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1、福建省百校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考?高三地理?参考答案?第?页?共?页?高三地理试卷参考答案?全年都可能发生热岛效应?且热岛效应强度季节差异显著?春季和夏季全天均有热岛效应?且热岛效应日变化幅度较小?秋季和冬季一天中大部分时段有热岛效应?且热岛效应日变化幅度较大等?答出两点?分?时间段?夜晚?日落?日出前后?分?原因?夜晚郊区地面长波辐射强?引起气温迅速下降?而城区大气污染物较多?在城市上空形成一个屏障?地面长波辐射散热较少?地面温度下降缓慢?从而使得城区和郊区气温差大?分?西宁地处高原?空气稀薄?白天太阳辐射强?地面吸收大量热量?空气质量较好的郊区表现尤为明显?进一步使得郊
2、区气温比城区偏高?导致北京时间?时城市热岛效应偏低?进而出现了弱的冷岛效应?分?作图如下?分?形成过程?冰川侵蚀地表前端挟带大量碎屑物?因冰川融化而堆积?阻塞沟谷?形成相对封闭的洼地?冰雪融水汇入?积水成湖?分?影响?侧碛堤稳定性大幅度降低?分?原因?岸坡失去了冰川压脚护坡作用?抗滑阻力锐减?湖水入渗?导致冰碛物孔隙水压增大?冰雪融水为滑坡体提供了水源条件?增加了重力?答出两点?分?冰湖滑坡断面处水深较浅?滑坡入湖体积较小?滑坡演进传播至下游终碛堤的距离较长?冰湖面积略大?滑坡入湖导致冰湖水位上涨?难以直接冲刷坝体发生瞬时溃决?终碛堤植被茂盛?坝体结构较为密实?抗冲刷能力较强等?答出三点?分?
3、夏季气温高?蒸发旺盛?浅层和中层土壤含水量降低?夏季光照强?热量丰富?光合作用强?植物生长快?植被需水量增大?分?植被类型?盐穗木?分?依据?根系分布较浅?利用的水分主要集中在土壤浅层和中层?分?干旱区河水?季节性融雪补给?季节性降水补给等?补给水源不规律?地下水较为稳定?且胡杨根系深?更适宜为胡杨的生长提供有力保障?分?福建省百校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考?高三化学?参考答案?第?页?共?页?高三化学试卷参考答案?分?分?分?分?分?分?分?分?高温?分?分?分?小于?分?强氧化?分?分?加适量铁粉?或其他合理答案?分?部分铁离子转化成?分?分?分?过滤?分?分?否?分?碱石
4、灰?或其他合理答案?分?增大固体表面积?加快反应速率?分?分?分?将?还原为?分?多写了?和?或?均不扣分?分?分?球形?冷凝管?分?吸收未反应的?和?蒸气?防止空气中的水蒸气进入三颈瓶?分?分?分?分?溶液?产生蓝色沉淀?或?溶液?产生白色沉淀?分?当滴入最后半滴?溶液时?溶液蓝色褪去?且半分钟内不再恢复原来的颜色?分?分?分?福建省百校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考?高三历史?参考答案?第?页?共?页?高三历史试卷参考答案?特点?政府主导?地方政府分级组织承办?依赖基层官员的落实?效果不佳?分?答出两点即可?因素?大一统国家的区域差异?小农经济的分散性?封闭性?政府管理的人治特
5、征?缺乏实际操作程序的指导?交通及通信条件的制约?分?答出两点即可?其他答案言之有理即可?贡献?以儒治国?奠定了学校教育发展的指导思想?着手建立了较为完备的官学教育系统?设立五经博士?奠定了?分经?教学的基础?促进了经学的形成和学派的繁荣?赋予学校传承和创新中华文化?培养统治集团后备力量的重要职能?分?发展?中央官学门类增多?实用之学受到一定重视?官学教学向社会下层开放?分?原因?统治者的重视?巩固统治基础的需要?科举制的实施和发展?社会结构的变化?士族的衰落和庶族的崛起?儒学的复兴和发展?理学的产生及官学化?民族交融的不断深入?分?答出三点即可?其他答案言之有理亦可?示例现象?陆凯?蒋琬?荀
6、彧?钟繇虽各为其主?但均为东汉末年至三国时期的名臣?能臣?分?阐述?东汉末年至三国时期?群雄割据?人才辈出?一方面军阀割据混战?另一方面察举制度仍在推行?儒家的忠义思想仍有重大影响?陆凯不惧小人?为稳固东吴政权直言敢谏?秉公处事?蒋琬尽其所能地为诸葛亮北伐提供物资?深得诸葛亮信任?荀彧为曹操精心谋划?颇得曹操欣赏?钟繇助曹操战袁绍?平定地方乱局?安抚百姓等?体现了卓越的政治才能?他们的积极作为对东汉末年至三国时期国家的发展产生了重要影响?他们的行为与当时政治?思想等发展紧密相关?分?结论?陆凯?蒋琬?荀彧?钟繇各忠其主?尽职尽责?具有强烈的责任和担当意识?他们的行为与儒家宣扬的纲常伦理相吻合?
