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1、高考英语备考：以先行词为突破口巧妙学习定语从句 讲义定语从句是英语中的重要语法项目，先行词是定语从句中的重要组成部分，以先行词为突破口，可以巧妙学习定语从句。一、认识先行词的重要性，初步了解定语从句结构被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，没有了先行词，定语从句就失去了意义，也就失去了存在的必要，可见先行词是定语从句中不可或缺的重要内容。例1：Is this factory _ you visited yesterday？A. that B. which C. the one D. what析：C。分析语境含义和句子结构可知，this factory为主语，is为谓语，you visited
2、yesterday为定语从句，但它缺少先行词，所以应填the one作先行词，以保持句子结构的完整性。例2：The people who take an active part in sports prove healthier than _ who don't.A. / B. that C. those D. what析：C。分析语境含义和句子结构可知，who don't为定语从句，但它缺少先行词，所以应填those作先行词，以保持句子结构的完整性。二、弄清先行词的位置，进一步了解定语从句结构因为定语从句修饰先行词，所以通常情况下先行词直接放在定语从句前面;但有时先行词不直接
3、紧靠着定语从句，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。例1：There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand. 在他的眼睛里有一种我不明白的神情。析：先行词an expression和定语从句被介词短语in his eyes隔开。例2：The days are gone forever when the Chinese used foreign oil. 中国人民使用洋油的年代一去不复返了。析：先行词The days被谓语are gone forever隔开。三、弄清先行词由什么词担任，了解定语从句产生的背景先行词既可指人也
4、可指物，还可指一件事，通常由名词、代词或整个句子担任。了解了这一点，就了解了定语从句产生的背景。例1：The girl who is standing there is my girlfriend. 站在那儿的女孩是我的女朋友。析：先行词The girl为名词，指人。例2：This book is the one I lost yesterday. 这是我昨天丢了的那本书。析：先行词the one为代词，指物。例3：A middle aged woman killed her husband， which surprised me. 一个中年妇女杀害了自己的丈夫，这一点令我很惊讶。析：先行词为
5、整个主句，指一件事。四、认清先行词的作用，准确确定关系词连接定语从句和先行词的词叫关系词，在定语从句中关系词代表着先行词。先行词在从句中的作用决定着关系词的选用;若先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词who / that引导定语从句;若先行词指人且在定语从句中作宾语，可用who / whom / that引导定语从句，也可将who / whom / that省去;若先行词指物且在定语从句中作主语或宾语，可用that / which引导定语从句，作宾语时that / which可以省去;若先行词在从句中作定语，可用whose引导定语从句;若先行词在从句中作时间、地点和原因状语，可用whe
6、n， where， why引导定语从句。例1：Is this the girl who / that teaches us Chinese？ 这就是教我们语文的女孩吗？析：先行词the girl在从句中作动词teaches的主语，应用who / that引导定语从句。例2：This is the boy （who / whom / that） you met in the street yesterday. 这就是你昨天在街道上碰到的男孩儿。析：先行词the boy在从句中作动词met的宾语，可用who / whom / that引導定语从句。例3：He lives in a room who
7、se windows are broken. 他住在一个窗子坏了的房间里。析：先行词a room在从句中作从句主语windows的定语，应用whose引导定语从句。例4：I still remember the days when I stayed in Beijing. 我仍然记得我在北京度过的日子。析：先行词the days在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导定语从句。例5：This is the room where he once lived. 这就是他曾经住过的房子。析：先行词the room在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导定语从句。例6：This is the reason
8、why she was absent. 这就是她缺席的原因。析：先行词the reason 在从句中作原因状语，应用why引导定语从句。巩固练习：1. The young man lifted the 250-kilogram stone at his first attempt， _ surprised me greatly.A. that B. as C. what D. which2. John， would you like to find me a chair _ I can put these newspapers for a short time？A. which B. that
9、 C. what D. where3. Let's go shopping together at five o'clock this afternoon， _ our school will be over.A. then B. when C. which D. that4. I hope to find an occasion _ we can sit in our room to watch TV together.A. when B. then C. that D. which5. I'm sorry that I can't think out a s
10、ituation _ these phrases appear at the same time.A. there B. where C. what D. which6. Do you regret the time _ you spent in playing computer games in that Internet Café？A. when B. that C. what D. as7. In the opinion of me， the problem hasn't developed to the point _ nobody of us can solve.A
11、. that B. which C. what D. where8. Is this knife _ you cut your black pencil with a moment ago？A. which B. that C. the one D. as9. I just wonder whether this is the reason _ she refused to come to help you yesterday morning.A. that B. which C. why D. what10. To tell you the truth， I wouldn't lik
12、e to accept the reason for your being late _ you gave just now.A. why B. which C. what D. as11. Can you see the girl dressed in a red skirt _ is standing under a big tree over there？A. which B. as C. who D. what12. This is the young man _ you know I often help with his English.A. whom B. whose C. wh
13、ich D. who's13. Mary， would you like to show me the book _ is a foreign woman？A. whose writer B. writer of whom C. who's writer D. of whom writer14. I wonder if this is the factory _ you paid a visit to last week.A. where B. what C. that D. as15. It is said that the company _ produces Red St
14、ar cars in that city will be closed very soon.A. which B. as C. where D. what16. I have already bought a large flat in a busy street _ I will live in the rest of my life.A. that B. what C. where D. as17. Can you remember the days _ we stayed together on that mountain village？A. when B. that C. which
15、 D. as18. The soldier _ legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay.A. who B. whose C. that D. when19. I think that this is the office _ we will hold this important meeting.A. that B. which C. where D. what20. I think I can finish my homework at eight o'clock， _ I'll have time to play with you.A. then B. that C. which D. when