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1、宾语从句讲练 讲义一、宾语从句的引导词问题1. 宾语从句的引导词可分为三类： 从属连词 that， whether， if，它們在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分，whether与if常译为“是否”。 连接代词what， who， which， whose，这些词在从句中除起连接作用外，还可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。 连接副词when， where， how， why， whenever， wherever， whoever等。它们在从句中除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当状语。2. that与what的区别由它们的分类可知，若从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语等成分，须用what，否则用t
2、hat。如：He told me what had happened just now. （what作主语）I think that all the answers are correct. （that不作句子成分）3. if和whether的区别在宾语从句中，whether和if一般可以互换，但在下列情况下须用whether： 与or not连用时。如：I don't know whether he has returned or not. 我不知道他是否回来。 从句作介词的宾语时。如：That depends on whether he would like to go with
3、you. 这决定于他是否愿意和你一起去。 作discuss等词的宾语。如：We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论了是否关店的问题。 从句放在主句之前时。如：Whether he is a scientist， no one knows. 是否他是个科学家，没有人知道。二、宾语从句的语序问题无论什么样的宾语从句，从句中的语序都是陈述句形式的，即“主+谓”。即使特殊疑问词作主语时，变成宾语从句后语序也不变化。如：Do you know whose room this is？ 你知道这是谁的房间吗？He wondered who had
4、 broken the glass. 他不知道谁打碎了玻璃。He asked what was the matter. 他问发生了什么事。三、宾语从句的时态问题1. 主句如果是一般现在时，从句可根据需要使用各种时态。如：I think （that） he was born in 1980. 我想他出生于1980年。We agree that he has finished most of the work. 我们同意他已经完成了大部分的工作。2. 主句如果是一般过去时，从句必须用相应的过去时态。如：He said he had been to Guang Zhou twice. 他说他已经去过
5、广州两次了。The teacher asked which subject I liked best. 老师问我最喜欢哪一门课。【注意】从句如果表达的是自然现象、客观事实或真理、名言、谚语等时，尽管主句用一般过去时，从句也不受主语的限制而用一般现在时。如：He said the earth goes round the sun. 他说地球绕着太阳转。四、宾语从句还要注意以下几个方面：1. 宾语从句的否定转移若主句中的谓语动词是think， believe， suppose， guess等词，主语为第一人称，则从句中的否定词要转移到主句中来。如：I don't think he stol
6、e the bike. 我认为他没有偷自行车。【注意】主语为第一人称时，变成反意疑问句时附加问句要由从句来定，否则根据主句。如：I think that he has done his best， hasn't he？ 我认为他已经做到最好了，不是吗？2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 当宾语从句的谓语是suggest （建议）， request， insist， desire， demand， propose， order， command， arrange等表示建议、命令、坚持等的动词时，从句中要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。如：He suggested
7、that we （should） start the work at once. 他建议我们立刻开始工作。He ordered that all the lights （should） be turned off by 10：00 p.m. 他命令在晚上十点钟所有的灯都要关掉。 wish后面的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气;用情态动词过去式表示与将来事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。如：I wish I could fly to the moon one day. 我希望有一天能飞到月亮上去。I wish I spoke English fluently. 多么希
8、望我的英语能讲得很流利啊！I wish I hadn't wasted so much time. 我要是过去没浪费那么多时间就好了。五、宾语从句与简单句的简化1. 改为不定式 改为“V + 不定式短语”。当主句谓语动词是hope， agree， choose， wish， decide， promise （许诺）等动词，且主语和从句的主语相同时，可进行这种转换。如：He hopes that he can get a higher score this time.He hopes to get a higher score this time. 他希望这次能得高一些的分数。 改为“疑
9、问词+不定式”结构。当主句谓语动词是ask， tell， forget， remember等动词时，宾语从句可转化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：I forgot how I opened that secret door.I forgot how to open that secret door. 我忘了怎么打开那扇神秘的門。 改为“it + 形容词+不定式短语”。如：I found that it was exciting to listen to his lecture.I found it exciting to listen to his lecture. 我发现听他的讲座很令人兴奋。
10、2. 改为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾补）”。如：Tom found that there was a girl singing in the next room.Tom found a girl singing in the next room. 汤姆发现有个女孩在隔壁唱歌。3. 改为名词或名词短语。如：I'll take back what I said. I'll take back my words. 我将收回我的话。Could you tell us how we can get to the museum？Could you tell us the way to t
11、he museum？ 你能告诉我们去博物馆的路吗？4. 改为V-ing形式。如：I remember that I have bought her a present. I remember buying her a present. 我记得给她买了一件礼物。5. 改为过去分词或过去分词短语。如：They noticed that someone has moved the stone.They noticed the stone moved. 他们发现石头被移动了。跟踪精练I. 单句语法填空。1. Scientists study _ human brains work to make co
12、mputers.2. The villagers have already known _ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.3. We haven't settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.4. When changing lanes， a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _ lane he is entering.5. I don't suppos
13、e anyone _（volunteer）， will they？6. Teachers recommend parents _ （allow） their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.7. Where are the children？ The dinner's going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ （be） always late.8. The newcomer went to the library the other day and search
14、ed for _ he could find about Mark Twain.II. 把下列划线的句子变成宾语从句。The man sitting behind the desk told us that would be our substitute teacher （代课教师）. Our science teacher was sick in hospital.“（1） My name is Mr. Johnson. （2） I have written on the board. You don't call me Mr. history teacher. I want you
15、r help， （3） I will be your substitute teacher until your normal teacher is 100 percent well again. （4） I am going to know all of you. I am usually a history teacher. I want your help.”I asked my classmate， （5） “How old is he？ （6） Is he strict？ （7） Dose he act strangely？（8） Will he make long speeches
16、？”答案I. 1. how 2. what 3. whether 4. which 5. will volunteer 6. （should） not allow 7. were 8. whateverII. 1. The teacher said that his name was Mr. Johnson.2. The teacher declared that he had written it on the board.3. The teacher said that he would be our substitute until our normal teacher was 100 percent well again.4. The teacher said that he was going to know all of us.5. I asked my classmate how old he was.6. I asked my classmate if / whether he was strict.7. I asked my classmate if / whether he acted strangely.8. I asked my classmate if / whether he would make long speeches.