《V-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补用法要点解读与训练- 高考英语一轮复习素材.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《V-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补用法要点解读与训练- 高考英语一轮复习素材.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、V-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补用法要点解读与训练语法解读一、V-ing形式作表语V-ing形式在连系动词后面作表语时，具有双重性：1. 具有名词性质，用于说明主语的情况或详细内容，多表示一般性或抽象性的行为。如：Li Ming's hobby is collecting stamps. 李明的爱好是收集邮票。My work is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。2. amuse， astonish， charm， confuse， disappoint， encourage， excite， interest， move等表示心理状态的及物动词可用其V-ing形
2、式作表语，意为“令人的”。此时的V-ing形式的功能相当于形容词，常指人或物所具有的特征。如：The news is very disappointing. 这个消息很令人失望。To our disappointment， the result was so shocking. 使我们失望的是，这结果太令人吃惊了。【特别注意】1. 作表语的V-ing形式与进行时态中的V-ing形式相同，但功能不同。前者说明主语的性质或情况，后者说明动作是由主语完成的。如：Travelling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。（表性质）They are play
3、ing basketball on the play- ground now. 他们现在在操场上打篮球。（表动作）2. excite， interest， amuse， astonish， charm，confuse等心理状态类及物动词的V-ing形式表示“令人的”，而V-ed形式表示“感到的”。这类词常见的有：interesting 使人感到有趣的/interested 感到有兴趣的;exciting 令人激动的/excited 感到激动的;delighting 令人高兴的/delighted 感到高兴的;disappointing 令人失望的/disappointed 感到失望的;enco
4、uraging 令人鼓舞的/encouraged 感到鼓舞的;pleasing 令人愉快的/pleased 感到愉快的;puzzling 令人费解的/puzzled 感到费解的;satisfying 令人满意的/satisfied 感到满意的;surprising 令人惊异的/surprised 感到惊异的;worrying 令人担心的/worried 感到担心的。二、V-ing形式作定语V-ing形式作名词修饰语时即定语，可以分为两类：前置定语和后置定语。其中前置定语在高考中考查得比较少，而后置定语是高考的重要考点。1. V-ing形式作前置定语（1） 单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。如：I
5、n the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。That is a very exciting story. 那是一个很令人激动的故事。Everyone knows that barking dogs seldom bite. 大家都知道吠犬不咬人。This is an interesting film. 这是一部有趣的电影。（2） 有时V-ing 形式可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。如：Australia is an English-speaking country. 澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。The fast-g
6、rowing economy has caused environmental problems. 快速增长的经济引起了环境问题。（3） V-ing 形式作定语时表示的动作有时表示“在进行”，有时表示“经常”（coming 表将来）。如：The sleeping boy is Simon. 正在睡觉的男孩是西蒙。The paper-making factory is near our school. 这家造纸厂在我们学校附近。2. V-ing形式作后置定语（1） 往往表示正在发生或与谓语动词同时发生的动作，其作用相当于一个定语从句。如：The man standing by the windo
7、w （=who is standing by the window） is our teacher. 那个站在窗户旁边的人是我们的老师。The young man breaking the law （=who broke the law） was sentenced to death. 违反了法律的那个年轻人被判处死刑。The boy sitting by me is my son. 坐在我旁边的男孩是我的儿子。Who is the girl standing by the door？ 站在门边的那个女孩是谁？I don't know the man going upstairs. 我
8、不认识上楼的那个男人。Tell the children playing football outside not to make too much noise. 告诉在外面踢足球的孩子们不要弄出太大的噪音。（2） V-ing 形式可起非限制性定语作用，常用逗号分开。如：Jackson， wearing beautiful clothing， followed me down the hill. 杰克逊穿着漂亮的衣服，跟着我下山了。特别注意V-ing形式和过去分词作定语时的区别：There were about 200 children studying in the art school.
