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1、高考英语一轮复习高考英语一轮复习 语法突破语法突破 非谓语动非谓语动词课件词课件第1页,此课件共47页哦 语法突破第六讲 非谓语动词大一轮复习大一轮复习英语英语 精题在线 技巧点拨 考点归纳第2页,此课件共47页哦精题在线1In the beginning,there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always _(think)that it was only small and not very important,and look where we ha
2、ve ended up today.因everyone与think是主动关系,故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。thinking 答案答案 第3页,此课件共47页哦精题在线2Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day,_(wear)sunglasses.本句主语是he,且已有谓语动词appeared,括号中所给的动词wear前面没有并列连词,不会是并列谓语,因此,可以确定wear是非谓语动词;又因he与wear之间在逻辑上是主动关系,故用wearing,作谓
3、语动词appeared的伴随状语。wearing 答案答案 第4页,此课件共47页哦精题在线3I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man _(sit)at the front.表示“注意到某人在做某事”是notice sb.doing sth.句型。sitting 答案答案 第5页,此课件共47页哦精题在线4After the student left,the teacher let another student taste the water.He spit it out,_(say)it
4、 was awful.句中He是主语,spit是谓语动词,所给动词say前面没有并列连词,即不作并列谓语,它应是非谓语动词;又因he与say是主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语,填saying。顺便说说,saying可以转换成由and said作并列谓语。saying 答案答案 第6页,此课件共47页哦精题在线5She wished that he was as easy _(please)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.在形容词后作状语,只能用动词不定式。to please 答案答案 第7页,此课件共47页哦非谓语主要考查
5、三个方面:(1)现在分词作伴随状语;(2)不定式作状语;(3)分词作宾补。语法填空题中,若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.ing形式,ed形式,还是to do,确定的方法主要有:技巧点拨第8页,此课件共47页哦1作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用ing形式;若是被动关系,用ed形式。(详见上述第1,2,4小题的解题思路)2作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。(详见上述第5小题的解题思路)3作宾语补足语则为do,to do,ving,ved形式,由不同的动词句型,以及宾语与宾补之间的主动或被动关系而定。(详见上述第3
6、小题的解题思路)技巧点拨第9页,此课件共47页哦4作主语或宾语,通常用ving形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。5作表语最主要的是现在分词与过去分词:表示人“感到的”用ed形式;说明事物或人是“令人的”,用ing形式。技巧点拨第10页,此课件共47页哦(一)非谓语动词的句法功能考点归纳成分形式主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词分词第11页,此课件共47页哦(二)非谓语动词的时态语态(以do为例)考点归纳语态时态不定式ing形式ed形式(过去分词)主动一般式to do进行式to be doingdoingdone是唯一形式(表示被动、完成,或没有时间性)完成式to have
7、donehaving done(只作状语)被动一般式to be donebeing done完成式to have been donehaving been done(只作状语)第12页,此课件共47页哦一、不定式.不定式作主语不定式可以作主语,一般表示具体的某次动作。如:To complete the program needs much effort.完成这项计划需要很大的努力。To read it again is necessary.再读一遍是必要的。考点归纳第13页,此课件共47页哦【名师点津】(1)不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后面。It is exc
8、iting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。考点归纳第14页,此课件共47页哦(2)不定式和动名词都可作主语。动名词多表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念或一个已经完成了的动作,强调的是事情本身。Collecting stamps can enlarge ones knowledge.集邮可以扩大知识面。Smoking is not allowed here.此地禁止吸烟。考点归纳第15页,此课件共47页哦.不定式作状语不定式作状语可表示目的、原因、结果等。1不定式作目的状语。为了加以强调,有时可把不定式放在句首,或在其前加上in order或so as。In ord
9、er to arrive before dark,we started early.为了在天黑前到达,我们很早就动身了。(不定式表示目的)考点归纳第16页,此课件共47页哦注意:不定式作目的状语的特点:句意上的特点:不定式用作目的状语时,其句意特点很明显,在译成中文时通常可用“为了”来表示。结构上的特点:不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置,一是在句首,二是在句末。一般说来,用于句首属于强调性用法,即强调动词的目的。语法上的特点:从语法上看,不定式表示目的通常是指发生在谓语动作之后的动作,也就是说,若以谓语动作发生的时间为标准,用作目的状语的不定式是一个尚未发生的将来动作。考点归纳第17页,此课
10、件共47页哦2不定式作原因状语。I am so sorry to hear about your failure on business.听到关于你生意失败的事我很遗憾。考点归纳第18页,此课件共47页哦【名师点津】不定式作原因状语的情形主要在某些“be形容词不定式”的结构中。考点归纳第19页,此课件共47页哦He was glad to be home again.他又回到了家,感到很高兴。Were proud to be young people of China.作为中国的年轻人,我们感到自豪。考点归纳第20页,此课件共47页哦3不定式作结果状语。The problem is too h
