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1、高考英语阅读理解“干扰项”专项突破讲义（全国通用）04 推理判断题的干扰项解题技巧（含练习与解析）阅读干扰项解密4 推理判断题的解题技巧推理判断题要求读者在正确理解作者所述客观事实，正确理解作者的主观态度和观点以及写作意图的基础上，推测作者在文章中未提到的事实或者事情的起因，结果，或可能性等。推理判断题中的干扰项有：1）有悖常理干扰；2）偏离主题干扰；3）错误依据干扰；4）错误逻辑干扰。有悖常理干扰指所作出的推理判断与日常道理不符。偏离主题干扰指推断合理正确，但与题干要求没有关系或关系不大；错误依据干扰指推理判断的依据是错误的，因此作出了错误或不恰当的推理判断；错误逻辑干扰指用错误
2、的逻辑进行了推理判断，因此得出了错误的推理判断结果。【巩固练习】Passage 1:America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect （影响） American society in many ways education, medicine,
3、 and business.Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior （行为）is suitable （合适） at various ages. A person's age no longer tells you anything about his/her social position, marriage or health.The
4、re's no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school,get a job,or stop working isn't as strong as it used to be.It doesn'tsurprise us to hear of a 29-year-ol
5、d university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing. Many people say, 'I am much younger than my mother - or my father - was at my age.' No one says Act your age anymore. We've stopped lookin
6、g with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.1. It can be learnt from the text that the aging of the population in America _.A. has made people feel younger B. has changed people's social positionC. has changed people's understanding of ageD. has slowed down the country'
7、s social development2. The underlined word one refers to_.A. a society B. America C. a place D. population3. Act your age means people should _.A. be active when they are old B. do the right thing at the right ageC. show respect for their parents young or oldD. take more physical
8、 exercise suitable to their age4. If a 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the textwould most probably consider it_ .A. normal B.wonderful C.unbelievable D.unreasonable答案：14CABA解析：第4题是推理判断题。B选项和C选项是错误依据干扰，在原文中没有支持它的正确依据。D选项是错误逻辑干扰，题干中所假设的情况与unreasonabl
9、e没有正确的逻辑上的关系。通过第二段最后两句话，和最后一段最后一句可知A正确。Passage 2:We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open is surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave
10、 them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, "Very dirty floors. ""Yes, I'm glad they've finally decided to clean them, "the nurse answered.
11、She looked at Mum strangely and said, "But aren't you working late?"Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下)of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book. After a long time Mum
12、came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, "Thank you." Outside, Mum told me, "Dagmar is fine. No fever. ""You saw her, Mum?""Of course. I told
13、her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It's a fine hospital. But such floors!A mop is no good. You need a brush."1. When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was_. A. to clean the floorB. to pl
14、ease the nurseC. to see a patientD. to surprise the story-teller2. When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a_. A. nurse B. visitorC. patient D. cleaner3. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?A. It is a children's hospital. B. It has strict rul
15、es about visiting hours. C. The conditions there aren't very good. D. The nurses and doctors there don't work hard. 4. From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _.A. the story-teller's sisterB. Mum's friendC. the story-teller's classmateD. Dad's boss5. Which of the following words best describes Mum?A. strangeB. warm-heartedC. clever D. hard-working答案：15CDBAC解析：第2题是推理判断题。A选项是有悖常理干扰。从常理上说，the nurse不可能认为Mum也是nurse，因为Mum没有做nurse做的事情。B选项是偏离主题干扰。Mum本来是一个visitor,装成一个cleaner。Visitor与文章主题无关，与题干也没有对应关系。C选项是错误逻辑干扰。Mum是来看病人的，并不是一个病人。由第二段“working”可知选择D.