9、有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。When I entered the room， I found a broken glass on the floor. 当我进入房间的时候，我发现地板上有一只被打破的玻璃杯。三、V-ing形式作宾补V-ing形式作宾补，强调宾语的动作是主动的，又是正在进行的;宾语和宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。其主要用于以下几种情况：1. 在see， hear， feel， find， smell， watch， find， listen to， look at， notice， observe等感官动词后V-ing形式作宾补，强调动作正在进行。如：We heard
10、 her singing in her room. 我们听见她在她的房间里唱歌。He saw a girl getting on the tractor. 他看见一个女孩正在上拖拉机。The salesman caught the boy stealing in the shop. 那个男售货员发现这个男孩在商店里偷东西。2. 在with复合结构中，V-ing形式表示主动关系，往往有进行的意思。如：The poor man begged from door to door， with a lot of children following behind. 那个可怜的人挨家挨户地乞讨，后面跟着许
11、多孩子。3. 在set， keep， have， get， leave等使役动词后V-ing形式作宾补，构成“have / leave.+宾语+doing”结构，表示“使一直做”，这里V-ing形式强调动作正在进行或状态在持续。如：I won't have you standing long. 我不會让你站得太久的。特别注意注意区别V-ing形式与不定式、过去分词作宾语补足语：V-ing形式强调动作的主动、正在进行;不定式强调动作的全过程，如果是被动的时候，要跟带to 的不定式;过去分词强调动作的被动、完成。比较：I saw him opening the window. （在开窗户）
12、I saw the window opened. （窗户开着）I saw him open the window. （开了窗户）=He was seen to open the window.I heard them singing that song. 我听见他们正在唱那首歌。I heard them sing that song. 我听见他们唱了那首歌。I heard that song sung. 我听人唱过那首歌。跟踪训练I. 单句语法填空。1. We all believe that if a book is _ （interest）， it will surely interest
13、 the reader.2. The purpose of new teaching method is making study easier， not _ （make） it more difficult.3. It was said that the missing students were last seen _ （play） near the river.4. The police woman looked around and caught a young man _ （put） his hand into the pocket of a passenger.5. Every t
14、eacher said Mike was a _（promise） boy when in school.6. Mr. White， tired of the _ （bore） TV play， started to read a novel.7. When the girl got back home from work she saw a message pinned to the door _ （read） “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”8. In spite of his broken English， he can make himself
15、 _ （understand）.9. The murder was brought in， with his hands _ （tie） behind his back.10. The thief was observed _ （open） the door.II. 分析下列句子中的V-ing形式作哪种定语。1. Last night， there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV._2. Today there are more airplanes carrying more people tha
16、n ever before in the skies._3. He can't walk without a walking-stick._4. Is there a swimming pool in your school？ _5. The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father._III. 单句改错。1. On the top of the hill， he could see smoke rise from the chimneys in the village.2. You will see this pr
17、oduct advertise wherever you go.3. The hare was seen run into the bushes and disappear.4. He didn't keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch repairing.5. They urged the committee make the decision soon.IV. 语法填空。A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. _1_ （
18、hesitate） for a moment， she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. _2_ （glance） at her scornfully （轻蔑地）， he told her that the dress had been sold. _3_（walk） out of the shop angrily， she decided to pun
19、ish the assistant the next day. She returned to the shop the following morning _4_ （wear） a fur coat， holding a handbag in one hand _5_ a long umbrella in the other. After _6_ （seek） out the rude assistant， she asked for the same dress. Not realizing _7_ she was， the assistant was eager to se
20、rve her this time. _8_ great difficulty， he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. On _9_ （see） it， the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistance bring almost everything in the window before finally _10_（buy） the dress she had first asked for.答案I. 1. int
21、eresting 2. making 3. playing 4. putting5. promising 6. boring 7. reading 8. understood 9. tied 10. to openII. 1. V-ing形式短语watching the opening ceremony live on TV作后置定语。2. V-ing形式短语carrying more people than ever before in the skies作后置定语。3. V-ing形式walking作前置定语。4. V-ing形式swimming作前置定语。5. V-ing形式短语speaking to the teacher作后置定语。III. 1. riserising 2. advertiseadvertised 3. seen后加to 4. repairingrepaired 5. committee后加toIV. 1. Having hesitated 2. Glancing 3. Walking4. wearing 5. and 6. seeking 7. who 8. With 9. seeing 10. buying