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1、知识点总结知识点总结 4 4：第四周：设计以听众为中心的演讲第四周：设计以听众为中心的演讲PreparingPreparing forfor Audience-CenteredAudience-Centered PresentationPresentation本周课程中的“低效聆听七宗罪”，你中了几个？你还记得我们有哪几种提升倾听效率的方法吗？我们还分享了几个能帮你顺利通过听力考试的小妙招，你都记住了吗？倾听六阶段，你还记得吗？在演讲练习中，我们不仅要讲，还要有效倾听，同时也要掌握分析、思考问题的能力，同时，不要忘了时刻以听众为中心，调整自己的演讲，这样，你就离一位优秀的演讲者更进一步啦！接下
2、来，我们一起来回顾一下本周的知识点：9.克服倾听恶习Fighting Against the“7 Sins”of Poor ListeningI.Different Types of Listeners1.Passive Listeners:They fail to respond to the talkers messages.2.Effective listeners:They play an active role by guiding the speaker towardcommon interests.II.Roadblocks to Good Listening1.Every da
3、y,we deal with all kinds of sounds,and we can only distinguishsounds that are familiar to us.2.Our busy lives have also caused us to develop extremely short attentionspans.III.Fighting Against“7 Sins”of Poor Listening1.Fight against“tuning out dull topics”:Always be energetic,and find values inother
4、s words!2.Fight against“fake attention”:Translate the speakers thoughts into your ownwords.3.Fight against“yielding to distractions”:We can block out almost anydistraction when we truly concentrate.4.Fight against“criticizing delivery or physical appearance”:Message counts!5.Fight against“jumping to
5、 conclusion”:Withhold your judgment until youresure you know the speakers position.6.Fight against“overreacting to emotional words”:Stay calm,and remainobjective.7.Fight against“interrupting”:Train yourself to prepare well enough before thespeech,and not to worry about what you want to say.IV.Tips t
6、o Improve Our Listening1.“RASA”:Receive-Appreciate-Summarize-Ask2.Ask for explanations from the speaker3.Paraphrase the message4.Summarize the message5.Put it down on paperV.Tips for Listening Tests1.Listen to one piece of material repetitively until you can hear every wordclearly.2.Read out aloud t
7、he material after listening.3.Vocabulary is the basis.4.Follow your own pace.5.Keep on practicing every day.10.时刻以听众为中心Audience-centered PresentationI.Audience-Centeredness Is the First Step of a Good Speech1.Dont blame your audience for not listening to you;you need to speakproperly,effectively and
8、 smartly!2.Make your speech easy and interesting enough for your audience to listen to.II.Psychology of the Audience1.Audience pay closest attention to messages that affect their values,beliefs andwell-being2.So build a bridge to connect your audiences values and explain why they shouldcare about yo
9、ur speech.3.Get inside the experience of your audience!III.The“WWH”Principle1.To whom am I speaking?2.What do I want them to know,believe,or do as a result of my speech?3.How to compose and present my speech in an effective way to achieve thatgoal?11.如何根据听众调整演讲Audience AdaptationI.Before the Speech1
10、.Remember the“WWH”principle.2.Know your audience:(1)Personal information like age,gender,educational background,jobs,attitudes,beliefs and etc.(2)Other information like size and the physical setting of the speech.II.During the Speech6 Stages of Listening and How to Adjust Accordingly:(1)Receiving st
11、age:Begin the speech with an attention-getter!(2)Comprehending stage:Simplify the terms to make your speech clear andappropriate for your audience.(3)Interpreting stage:Make sure your non-verbal code should match yourverbal code.(4)Evaluating stage:Strengthen your personal credibility to convince yo
12、uraudience.(5)Responding stage:Read the audiences feedbacks and adjust your speech tokeep them focused.(6)Memory stage:Try to help your audience remember 70%of your speech!III.After the Speech1.The forgetting curve shows that we forget things easily,so we should help ouraudience remember our speech as much as possible.2.Always remember public speaking is about“what you say”,and“how muchyour audience can remember”what you say.