的药代动力学n肝肾功能肝肾功能第20页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二影响肌松药的药效动力学影响肌松药的药效动力学1.水、电解质和酸碱平衡2.低温3.年龄4神经肌肉疾病重症肌无力5.
14、假性胆碱酯酶异常第21页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二药物的相互作用药物的相互作用1.吸入全麻药吸入全麻药2.局麻药和抗心律失常药局麻药和抗心律失常药3.抗生素抗生素4.抗惊厥药和精神病药抗惊厥药和精神病药5.其他其他第22页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二肌松药的拮抗肌松药的拮抗 增加乙酰胆碱浓度或延长乙酰胆碱增加乙酰胆碱浓度或延长乙酰胆碱作用时间的药物均能拮抗非去极化肌松作用时间的药物均能拮抗非去极化肌松药的肌松作用。药的肌松作用。抗胆碱酯酶药物抗胆碱酯酶药物:新斯的明新斯的明 极量极量 0.07 mg/kg 吡啶斯的明吡啶斯的明 0.28 mg/kg 依酚氯铵依酚氯铵 1 mg/kg第23页,
15、讲稿共45张,创作于星期二抗胆碱酯酶药抗胆碱酯酶药+抗胆碱药抗胆碱药:新斯的明新斯的明0.035-0.07mg/kg+格隆溴铵格隆溴铵7 g/kg 依酚氯铵依酚氯铵 0.5-1mg/kg+阿托品阿托品7 g/kg 临床常用:新斯的明临床常用:新斯的明+阿托品阿托品 2 :1第24页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二肌松药的拮抗时机肌松药的拮抗时机:T125%第25页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Neuromuscular monitoring 肌松监测:刺激外周神经干(一般为尺肌松监测:刺激外周神经干(一般为尺神经),诱发该神经支配的肌群收缩,神经),诱发该神经支配的肌群收缩,据肌收缩效应评价肌松药的
16、作用程度、据肌收缩效应评价肌松药的作用程度、时效及阻滞性质。时效及阻滞性质。第26页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Supramaximal stimulationn20 to 25 percent above that necessary for a maximal responsenThe optimal pulse duration is 0.2 to 0.3 msnThe impulse should be monophasic and rectangular(i.e.,it should be a square wave)because a biphasic pulse may caus
17、e a burst of action potentials in the nerve(repetitive firing),increasing the response to the stimulation第27页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Patterns of stimulation1.单刺激(单刺激(single twitch stimulation)2.强直刺激(强直刺激(tetanic stimulation)3.四个成串刺激(四个成串刺激(train of four TOF)4.强直刺激后记数(强直刺激后记数(post tetanic count PTC)5.双短强直刺激(双短
18、强直刺激(double-burst stimulation DBS)第28页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Single twitch stimulationnfrequencies of 0.1 to 1.0 Hz 第29页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Train of four(TOF)第30页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Tetanic stimulation第31页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Post-Tetanic Count Stimulation 第32页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二nRelationship between time to the first reaction to T
19、OF nerve stimulation and the number of post-tetanic twitches(i.e.,the post-tetanic count)during intense blockade caused by pancuronium,atracurium,and vecuronium.Mean curves and 95 percent prediction regions are shown第33页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Double-Burst Stimulation 第34页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二THE NERVE STIMULATOR nT
20、he stimulus should produce a monophasic and rectangular waveform,and the length of the pulse should not exceed 0.2 to 0.3 msn60 to 70 mA,but not more than 80 mA第35页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二第36页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二RECORDING OF EVOKED RESPONSES nMechanomyography nElectromyography nAcceleromyography 第37页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二E
21、lectromyography第38页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二第39页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Acceleromyography 第40页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二第41页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二肌松监测的临床应用肌松监测的临床应用1.肝肾功能障碍肝肾功能障碍2.重症肌无力重症肌无力3.为避免术后肌松拮抗的病人为避免术后肌松拮抗的病人4.呼吸功能严重受损,术后需肌松充分恢呼吸功能严重受损,术后需肌松充分恢复的病人复的病人5.长时间应用或持续静点肌松药的病人。长时间应用或持续静点肌松药的病人。第42页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Case DiscussionnA 72-year-o
22、ld man has undergone general anesthesia for transurethral resection of the prostate。Twenty minutes after conclusion of the procedure,he is still intubated and shows no evidence of spontaneous respiration or consciousness。第43页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二思考题思考题1,肌松药延迟恢复对术后病人有哪些影响?,肌松药延迟恢复对术后病人有哪些影响?2,在,在ICU内如何应用肌松药?内如何应用肌松药?第44页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第45页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二