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1、高考非谓语讲解含解题技巧第1页，此课件共85页哦主谓宾 定 状补2The famous doctor give birth to a babyhelped the pregnant womanlast Friday.to第2页，此课件共85页哦英语一句话只能有英语一句话只能有一个主谓一个主谓结构结构如果出现更多动词：如果出现更多动词：加连词（加连词（and/but/so）放入从句放入从句 变为非谓语动词变为非谓语动词 She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.When she got off the bus,she left her
2、 handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,but she left her handbag on her seat.3第3页，此课件共85页哦谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.A.angrily pointingB.and point angrily C.angrily pointedD.and angrily pointing2.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and
3、 took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing,disappeared B.seized.,disappeared C.seizing,disappearing D.seized,disappearing 两个动作之间用两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故故B、D皆错；不用皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。错。seized 和和 took 是并列谓语，是并列谓语，disappea
4、ring 是伴随状语。此题的关键是是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果的位置，如果 and 在在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。前，则三个动词并列。AD非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。动词。第4页，此课件共85页哦非谓语不定式（to do)to do)doing doing (动名词、现在分词)done done(过去分词)非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些？第5页，此课件共85页哦非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 补语补语 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语to dodoingdone非谓语动词在句中通常
5、作什么成分？非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？第6页，此课件共85页哦非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 补语补语 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语to dodoingdone第7页，此课件共85页哦1、作主语或表语时作主语或表语时在表示比较抽象的在表示比较抽象的一般行为一般行为时多用时多用doingdoing；在表示在表示具体的动作具体的动作，特别是，特别是将来的将来的动作时，多用动作时，多用to to dodo。1.Smoking is not allowed here.(表习惯、爱好、或抽象的动作、经常做的事情。)2.To smoke so much is not good for you
6、.(表具体的、一次性动作、要做的事情。)3.Their job is building houses.(抽象、经常的动作)4.Their work is to build another bridge across the river.(具体、要做的动作)第8页，此课件共85页哦1.Fishing is his favorite hobby,and _.A.hed like to collect coins as well B.he feels like collecting coins,too C.to collect coins is also his hobby D.collecting
7、 coins also gives him great pleasure 2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having在在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词连接的并列句中，两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词 fishing 和和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓
8、鱼是他的钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”DD第9页，此课件共85页哦非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：1.并行结构问题，并行结构问题，Seeing is believing./To see is to believe.2.需要注意一些结构：需要注意一些结构：A)在在 Its no use(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名等结构中只用动名 词作主语。词作主语。如：如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow.注意比较：注意比较：The
9、res no need to tell him about it.B)在在 Its+adj.+to do。注意两种句型：。注意两种句型：Its easy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enough)后加后加 for sb.to do Its kind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless
10、,brave,considerate(考虑周到的考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的自私的)后加后加 of sb.to do第10页，此课件共85页哦3.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not makeB在（在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式后常跟不定式非谓语动词作非谓语动词作表语表语时要特别注意两个问题，时要特别注意两个问题，1.并行结构并行结构
11、问题，问题，2.时间问题时间问题。to do作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦目的、愿望、梦想、需求想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。doing作表语一般用来表示作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业身份、职业”等。等。第11页，此课件共85页哦注：注：注：注：1 1动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：动动名名词词作作表表语语时时相相当当于于名名词词，说说明明主主语语的的含含义义及及内内容容，它它与与主主语语是是同同等等关关系系，主主语语与与表表语语互互换换位位置置
12、不不影影响响句句子子的的基基本本含含义义，但但不不可可用用副副词来修饰。词来修饰。现现在在分分词词作作表表语语时时相相当当于于形形容容词词，说说明明主主语语的的特特征征、性性质质、状状态态等等，主主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very,quite等副词来修饰，如：等副词来修饰，如：My job is looking after the children.Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.The situation is encouraging.This cake is very inviting.The vo
13、lleyball match we watched was very exciting.第12页，此课件共85页哦注：注：注：注：2 2过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：vWhat he said sounds_(convince).vHe was _(interest)in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest)convincinginterestedinteresting使信服第13页，此课件共85页哦类似情况还有：surprisin
14、g surprised,exciting excited,tiring tired,disappointing disappointed,encouraging encouraged，amazed amazing,bored boring,pleasing pleased,astonishing astonished.-ed 分词分词Sb.+Link.v+-ed分词分词-ing分词分词 Sth.+Link.v+-ing分词分词 人的感觉人的感觉事物本身的特点事物本身的特点第14页，此课件共85页哦非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 补语补语 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing
15、分词分词过去分词过去分词2、作宾语时作宾语时第15页，此课件共85页哦不定式和动名词都可作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？有何区别？2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语第16页，此课件共85页哦 1.有些动词后只跟有些动词后只跟to do作宾语，如：作宾语，如：manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fa
16、il,help(帮助帮助)，want(想要想要),refuse等。等。2.有些动词后只跟有些动词后只跟doing作宾语，如：作宾语，如：avoid,admit,consider,miss,delay/postpone,suggest/advise,finish,practise,enjoy/appreciate,imagine,resist/cant help,deny,envy,escape,risk,stand,mind,keep/keep on prefer.to.,look forward to,be used to,devote to,lead to,get down to,give
