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1、秘笈03 形容词、副词考点 1 形容词和副词形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类,主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面:1. 形容词的比较等级;2. 形容词词义辨析;3. 形容词短语搭配。纵观近年各地市中考题,对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中,要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫,同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。中考考查重点:一、形容词词义辨析;二、形容词短语搭配;三、副
2、词的基本用法;四、副词的分类;五、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。考向1 形容词的分类分类说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中,大量的形容词属于这一类别,多数有比较级和最高级,有程度大小的区别,可以使用程度副词修饰。funny滑稽的,lovely可爱的,healthy健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级,而且不使用程度副词修饰。financial经济的,mental脑力的,cultural文化的颜色形容词用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。blue蓝色的,green绿色的,white白色的叙述形容词这
3、类形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰,大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。afraid害怕的,alone单独的,asleep睡着的,worth值得的,ill病的分词形容词英语中有些表情感态度的动词,如excite,worry,其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化,即相当于形容词。worried担优的,worrying令人担忧的,exciting令人兴奋的,excited感到兴奋的复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。three-year-old三岁的,ordinary-looking相貌普通的,middle-aged中年的考向2 形容词
4、的句法功能成分说明例句作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面Its a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。作表语放在系动词的后面He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。做补足语作主语或宾语的补足语,说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。作状语主要表示原因、伴随或方式Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又饿,我只好停下来休
5、息一下。1.【2020·浙江温州市·九年级二模】It is _ to eat dumplings at the Spring Festival in China.AexpensiveBmodernCtraditionalDspecial【答案】C【详解】句意:春节吃饺子是中国的传统。考查形容词辨析。expensive昂贵的;modern现代的;traditional传统的;special 特殊的。根据常识可知在中国春节吃饺子是传统,故选C。考向3 副词的基本用法副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。We should lis
6、ten to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。What happened?I asked, rather angrily. 发生什么事情了?我相当生气地问。In spring, I can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。Have you read this book before? (副词,作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗?He will arrive before ten oclock.(介词,before ten
7、oclock 是介词短语,作时间状语)他将在10点钟前到达。考向4 副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为:1. 时间副词:today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still1)表示发生时间的副词:Its beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了!2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前。She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词
8、:He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2. 地点副词:here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home1)有不少表示地点的副词:She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。2)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,后跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:用作介词:Stand up!起立!用作副词: A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。3)以where构成的副词也是地点副词: Its the same everywhere. 到处都一样。3. 方式副词:well, fast, s
9、lowly, carefully, quickly1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。2)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。4. 程度副词:very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite5. 频度副词:always, often, usually, sometime
10、s, seldom, never6. 疑问副词:where, how, why7. 否定副词:no, not, neither, nor8. 其他副词:also, too, only1.【2020·广西河池市·中考真题】Jim is good at running. He can run as_ as his friend Bob.AfastBfasterCfastestDthe fastest【答案】A【详解】句意:吉姆擅长跑步,他能跑得和他的朋友鲍勃一样快。考查副词原级。动词“run”用副词修饰。根据“asas”可知表达的是“和一样”,用“as+形容词或副词原级+as”
11、的结构。空处填副词的原级fast。故选A。考向5 易混副词辨析英语中一些词加不加ly都是副词,但是意义差别很大。hard艰难地;hardly几乎没有They work very hard.他们工作非常努力。I hardly know her. 我不怎么认识她.在英文中,应该注意hard和hardly的区别,hard可以作形容词或副词,意为努力,也可以指雨大或雪大,而hardly是副词,意为几乎不。在实际使用时,应注意它们的区别。late迟到;lately最近You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。Have you see him lately? 你最近见到过他吗?pret