11、ard for me to work out.这道题太难了,我做不出来。考点归纳第21页,此课件共47页哦.不定式作定语1不定式可用在名词、代词、序数词、the only和形容词最高级等后面作定语。常被不定式修饰的名词有:chance,need,promise,time,opportunity,way等。不定式作定语常表示将来的动作,而现在分词作定语表示正在进行的或主动的动作,过去分词作定语表示的则是完成的或被动的动作。He had no chance to go to school before liberation.解放前他没有上学的机会。考点归纳第22页,此课件共47页哦2不定式作定语和
12、所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.3不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.考点归纳第23页,此课件共47页哦注意:作名词后置定语的不定式中的动词须为及物动词,若为不及物动词,须在该动词后加上一个适当的介词。考点归纳第24页,此课件共47页哦I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的钢笔。I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的钢笔。考点归纳第25页,此课件共47页哦.不定式作表语、宾语和宾
13、补等成分1不定式作表语时,常放在系动词之后,表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等。My duty is to clean the room today.我的职责是今天打扫房间。考点归纳第26页,此课件共47页哦2不定式作宾语时,常跟在某些及物动词后面,常见的动词有:agree,dare,decide,expect,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等。We must learn to tell friends from ene
14、mies.我们必须学会识别朋友和敌人。考点归纳第27页,此课件共47页哦3不定式作宾补(主补)时,有两种情形:(1)接带to的不定式作宾补,此类动词(短语)有:advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,hate,invite,leave,like,mean,oblige,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,tell,want,warn,wish,call on,depend upon,long for,wait for等。I didnt mean you to hear
15、 it.我没打算让你听到这事。Were all longing for the new term to begin.我们都盼望新学期开始。考点归纳第28页,此课件共47页哦(2)接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有:make,have,let等使役动词以及see,watch,notice,observe,look at,feel,hear,listen to等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态,则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略,也可以保留。I can let you have one ticket.我能让你得到一张票。She was seen to enter
16、the managers office ten minutes ago.十分钟前有人看见她进了经理办公室。考点归纳第29页,此课件共47页哦二、动名词.动名词的时态、语态和否定形式1动名词的时态。动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作;完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。The students are all interested in climbing mountains.学生们都对爬山感兴趣。My uncle didnt mention having met my aunt.我叔叔没提到他见过我婶婶。考点归纳第30页,此课件共47
17、页哦2动名词的语态。如果句子的主语是该动名词动作的承受者,即句子的主语与该动名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,则该动名词需要用被动形式。He didnt mind being left at home.他不介意被留在家里。(句子的主语he与动词leave构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且动作基本同时发生,故用动名词一般式的被动语态形式)I forget having been told about it.我忘了有人告诉过我这件事。(句子的主语I是动词tell的逻辑宾语,且tell这一动作已经完成,故用动名词完成式的被动语态形式)考点归纳第31页,此课件共47页哦3所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是在其前加否定词(如n
18、ot,never等)。His job is not building houses,but designing houses.他的工作不是盖房子而是设计房子。考点归纳第32页,此课件共47页哦.动名词作主语动名词作主语可放在句首,谓语动词用单数,也可用it代替主语,常用于固定句型Its a waste of time doing.或Its no/little good/use doing.中。Reading good books makes us happy.读好书使我们快乐。It was no use sending him to a hospital.送他到医院没有用。考点归纳第33页,此
19、课件共47页哦.动名词作表语动名词作表语时,句子主语常是表示无生命事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。My job is teaching.我的工作是教学。考点归纳第34页,此课件共47页哦【名师点津】作表语的现在分词前可以用very,quite,rather,greatly等副词修饰,或与more,the most构成形容词的比较级和最高级,而动名词则不可以。考点归纳第35页,此课件共47页哦What she said was very moving.她说的话十分感人。(现在分词作表语)The film is th
20、e most fascinating.这部影片最吸引人。(现在分词作表语)考点归纳第36页,此课件共47页哦1作动词(短语)的宾语。(1)常见后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有:consider,suggest/advise,excuse/pardon,admit,delay/put off,fancy,avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practise,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,forbid,imagine,risk,cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape等。David suggested selling your h
21、ouse and car to pay the debt.David建议卖掉你的房子和车来抵债。I couldnt risk missing that train.我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。考点归纳第37页,此课件共47页哦(2)有的动词或动词短语后跟动名词作宾语和跟不定式作宾语时的意义不同。这些动词或动词短语常见的有mean,remember,try,stop,go on,forget,regret等。He was reading when he heard the doorbell ring.He opened the door and went on reading.他在看书时听到门铃