17、 up,keep on,succeed in,feel like,be busy,be worth,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)注：在动词注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(advise,allow,forbid(禁止禁止)，permitpermit（允许）等后，如果（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。We dont allow fishing here.We dont allow people to fish here.第17页，此课件共85页哦1
18、)I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop 2)He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lostCB第18页
19、，此课件共85页哦有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：I forgot to close the door before I left the room.I forgot having closed the door.He tried to write better.(尽量努力地写尽量努力地写)He tried writing with a brush.(用毛笔试着写用毛笔试着写)I couldnt help finishing it.(不能不结束某事不能不结束某事)I couldnt help to fini
20、sh it.(不能帮助结束某事不能帮助结束某事)They stopped fishing.(停止钓鱼停止钓鱼)They stopped to fish.(离开某处出发去钓鱼离开某处出发去钓鱼)I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle.(对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)I regret not taking your advice.(后悔后悔)3.remember,forget,regret,try,go on,mean,miss,stop第19页，此课件共85页哦4.主动表被动主动表被动:want (需
21、要)need (需要)require (需要)Sth.+deserve(值得，应受)+doing 使用动名词作宾语时，使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动用主动形式表达被动含义含义to be done使用不定式作宾语使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义式表达被动含义第20页，此课件共85页哦1.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ to my new job.A.expectedB.to expect C.to be expecting D.expectsB注意注意1：不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,w
22、hich,when,how,whatwho,which,when,how,what等连用，在等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.第21页，此课件共85页哦非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 补语补语 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词3、作补语时作补语时第22页，此课件共85页哦The teacher
23、told me to clean the blackboard.五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feel2.当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等等.医生建医生建议议他去南方他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.+sb to do1.1.能接带
24、能接带toto的不定式作补足语的动词的不定式作补足语的动词第23页，此课件共85页哦3.3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。义不同。I saw him go upstairs.（动作全过程）I saw him going upstairs.（动作正在进行）Dont have me waiting for you outside?I wont.I just have my hair cut.第24页，此课件共85页哦 I heard her _(sing)an English song just now.She was heard
25、to sing an English song.I heard her _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.She was heard singing the song.(She was heard to be singing the song.错）I heard the English song _(sing)many times.I heard the English song _(sing)when I passed by her room yesterday.singsingingsungbeing su
26、ng第25页，此课件共85页哦Fill in the blank:1.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly _.(clean)2.Last night I saw him _(play)the violin with his eyes _(shut).“被动被动”“主动主动”cleanedplayingshut“被动被动”第26页，此课件共85页哦I heard my sister _ that song in English outside.(sing)They once heard the song _ in English.Mother
27、 heard her kid _ the door.Mother heard the door _.(open)With the test _(finish),we began to analyze the result.Would you please speak louder so as to _?A.make you hear B.make yourself hear C.make you heard D.make yourself heardDsingingsungopeningopened巩固练习三巩固练习三finished第27页，此课件共85页哦1.The boy wanted
28、to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not toB.not to doC.not to itD.do not toA为了避免重复，常用省为了避免重复，常用省do留留 to 来代替前面的动作。如：来代替前面的动作。如：e.g.:Would you like to go with me?Yes,_.A.Id like to B.Id like to go注意：不定式是注意：不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.e.g.:Would you like to be a teacher?Yes,_.A.I
29、d like to be.B.Id like to.AA第28页，此课件共85页哦2.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning3.A computer does only what thinking people _.A.have it doB.have it done C.have done itD.having it done使役动词使役动词 make/have/let sb.do sth.但改为被动语态后，则应为：但改为被动语态后，则应为：be made/
30、let to do。注意其它不带。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定式的用法。的动词不定式的用法。此句中的此句中的 it 指代的是指代的是 a computer，what 在从句中作在从句中作 do 的宾语，表的宾语，表示示“人们让计算机所做的事人们让计算机所做的事“应该用应该用 people have a computer do 这一结构。需要注意的是这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个常用结构：的几个常用结构：have sb./sth.do;have sb./sth.done;have sb./sth.doing;have sb./sth.to doBA第29页，此课件共85页哦4.The
31、 managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year.A.carry outB.carrying out C.carried outD.to carry out5.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.playingB.to be playing C.play D.to playthat 引导的是定语从句，修饰引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作，在从句中作 see 的宾的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为语。因此从句中的结构应为 see t
32、he plan carried out。特别注。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。为正在进行的动作。CA第30页，此课件共85页哦非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 补语补语 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词4、作定语时作定语时第31页，此课件共85页哦 to do,doing,done都可以作定
33、语，主要区别在于都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。它们的时态意义和语态意义。1.to doto do作定作定语语u不定式与它所修饰的词有不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系动宾关系Have you anything to send?（不定式（不定式执执行者行者为为you)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或你有什么要（我或别别人）寄的人）寄的吗吗？(不定式执行者为被省略的不定式执行者为被省略的me或或someone else）不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 同位关系 I have no chance to go the
34、re.u被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 主谓关系 She is the last to leave the room.第32页，此课件共85页哦He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to studyto worry about（没有什么可担心的没有什么可担心