12、ty=very非常;prettily漂亮地The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。 The little girl is always prettily dressed.这个小女孩总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。 意思区别相近的,分别表示具体跟抽象的意思:close(具体距离上的)接近地、紧挨地;closely(抽象)亲密地They sat close together Who is closely to you, your mom or your dad?high(具体高度)高地;highly(抽象)高度地,赞赏地The kites fly high in the s
13、ky. 这些风筝在天空飞得很高。His teachers think very highly of him.(老师们很欣赏他。)老师对他评价很高。deep(空间的,具体)深度;deeply(抽象,感情上的)深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。wide具体距离很宽;widely广泛地The door was wide open.门被开得大大的。We were widely different on
14、 many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。考点 2 形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词的比较等级是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用形容词和副词的比较等级的能力。中考考查重点: 1. 形容词比较等级的用法及各种句型;2. 副词等级的用法及各种句型;3. 比较级表示最高级的含义的用法。考向1 形容词比较级和最高级的构成构成方式例词规则变化单音节和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er,-estsmallsmallersmallesthighhigherhighest以不发音的
15、字母e结尾的词,加-r,-stlargelargerlargestnicenicernicest以两个辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写词尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er,-estuglyuglierugliestbusybusierbusiest少数以er或ow结尾的双音节词,词尾加-er,-estnarrownarrowernarrowestclevercleverercleverest多音节其他双音节词和多音节词及分词形容词,在词前加more,mostimpor
16、tantmore importantmost important tiredmore tiredmost tiredquickly more quickly most quickly 不规则变化bad/illworseworst;much/manymoremost;good/wellbetterbest;farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest;oldolder/elderoldest /eldest;littlelessleast考向2 形容词比较等级的句式结构和用法句式结构含义例句A+be+形容词比较级than+B表示一方超过或低于另一方的情况You are
17、taller than me. 你比我高。Hangzhou is more beautiful than Wuhan. 杭州比武汉美丽。【知识拓展】1. 在形容词的比较级前还可以用much,even,still,a little来修饰,表示得多甚至更Our city is much more beautiful than yours. 我们的城市比你们的漂亮得多。2. 表示是几倍,大几岁,高几厘米时,可用倍数/数量词+比较级+than。Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间是他们的两倍大。She is a head taller than me.
18、 她比我高一头。3. 比较级+than any other+单数名词表示比其他的任何都,用比较级形式来表达最高级含义。He is better than any other student in the class. 他比班里其他任何一个学生都好。as+形容词原级+as表示和一样You are as tall as me. 你和我一样高。The weather in Beijing is not as( =so) hot as that in Wuhan. 北京的天气不如武汉热。【知识拓展】倍数的表达方法.times as+形容词原级+as(是的几倍),在英语中,两倍用twice,三倍及三倍以
19、上用three/four. times。This garden is ten times as large as that one. 这个花园是那个的十倍大。half as+形容词原级+as (的一半)。My handwriting is not half as good as yours. 我的书法不如你的一半好。比较级+and+比较级表示越来越China is becoming stronger and stronger. 中国正变得越来越强大。the+比较级, the+比较级表示越,就越The quicker you walk, the less time you will use. 你
20、走得越快,花的时间就越少。A+be+形容词最高级of/in表示A在某范围内是最的Michael is the best teacher in Jims eyes. 在吉姆看来,迈克尔是最好的老师。【知识拓展】在of/in后接短语表示范围时,of后接表同一类事物的名词或者代词,而in后接表示一定区域或组织等空间范围的名词。China has the largest population in the world. 中国拥有世界上最多的人口。The sun is the most important to the earth of all the stars. 在所有的星星中,太阳对地球来说最重要
21、。1.【2020·浙江九年级一模】“Food safety” problem is becoming _ these days.I think so. The government must do something to deal with it. Asmaller and smallerBbetter and betterC worse and worseDnicer and nicer【答案】C【详解】句意:食物安全问题如今正变得越来越糟糕。我认为是的。政府必须做些什么来处理它。考查形容词比较级。smaller更小;better更好;worse更糟;nicer更好。句子用“比较
22、级+比较级”表示“越来越”。根据“must do something to deal with it”可知问题变得越来越糟,用比较级worse。故选C。考向3 副词比较级和最高级的构成副词和形容词一样,也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是:单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est;多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词(early除外),前面加more或most。不规则的变化式只能采用各个击破的办法去记忆。1. 规则变化原级比较级最高级soonloudfastwideearlyhappilysoonerlouderfasterwider
23、earliermore happilysoonestloudestfastestwidestearliestmost happily2. 不规则变化 原级比较级最高级wellbadlylittlemuchfarbetterworselessmorefarther(距离)further(程度)bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest考向4 副词比较等级的句式结构和用法1. 同级比较往往由as + 形容词/ 副词的原形 + as的句式表达;当然也要注意它的否定形式、以及在第一个as前加倍数或程度副词的情况。My parcel is as heavy as yours .