7、说明史书编撰者深受中国传统主流价值观念的影响?分?示例?仅供参考?不作为评卷的唯一标准?影响?促进了农业生产的商品化?推动了商品经济的发展?增加了政府财政收入?促进了民族间经济文化交流?有利于缓和中原王朝与周边民族政权的关系?推动了茶文化全面发展?丰富了人们的精神文化生活?推动了对外贸易发展?使茶叶成为中华文化的象征之一?促进了人与人之间的交往?分?答出三点即可?论证?明代以前?历代王朝征收赋税主要以米麦等实物为主?明朝后期?随着商品经济的发展与白银流通量的增加?张居正在全国推行一条鞭法?一条鞭法实行赋役合并?一概折银?统一征收?一条鞭法是中国赋役制度上的重大改革?赋役征银制度促进了白银的流通
8、和使用?并在一定程度上促进了地租的货币化和农产品的商业化?促进了商品经济的发展?分?福建省百校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考?福建省百校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?槡?微信公众号：高中试卷君福建省百校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考物理试题微信公众号：高中试卷君?高三物理?参考答案?第?页?共?页?高三物理试卷参考答案?槡?分?分?等于?分?小于?分?等效替代法?分?分?分?分?不是?分?分?分?解?从汽车开始制动到两车速度相同?有?分?解得?分?从汽车司机发现出租车到两车速度相同?汽车的
9、位移大小?分?解得?分?出租车的位移大小?分?解得?分?分?故两车不会相撞?分?解?子弹击中靶?子弹在空中运动的时间?分?解得?分?该过程中子弹下落的高度?分?分?解得?分?靶做竖直上抛运动?有?分?解得?分?解?运动员在?点时有?分?运动员从?点运动到?点的过程中机械能守恒?有?分?由几何关系可知?段圆弧滑道所对应的圆心角为?有?分?解得?分?运动员从?点运动到?点的过程中做平抛运动?则有?分?分?解得?槡?分?运动员从?点运动到?点的过程中?由动能定理有?分?解得?分?（北京）股份有限福建省百校福建省百校 2022-20232022-2023 学年高三上学期第一次联考学年高三上学期第一次联
10、考英语试卷英语试卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在 答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转 涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最
11、佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读 一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C,9.15.答案是 Co1.What is the woman going to do?A.Help the man.B.Take a bus.C.Get a camera.2.What is the relationship between the speakers?A.Teacher and student.B.Nurse and patient.C.Boss and employee.3.What time is
12、 it now?A.10：12.B.10：20.C.10:32.4.What are the speakers most probably talking about?A.A book.B.A film.C.An actor.5.Where does the conversation take place?A.In the classroom.B.In the library.C.In the dormitory.第二节（共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项 中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或
13、独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各 小题将给出 5 秒钟的（北京）股份有限作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6.Where will the woman go?A.To the airport.B.To her office.C.To the school.7.What does the woman ask the man to do?A.Look for some toys.B.Meet her boss.C.Take care of a baby.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8.Why does Diana say s
14、orry to Peter?A.She needs to put off her test.B.She wants to visit another city.C.She has to give up her travel plan.9.What does Diana want Peter to do?A.Help her with her study.B.Take a book to her friend.C.Teach a geography lesson.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10.How does Joanna feel?A.Tired.B.Happy.C.An
15、xious.11.Why does Joanna want to make breakfast?A.To look after her sick mum.B.To pay back her mum.C.To practice cooking.12.What can we know about Joanna?A.She has got married.B.She can get up early every day.C.She loves her father more than her mother.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.What is the man?A.A t
16、eacher.B.A.host.C.A doctor.14.What is the conversation mainly about?（北京）股份有限A.How to save money.B.How to spend money.C.How to be a good housewife.15.Where does the woman like shopping?A.In supermarkets.B.In department stores.C.In outdoor markets.16.What does the woman highly recommend?A.Fixing thing
17、s by ourselves.B.Hiring someone to repair things.C.Asking friends to help with the repairs.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17.Which school is the university most famous for?A.Social Science.B.Medicine.C.Law.18.Who will say something more about the courses?A.The visitors.B.The receptionists.C.The lecturers.1
18、9.What is required for degree courses?A.Informal lectures.B.One group discussion.C.A long essay.20.Who is the speech most probably intended for?A.Students at high school.B.Teachers at university.C.Teachers at high school.第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）第一节（共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中
19、选出最佳选项。AWith at least several dozen antivirus products on the market,you may be wondering which one you shouldchoose.Theres no simple one size fits all answer.But here are four things to consider before making yourdecision.Do You Want Cloud Antivirus?Unlike conventional antivirus software,cloud anti
20、virus programs do most of their processing on the Internetrather than your computers hard drive.Cloud antivirus programs not only have a smaller resource footprint,butthey also can be quicker to respond to newly emerging malware（恶意软件）threats.（北京）股份有限What Sort of Device and Operating System Are You P
