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1、once and for all最终地；彻底地(教材P2)However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 例1The problem can be solved once and for all, if you do that.例2I'm warning you once and for all，if you don't stop disturbing me，you'll be regretful.知识拓展all at once突然；同时at once 立刻，马上once and
2、 again 一而再，再三first of all 首先in all(=in total=altogether) 总共after all 毕竟，终究above all 最重要的是subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)(教材P2)Snow subscribed to the second theory.例1He subscribed for 1，000 shares.他认购一千股。例2I subscribed to that magazine. It is put out every week. 翻译I heartily subscribe to that view知
3、识拓展subscribe to 同意；赞成；捐赠；订阅subscription n.订阅，捐助subscriber n. 订阅者 即学即练小片段填空We applied for _some magazines useful for our work.The department manager _it and _the application form.我们申请订阅几本对我们的工作有益的杂志，部门经理同意了这一请求，并在申请表上签上了他的名字。(教材P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame (1)suspect vt.& vi
4、.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象例1I suspect him to know everything about that.例2She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.翻译The police suspect him of having taken the money知识拓展suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事常用Vt.+sb. +of 短语warn/accuse/cure/ inform/convince/remind/rob/assure/cheat/ri
5、d sb. of sth.suspect sb. to be. 怀疑某人是suspicion n. 怀疑suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的即学即练小片段填空 _was the victim's son. The police _his father，because the neighbors reported having heard them fighting on the night of the killing.第一个嫌疑犯是死者的儿子。警察怀疑他谋杀了他的父亲，因为邻居们在案发当晚曾听到他们打架。(2)blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责 n责备；指责例1They p
6、laced the blame on the doctor.例2He tried to escape blame for what he had done.翻译It seemed that the water was to blame知识拓展(1)be to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人take/bear the blame for st
7、h. 对某事承担责任即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译 If that happens, the coach will take the blame_ it. You are not _(blame)I can't put the blame on you. You shouldn't blame John _ the failure.You shouldn't blame the failure _ John.你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来；相关联(教材P3)Moreover，Snow was later able to sh
8、ow a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.例1 The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.例2 The new company linked up with several older ones in selfprotection. 知识拓展(1)link.to/with/and.将和联系或连接起来其他类似表达be related to/jointo/ be associated with/ h
9、ave sth. to do with/ be connected withlink up 连接；结合link up with. 与联合；使与衔接(2)a link between A and BA与B之间的联系即学即练单句语法填空 The new tunnel links Britain_ France. The country_ (link) to the town by a new bridge.decrease n减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(教材P3)Through Snow's tireless efforts，water
10、companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.例1The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.例2His interest in this subject gradually decreases.翻译There has been a sharp decrease in pollution since the law was introduced.知识拓展(1)on the decreas
11、e 在减少中a decrease in. 在方面减少(2)decrease to. 减少到decrease by. 减少了decrease from.to. 从减少到反义词increase即学即练单句语法填空Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is _ the decrease.thanks to 幸亏；由于(教材P3)Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow.例1Thanks to his re
12、search，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.例2Thanks to your help，we were successful.知识拓展because ofas a result of due to owing to on account of 即学即练单句语法填空As a result _ the bad weather, the football match was put off. The accident was due_ his careless driving. It was owing_
13、 your timely help that we finished the work ahead of time.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变to completely change sth/sb., especially in a way that improves it or them (教材P3)Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.例1 A steam engine transforms heat in
14、to power例2Things cannot be transformed overnight. 知识拓展(1)transform A into B把A变成Btransform sth. from A to B使从A变成B(2)transformation n. 改变；改革即学即练 We are living in a time of social_ (transform)知识要点8pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)(教材P7)A nonNewtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid，but i
15、f you put any pressure on it，it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.例1After the meeting the people poured out in crowds.例2People poured into the hall.翻译The storm clouds gathered and the rain poured down知识拓展pour in涌进(flood)pour into 涌进;大量投入（金钱）于（某物）pour out 倒出；涌出；倾诉；尽情诉说pour out of/from. 从中涌出来pour down
16、 (雨)倾盆而降即学即练单句语法填空 The rays of the sun poured_ through the window. Sobbing，she poured_ the whole story.知识要点9break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发(教材P7)However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own power