24、 我的包裹与他的一样沉。It is not so hot as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那么热。2. 在as .as 的结构中,第一个as的前面可以加上表示倍数的词、或是某些副词修饰语:twice, ( three ) times, nearly, almost, just, exactly, not nearly(根本不), by no means(绝不), quite等。Asia is four tomes as large as Europe. 亚洲有欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)。James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本没有罗
25、伯特高。3. 在as.as 的结构中,我们还常见这样两种句型:as much + 不可数名词 + as 和as many + 复数可数名词 + as。He has learned as many English words as his brother (has ). 他已学了和他哥哥一样多的英文单词。4. 不同级的比较主要用表示于人与人、事物与事物之间不同之处的比较,其意义为A比B更(怎么样)一些。常用的结构是比较级 + than。They worked even harder than they promised. 他们工作得比他们答应的还要卖力。This street is narrow
26、er than that one. 这条街比那条街窄一些。5. 在比较级+ than的结构前可以加上某些副词类和表示倍数的词,以对其进行修饰,如:far(远), even(甚至), much(许多), still(更,还), a lot(许多), a little / bit(一点), rather(相当地), slightly(略微), not any(不再), three times(三倍)等。This book is far more interesting than that one. 这本书比那一本有趣多了。6. 比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构是:The + 比较级 + 句子,the
27、+ 比较级 + 句子。和比较级 + and + 比较级。The harder you work at your study, the better academic records you will have. 你学习越努力,你的成绩就越好。The more we have, the more we want. 人欲无穷。7. 没有比较对象的比较结构。所谓没有比较对象的比较结构不是指省略而言,而是指并非真正的比较。The car runs faster than 110 miles. 那辆车时速为110多英里。8. 用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。在这种情况下,往往是将一个人或是一件事与其他所
28、有的人或事相比较。He is taller than anyone else in our class. 他在我们班比其他任何人都高。9. no +比较级+ than的结构表示A和B一样不。She runs no faster than her sister. 她与她妹妹一样跑不快。Tom is no wiser than John. 汤姆和约翰一样没有聪明才智。1.【2020·全国九年级课时练习】Among all these languages, English is _used in the world.Athe most wideBwidelyCwideDthe most w
29、idely【形容词】【知识拓展】1. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热的东西吗?There is nothing important in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。2. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 这座桥长约两百米。Last year we built a building thirt
30、een storeys high. 去年,我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。3. 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列:限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)描绘性形容词大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词形状形容词年龄(新、旧)形容词颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。【易错警示】1. farther/farthest和further/furthest的区别:二者表示距离时,往往可互换,但是用于引申义,表示程度时,只能使用后者。He can throw much farther/further than you. 他可以比你扔得远得多。His suggestion is that Kate sho
31、uld be sent abroad for further education. 他的建议是凯特被派往国外进修。2. older/oldest和elder/eldest的区别:前者用于人或者物,可作定语和表语,可与than连用,而后者主要用于家人之间,表明长幼关系,往往用于人,不用于物,而且只作定语不作表语,也不与than连用。Im two years older than him. 我比他大两岁。His elder brother works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥在一家服装厂工作。【形容词】【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类
32、别往后靠。a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶【巧学顺口溜】合二为一共三对,坏病两多和两好;一分为二有两个,一是远来二是老;还有一词含双义,只记少来不记小。(对应的词为:bad/ill,many/much,good/well,far,old,little)形容词和副词比较等级的用法一、1. 同级比较:同级比较用原形,asas永不离;asas加not,只言两