21、rotecting?One obvious point is that you need a program thats compatible（兼容的）with your devices operating system.This isnt as much of an issue as it once was,since many antivirus software makers offer their products for multipleplatforms.Another consideration is how much memory and storage space your
22、device has,since antivirus programssometimes can occupy many resources.Whats Your Price Point?If youre on a tight budget and arent a heavy-duty computer user,you may be able to get by with using one ofthe numerous free antivirus programs that are available.Another popular choice is Avast Free Antivi
23、rus,which hasearned high ratings from security researchers and is available for Windows,Mac,Android and iOS devices.But ifyou can afford it,the paid versions of the free programs often have more features.How Much Protection Do You Need?If youre mostly just using your computer to write emails and wat
24、ch movies on Netflix,then most of the finebells and whistles on a full-featured security suite probably would go to waste.If youre surfing the web moreextensively or running a home e-commerce business,you may find that advanced features in a paid program arewell worth the money.But no matter which a
25、ntivirus program you pick,online security expert Bruce Schneiersays the most important thing is that you install one,and set it to automatically update.21.Whats the feature ofthe cloud antivirus programs?A.They are free.B.They do most work on the Internet.C.They need more memory and storage space.D.
26、They are compatible with all the operating systems.22.What should you do if youre lack of money?A.Turn to an expert.B.Study the previous cases.C.Choose a free antivirus program.D.Pay for an advanced antivirus program.23.What is the most important thing after you choose an antivirus program?A.Updatin
27、g automatically.B.Setting passwords.C.Checking occasionally.D.Storing quickly.（北京）股份有限BGrowing up in rural Jiangsu Province,Yu Jigao showed a strong interest in fine arts at an early age and studiedon his own for years.His hard work paid off later.In the early 1950s,he made his way to Nanjing Normal
28、 University,where he learned painting theories and techniques from some famous artists.It was then that Yu found his lifelongartistic zeal for gongbi.Gongbi paintings usually describe birds and flowers,symbols of beauty and joy,in anartistic way with intense color.After graduation from the art schoo
29、l in 1957,Yu began his professional career at the Chinese Painting Instituteof Jiangsu.He has since published a series of art collections.Since 1959,Yu has contributed a series of works tomany important sites.Yus works have also been displayed in a range of national and international exhibitions.Fro
30、m1986 to 1997,he held his exhibitions in such places as Beijing,Guangzhou and New York.Both the themes andartistic techniques have won widespread praise in the past years.While observing traditional rules,he uses accurate lines,powerful brush movements as well as the interplaybetween dark and light
31、to represent the harmony of nature.Though he adopts a realistic style,he tries to enrich hisworks with spiritual beauty through his brush.Yu says,“That feeling turns into the images of singing birds andelegant flowers in my paintings.Thanks to his careful observation of nature and artistic sensitivi
32、ty,Yu is able tocombine realistic description with artistic expression in his brushwork.Now as deputy director of the Academy of Chinese Gongbi Painting of Flowers and Birds and a nationaltop-level artist,Yu maintains a simple and easy-going style.In addition to artistic creation,Yu has devoted hims
33、elfto promoting his painting style as the cultural heritage of China.Art is part of my life,Yu says.“I am proud to bea flower-bird painter.I hope to create a bright future for it through my efforts.24.What does the underlined word zeal in paragraph 1 mean?A.Request.B.Passion.C.Justice.D.Fund.25.What
34、 does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Yu?A.His school life.B.His painting techniques.C.His achievements in painting.D.His contributions to the art school.26.Which is Yus painting feature?A.Adopting abstract objects.B.Excluding plants and animals.（北京）股份有限C.Combining traditional rules with a realisti
35、c style.D.Representing the imbalance between nature and humans.27.What does Yu expect of his painting style?A.It will be passed on.B.It will change over time.C.It will look more complicated.D.It will reach the top international level.CThe rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats rais