17、ful air force to protect and defend the country.例1Something unexpected always breaks out in this area.例2I was still sleeping when the fire broke out，and then it spread quickly.知识拓展break in强行进入；打断break through 突破；冲破break up 破碎；解散；（关系等）破裂break off 断开；中断；停顿break away from 逃脱；脱离break into 强行闯入；突然开始break
18、 down(机器等）出故障；（身体等）垮掉;分解；（计划等）失败；（感情）失控即学即练完成句子 He _my house and stole my money.The meeting_ at eleven o'clock. Once you join them，you can never_ them.If you go on working like that，you will_ sooner or later.知识要点10in charge of主管；掌管(教材P8)He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was
19、put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 例1I'll be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away. 知识拓展take charge of掌管/负责charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收费charge sb. with sth. 指控free of charge 免费in sb.'s chargein
20、 the charge of sb.由主管(含被动意义)on charge 充电中negative/positive charge 负正电荷charge 向冲；进攻即学即练完成句子The company was badly organized until she_ it.The company is_ Tom when the boss is away.Tom is in charge of the company when the boss is away.知识要点11fault n. 弱点；过错(教材P9)Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his
21、 faults.例1It was all my fault.例2There is a fault in this machine.翻译Her greatest fault is that she talks too much.知识拓展find fault with sb.挑剔某人；对某人吹毛求疵faulty adj. 有错误的，有缺陷的faultless adj. =perfect 完美的，无缺点的即学即练单句语法填空He is always finding fault_ me，which makes me very angry.知识要点12 defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解(教材P7)
22、However, after the Songhu Battle (淞沪会战) broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.例1 This is my native land and I'll defend it with my life! 例2 He has employed one of
23、 the county's top lawyers to defend him.例3 What are the forwards doing-attacking or defending? 知识拓展 (1)defend sb./sth. from/against .保护某人/某物免遭；保卫某人/某物免遭用法类似的短语有prevent . (from), stop . (from), keep . from, protect . from/against, discourage . from 等(2)defence/defense n. 防御；保卫；防御物 in defence of保卫
24、；为辩护(3)defender n. 捍卫者；保护者；防守队员；后卫(4)defensive adj. 防御的；防御用的；防御性的即学即练 单句语法填空(2020浙江)Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear_ (defend) actions we knew. Many trees were planted there to defend the earth from_ (wash) away.知识要点13 cast vt. (cast,cast) 投射；向投以（视线，笑容等）；投掷(教材p6) and it casts different shado
25、ws of you. 例1 The fisher man cast his net into the water.例2 He cast a look at the woman.例3 Does this information cast light on the problem? 知识拓展cast light on 阐明（某事）cast a shadow/cloud over sth. 给某事投下一层阴影cast a look/glance at sb. /sth. 看（瞅）一眼cast a vote 投票cast down 沮丧的即学即练翻译 She always seems to be ca
26、st in the same sort of role. 知识要点14handle: vt. to deal with n. 把手，把柄（教材p2）Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it couldnt be used.The children are so naughty that I can't handle them. This shop handles paper and stationery. How shall we handle the problem. It has a free han
27、dle.He learnt how to handle the axe. Sentence Patterns“特殊疑问词不定式”结构(教材P2)As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera例1No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease.例2I don't quite know what to say in answer to your question. 知识拓展(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问
28、代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。即学即练句型转换The problem is where to put this computer.The problem is_ When we will start has not been decided._ has
29、 not been decided.so.that.引导结果状语从句(教材P2)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.句式分析：句中so.that.意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。例1He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.知识拓展(1)sothat.(2)suchthat.即学即练完成句子/句型转换She is so lo
30、vely a girl that we all like her.She is_ we all like her.Such_ that we all like her3“否定词比较级”表示最高级(教材P7)Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。句式分析：句中no.greater.than为“否定词形容词/副词比较级than”结构，表示最高级。例1Unfortunately，
31、the technology of climate change is no simpler than anything else.不走运的是，改变气候的科技比任何事情都要复杂。例2What a wonderful novel！I have never read a more moving one.多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。翻译No other book has had a greater effect on my life. 即学即练完成句子I have never spent a more worrying day Tom is more intelligent tha
32、n any other student/all the other students in his class.Nothing is_ practice.实践最重要。教材高考1.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16，37，38，and 40)(2019·北京卷)In a world that warms up by 3，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans wo
33、uld occur.2.Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(2019·浙江卷)However，when she hung up，she regretted the way she had handled the call.3.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.(
34、2019·天津卷)Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.4.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow.(2019·浙江卷)Thanks to the Beatles，a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.5.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.(2019·全国卷)Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.