35、的）a room to live in注意：作定语的不定式如果是注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，或者不定式所修或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具地点工具等，不定式后面等，不定式后面须有相应的须有相应的介词介词。第33页，此课件共85页哦2.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：doing表示主动、进行之意；表示主动、进行之意；done表示被动与完成；表示被动与完成；to do表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。的动作。The question _(disc
36、uss)at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.The question _(discuss)at the meeting now is of quite importance.The question _(discuss)at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.discussedbeing discussedto be discussed第34页，此课件共85页哦注：注：doing作定语有时意义不同：作定语有时意义不同：a walking stickA swimming poolA
37、sleeping car区别区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表示动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态示该名词所处的状态第35页，此课件共85页哦注意：现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如如果两个动作有先有后果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句要用定语从句（避免用现在分词的完成式作定语）e.g.The teacher criticized the student who had bro
38、ken the window.第36页，此课件共85页哦非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 补语补语 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词5、作状语时作状语时 能作状语的有能作状语的有to do,doing,doneto do,doing,done。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。第37页，此课件共85页哦*1.1.表目的表目的I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.in order to,so as to（不能
39、放句首）（不能放句首）2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果表结果This room is big enough to hold us.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.enoughto,tooto,only to to do to do 作状语作状语第38页，此课件共85页哦分词作状语，分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况伴随情况等。等。一般说来，
40、这一结构的逻辑主语一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语是主句的主语,而句子本身可与而句子本身可与状语从句状语从句等句型等句型转换。转换。第39页，此课件共85页哦1.When we heard the news,we jumped with joy.=Hearing the news,we jumped with joy.2.When it is heated,the metal expands.Heated,the metal expands.3.Because he didnt know how to do it,he went to his father for help.=Not
41、knowing how to do it,he went to his father for help.4.As they were deeply moved,the children began to cry.=Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.“主动主动”“被动被动”表示表示时间时间表示表示原因原因=第40页，此课件共85页哦5._(look)out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.=If you look out of the window,you
42、 can have a full view of the beach.6._(keep)in fridge,these vegetables will remain fresh.=If they are kept in fridge,these vegetables will remain fresh.表示表示条件条件Looking Kept 第41页，此课件共85页哦7.The children rushed out,shouting and jumping.8.She walked out of the house,_by her little daughter.(follow)9.She
43、 walked out of the house,_ her little daughter.(follow)10.(consider)as a building material,wood is not very strong.=Although it is considered as a building material,wood is not very strong.表示表示让步让步表示表示方式和方式和伴随情况伴随情况followedfollowingConsidered 第42页，此课件共85页哦11.The car was held up by the snowstorm,thus
44、 _(cause)the delay.12.The girl met with an accident when crossing the road,_ in the head.表示结果表示结果分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。e.g.heated,ice can be changed into waterWhen tired,I went on with the work.walking in the street,I saw a road accidentWhileThoughcausingwounded第43页，此课件共85页哦现在分词与不定式作结
45、果状语时的区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别 1).European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 1998)A.making B.makes C.make D.to make 2).He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.(2005广东广东)A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found doingdoing作结果状语往往表示作结果状语往往表示
46、“正常出现的、自然而正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中然的或意料之中”的结果。的结果。to do to do 作结果状语时通常表示作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料偶然的、出乎意料的的”一种结果一种结果 AA第44页，此课件共85页哦分词的逻辑主语分词的逻辑主语:分词的分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语一般为一般为_,但当分词的但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致不一致时，分词时，分词前必须有自己的主语，前必须有自己的主语，e.g.If weather permits,we will have a field trip.Weather permitting,well
47、have a field trip tomorrow 这被称为这被称为_。时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔.Time permitting,we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou.主句的主语主句的主语分词的独立结构分词的独立结构第45页，此课件共85页哦1)_(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful._(see)from the hill,you will find the city beautiful.2)Generally speaking,when _(take)accordin
48、g to the directions,the drug has no side effect.If _(take)the drug according to the directions,you will be better soon.SeenSeeing takentaking第46页，此课件共85页哦*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。如：Judging from the expression on his face,he had failed the driving test again Generally speaking,girls are more
49、 careful than boys.类似的还有:Speaking ofTalking of 第47页，此课件共85页哦1._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.LosingB.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose2.He sent me an E-mail,_ to get further information.A.hopedB.hopingC.to hopeD.hopelose oneself in sth.表示表示“陷入陷入”，主语，主语 he 为为 lose 的宾语。的宾语。注意注意 h
50、oping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的 to get。CB第48页，此课件共85页哦3.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A.beginsB.having begunC.beginningD.begun4.Finding her car stolen,_.A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searching thoroughly C.it was looked for