33、者是同一,若是not soas,后强前弱不看齐。2. 比较级与最高级:两者比较than相连,三者比较the在前。【妙语诠释】 同级比较一般用asas表示与一样,这时谁强谁弱无法比较出来,而not soas则表示后者比前者强,翻译为不如;比较级通常和than 连用,而最高级通常跟有定冠词the。二、原级用在asas间,比较级用在than前,and连接两个比较级,说明越来越怎样。三者以上最高级,副词前可不加the,even,much和a little,也常修饰比较级。三、一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比,最高级的用法起。若将等级掌握齐,比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记,做出句子没问题。
34、若甲乙程度相同,asas 结构体。甲某方面不及乙,用 not so/asas表示。上述内容全记起,比较等级谈完毕。1. 【2020·醴陵市教育局教育教学研究室九年级期末】How many trees should we plant? _.AThe more, the betterBMore or lessCMore and more2.【2020·河北石家庄市·石家庄二中九年级二模】The _ you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.AcarefulBcarelessCmore carefulDmore careless3.【
35、2020·辽宁朝阳市】 China is over 5,000 years old. It's one of _ countries in the world. Yes. It has a much _ history than the US.Aold; longBthe oldest; longerColder; longerDolder; the longest4.【2020·全国九年级单元测试】Im very proud that Beijing is one of_cities in the world.AbigBbiggerCbiggestDthe big
36、gest5.【2020·全国九年级单元测试】Songhua University was set up in 1911. It has become one of _ universities in the world.Amore famousBthe more famousCmost famousDthe most famous6.【2020·元氏县龙泉中校九年级二模】Steven asked the taxi driver to drive a little _ because he had to catch the last train.AquicklyBthe mo
37、st quicklyCmore quicklyDless quickly7.【2020·长沙市开福区青竹湖湘一外国语学校九年级开学考试】The _ you work at your lessons, the _ experience you will get.Amore hardly; moreBharder; muchCharder; more8.【2020·山东临沂市·九年级竞赛】What do you think of her teaching English?Great! No one teaches_ in our school.AgoodBworseC
38、better9. 【2020·全国九年级单元测试】“We shouldnt worry about Marry.” “You are right. She is _ to look after _.”Aold enough; herselfBbig enough; herselfCenough old; herDenough big; her10.【2020·山东济南市】He is such a well-known writer that his books are _ read all over the world.AhardlyBwidelyCclearlyDpoli
39、tely 1Tom, how are you feeling today?Much _. I don't think I can go to school tomorrow.AbetterBworseCbrighterDhappier2The more you practice, _your English will be.I agree. Practice makes perfect. Athe betterBthe worseCmoreDless3 Did you enjoy the military training last week? Yes! Though I was _
40、dead after so much hard training.Aso good asBas well asCas good asDso well as4.Jenny, its time to practice the piano. _ you practice, _ youll play.AMore; betterBMore; worse CThe more; the betterDThe less; the better5.Last year, the English teachers took part in the_ English Training.Atwo-monthBtwo-m
41、onthsCtwo monthsDtwo month6.Betty doesnt get good marks in the final exam, because she cant _understand the teachers.AfullyBquietlyChighlyDnaturally7.John did badly in the sports meeting. And I did even _.AworstBbadCbadlyDworse8.Tom was _ hurt in a traffic accident. He was _. Im sorry to hear that.Abad; dangerousBbadly; in dangerCbad; commonDbadly; in common9.Its _ of you to wait _ for your turn every time.Apolite; politeBpolitely; politelyCpolite; politelyDpolitely; polite