《名词性从句 知识梳理- 高三英语一轮复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《名词性从句 知识梳理- 高三英语一轮复习.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、名词性从句句子分类 主语+谓语 主语+谓语+宾语 简单句 主语+系动词+表语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 定语从句 复合句 名词性从句复杂句 状语从句 并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句从句的特点1. 从句也要符合句子的基本结构2. 从句只是做为句子某一成分出现的3. 从句的关联词很关键, 通常来讲,它们是从句开始的标志名词性从句1. 定义：名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语His job is important.What he does is important.表语 This is h
2、is job. This is what he does every day.宾语 I dont like his job. I dont like what he does every day.同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White. I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.2. 判断 谓语动词 宾语从句主语从句 系动词 表语从句When we shall hold the meeting depends on whether John can return tomorrow.The probl
3、em is when John will come back. 名词 同位语从句We expressed our hope that we could visit the country again.思考：定语从句与名词性从句的区别？练习：判断名词性从句1. I dont know who broke the window.2. She is no longer what she used to be.3. What they need is a good textbook.4. She will give whoever needs help a warm welcome.5. This i
4、s where our problem is.6. It is certain that she will do well in her exam.7. The foreigner expressed his hope that he was going to visit the Great Wall again.8. We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.3. 引导词从属连词：that (无意义） Whether/if （是否） 不做成分连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoev
5、er, whom, whose, which 作主语、宾语、表语连接副词：when, where, why, how 作状语4. 分类讲解l 主语从句（1） that引导的主语从句起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不作成分，不能省略。 e.g. That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.（2） whether/if引导的主语从句起连接作用，表示“是否”，在从句中不作成分。e.g. Whether he will go there or not is not clear.（注意：if引导主语从句不能放句首，即只能用
6、于形式主语结构中）e.g. It is not clear whether/if he will come.（3）wh- 类引导词引导的主语从句：连接代词(who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等)在句中既起连接作用，又可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。连接副词(when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等)在句中起连接作用，可充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语。主要根据句子含义选择相应连接词试翻译：会议什么时候举行不清楚。 会议在哪里举行
7、不清楚。 为什么要举行会议不清楚。 （4）主语从句注意事项 从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 e.g. That he will come and help us is certain. Who will go to the energy conference is not important. 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1.It is certain that he will succeed.2.It is not known whether he will go there.3.It has not been decided yet
8、 when theyll start the project. 形式主语常见句型Its likely/possible/important/necessary/ that 很可能/重要的是/ 必要的是Its said/ reported that 据说/据报道It seems/appears/happens that 显然、明显、碰巧.Its been announced/declared that 已经通知/宣布Its no wonder that 并不奇怪/无疑Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a common saying（俗话
9、说）thatl 宾语从句（1） 宾语从句常见形式 动词后接宾语从句的用法 e.g. I know that he is friendly and hospitable. 介词及形容词后接宾语从句的用法 e.g. We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 情感类形容词后接宾语从句：sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等。e.g. Im afraid he wont attend our wedding.（2）
10、 that引导宾语从句，that起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不作成分。口语或非正式场合可以省略。但以下三种情况下不能省略：当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉；The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。I think it necessary that you should read English aloud
11、.（3） Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表示“是否”只能用whether不能用if的情况介词宾语从句只能用whethere.g. Im thinking of whether we should help him.在discuss后面的宾语从句只能用whethere.g. We discussed whether we should help him.与or not连用e.g. I cant say whether or not they will help him.（4） wh-类引导词引导的宾语从句：连接代词(who, whom, whose, which, what, whoev
12、er, whomever, whichever, whatever等)在句中既起连接作用，又可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。连接副词(when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等)在句中起连接作用，可充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语。主要根据句子含义选择相应连接词试翻译：我不知道他什么时候来。 我不知道他为什么来。（5） 宾语从句注意事项宾语从句时态问题：若主句是一般现在时态或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限。若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般
13、现在时态。 否定前置：在think，believe，suppose， imagine, feel等引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词否定前移。I dont think he is right.I dont suppose you need to worry about it.I dont feel I can stand any longer. 宾语从句虚拟语气在suggest, demand, order, insist等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，“(should)动词原形”。e.g. He suggested that we (should) set about doing the work
14、 at once.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，用would do。would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。与现在、将来事实相反，用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。l 表语从句（1） 定义表语从句：在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后，对主语进行解释说明。 The question is whether we can rely on him. （2）引导词表语从句引导词用法与主语从句基本一致，注意几点： if不能引导表语从句 because引导表语从句一般用于“it/that/this is
15、 because”句型中as if/ as though引导的表语从句，系动词通常为look，seem，sound等，从句可以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气结构为：与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，用would do。（3）表语从句需要注意的问题主语为名词reason，表语从句用that而不用why引导。 e.g. The reason why he was absent from the meeting was that he fell ill suddenly. The reason for such a serious accide
16、nt is that the driver was too careless and drunk.表语从句中的虚拟语气： 如果主句的主语是名词idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等时，则表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，“(should)动词原形”。 e.g. My suggestion is that we (should) set out at once. The doctors advice is that you (should) rest more and drink more.比较三个句式句式意义例句That is w
17、hy结果“那就是的原因”That is why we dont trust him.That is because原因“那是因为”That is because he often lies.The reason why.is that.“的原因是”The reason why we dont trust him is that he often lies.l 同位语从句（1）定义 同位语从句：在主从复合句中作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。表示名词的内容，加以解释。能接同位语从句的名词：fact, idea, news, promise, information, message, belief,
18、 doubt, hope, opinion, possibility, thought, wish, truth, question, problem, reply, answer, report, suggestion, advice, order, warning等等。同位语从句引导词用法与主语从句基本一致。注意：if不能引导同位语从句。同位语从句虚拟语气：名词idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词后面的同位语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，“(should)动词原形”。同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句既“说明、修饰”先
19、行词，又“等同”于先行词。定语从句“修饰、限制”先行词，由“关系词”替代先行词，在从句中充当成分。 e.g. We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Dalian. (同位语从句) Neither of us showed any interest in the news that John told us yesterday. (定语从句)同位语从句中that为连接词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，一般也不能省略；定语从句中的that为关系代词，在从句中充当句子成分，可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时常可省略。 e.g. The news (that) he told me surprised me. (定语从句) The news that he gave in surprised me. (同位语从句)其他引导词的使用。引导同位语从句的词除连接词that外，还可用whether，连接代词who，what及连接副词when, where, how, why等；引导定语从句的词除that外，还有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, as以及关系副词when, where, why。12