36、e the question of whether species are able tokeep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions.Some animals can move fast to adjust to a swiftly changingclimate.Plants,being less mobile,rely on means such as seed dispersal（传播）by animals,wind orwater to moveto new areas,but this redistributio
37、n typically occurs within one kilometre of the original plant.When the climate in a plants usual range becomes hotter than it can tolerate?it must find new?cooler areas thatmight lie many kilometres away.One explanation for long-distance seed dispersal is through transport by migratory（迁徙的）birds.Suc
38、h birds swallow seeds when eating fruit and can move them tens or hundreds of kilometresoutside the range of a plant species.Gonzdlez-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change with thehelp of migratory birds.The authors analyzed the fruiting times of
39、plants,patterns of bird migration and theinteractions between fruit-eating birds and fleshy-fruited plants across Europe.Plants with fleshy fruits werechosen for this study because most of their seed transport is by migratory birds,and because fleshy-fruited plants arean important part of the woody-
40、plant community in Europe.The common approach until now has been to predictplant dispersal using models fitted to abiotic（非生物的）factors,such as the current climate.Gonzdlez-Varoinstead analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plantcommunities,toget
41、her with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe.Theresearchers also analyzed DNA traces from bird wastes to identify the plants and birds responsible for seeddispersal.28.How do species adapt to climate changes when its too hot?A.All animals will move away across
42、 great distances.B.Some plants depend on migratory birds to carry seeds.c.Some plants depend on animals,wind or water to move.（北京）股份有限D.Plants seeds disperse to cooler places of several kilometres away.29.Why did researchers mainly study fleshy-fruited plants?A.They are favoured by most birds.B.Migr
43、atory birds transport their seeds.C.Migratory birds like making nests in them.D.Most of them cant fit rapid climate change.30.Why does the author mention“fleshy fruits and fruiting times in paragraph 3?A.To show that fruits depend on migratory birds.To present a fact that migratory bird eats fleshy
44、fruits.C.To clarify the reason why birds migrate in fruiting times.D.To explain relations between fruit plants and migratory birds.31.What is the text mainly about?A.The advantage of fruit plants.B.The destination of the bird migration.C.The adaptation of fruit plants to the climate change.D The inf
45、luence of climate change on plants and animals.DIs it possible for the human heart to shrink（缩小）and if so,how does this change impact the human body?Recently,scientists have discovered an unexpected similarity between long-distance swimming and spending along duration of time in space 一 both can cau
46、se the human heart to shrink over time!These findings were based onthe experiences of astronaut Scott Kelly,who spent 340 days in space in 2015,and Benoit Lecomte,an athlete whoin 2018 swam 1,753 miles（about 2,821 km）across the Pacific Ocean in 159 days.The absence of gravity in space means that the
47、 heart does not have to work as hard to pump blood through theaorta（主动脉），the largest blood vessel that supplies oxygen to all parts of our body.As a result,the heart losesmuscle mass,causing it to reduce in size.The study was conducted by Benjamin Levine,a professor of internalmedicine at the Univer
48、sity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.He noted that the shrinkage was seen despite thefact that Scott Kelly exercised every day.Activities such as long-distance swimming can cause the heart to change similarly.Lecomte spent 5.8 hoursswimming every day and then another 8 hours sleeping；therefore?
49、he spent more time in a horizontal（水平的）（北京）股份有限position than upright.This reduced the force of gravity acting on his body.Fortunately,while the heart did shrink in size for Kelly and Lecomte,it was just as strong and continued tofunction normally for both men.And in both cases,the heart regained its
50、 original mass and size after a return tonormal daily lives.This study is crucial as NASA prepares to send astronauts to Mars in the 2030s.Professor Levine is workingwith NASA on a program called Cipher,which hopes to collect more information by following ten more astronautsyear-long trips as well a