22、响了。他开了门又继续看书。When he finished doing his homework,he went on to practise playing the piano.他做完作业后,又接着练习弹钢琴。考点归纳第38页,此课件共47页哦2作介词的宾语,也常用于固定短语和句型中。如:be/get used to,devote.to.,look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,think of,be proud of,prevent.from.,keep.from.,be engaged in,feel like以及have some di
23、fficulty/trouble/problems/fun/pleasure/a good time/a hard time(in),there is no need/use/harm/hurry(in)等。如:We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我们正考虑为下学期制订一项新的计划。考点归纳第39页,此课件共47页哦三、分词分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种,在句中可作状语、定语或补语等。分词不仅是高中阶段的重难点,更是历年高考的考查热点。.分词的时态和语态1现在分词的一般式:即现在分词所表示的动作和主句的动作基本同时发生
24、或现在分词的动作正在发生。Hearing the bell,the students entered the classroom.听见铃声,学生们进入教室。(“听见”和“进入”两个动作基本同时发生)The building being built now is our new library.现在正在建设中的这栋大楼是我们的新图书馆。(being built为现在分词的被动式,表示动作正在进行之中)考点归纳第40页,此课件共47页哦2现在分词的完成式:即现在分词所表示的动作在主句的动作之前发生。Having done the work,he went home.做完了工作,他就回家了。(“完成
25、”这个动作在“回家”这个动作之前发生)Having been warned many times,they became more careful.被警告多次之后,他们变得更加小心。(“警告”这个动作在“变得更加小心”这个动作之前发生)考点归纳第41页,此课件共47页哦.分词作状语1现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。(1)时间状语(分词前面可加when,while等)Hearing the good news,he jumped with great joy.(2)原因状语Not having finished her work in time,she was fired b
26、y the boss.Seeing nobody at home,he decided to leave them a note.(3)伴随状语The girls came in,following their parents.(4)结果状语The poor old man died,leaving nothing to his children.考点归纳第42页,此课件共47页哦注意:现在分词作状语的几个特性:时间性。与谓语动词同时发生,用一般式,如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子主语之间的关系,是主谓关系。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。但ge
27、nerally speaking(一般来说),frankly speaking(坦白地说),judging from(根据来判断),supposing(假设),considering(考虑到),allowing for(考虑到)等悬垂分词的逻辑主语可以与句子的主语不一致。Generally speaking,boys are more interested in such activities than girls.一般来说,男孩比女孩对这些活动更感兴趣。考点归纳第43页,此课件共47页哦2过去分词作状语,可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句,用来说明原因、时间、条件、伴随等。(1)作原因状语Ti
28、red by the trip,he soon fell asleep.Because he was tired by the trip,he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought,he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought,he almost ran into a car.考点归纳第44页,此课件共47页哦(2)作时间状语Seen from the hill,the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hill,it looks l
29、ike a garden.(3)作条件状语Given more time,I would have worked out the problem.If I have been given more time,I would have worked out the problem.(4)作伴随状语The teacher came in,followed by some students.The teacher came in and(he)was followed by some students.考点归纳第45页,此课件共47页哦四、with复合结构1with/without名词/代词形容词H
30、e is used to sleeping with the windows open.他习惯开着窗户睡觉。2with/without名词/代词副词She left the room with all the lights on.她离开了屋子,里面所有的灯都亮着。3with/without名词/代词介词短语He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.他手里拿着一根棍子走进漆黑的街道。考点归纳第46页,此课件共47页哦4with/without名词/代词动词不定式With so much work to do,I have no
31、 time for a holiday.有这么多工作要做,我没有时间休假。5with/without名词/代词分词We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.在这个小男孩的引领下,我们很轻易地找到了这个房子。(现在分词表示主动动作,即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的)With all the things she needed bought,she went home happily.她高兴地回家了,带着买的所有她需要的物品。(过去分词表示被动,with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系)考点归纳第47页,此课件共47页哦