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1、考点17 非谓语动词 命题趋势： 非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。中考考查重点： 1. 动词不定式；2. 动名词；3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 构成：to + 动词原形 动词不定式 作用：作除谓语外的任何成分 构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式 分词 作用：表、定、状、补 构成：v.-ing 动名词 作
2、用：主、宾、表、定考向一：不定式1. 动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免头重脚轻常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为做某事对某人来说是。It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为做某事花费某人多长时间To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish,
3、 plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于动词+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代
4、词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a go
5、od job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。2. 不定式的特殊用法 使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。Our tea
6、cher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 常接疑问词+带to的不定式的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。考向二：动名词（一）动名词的构成动名词是由动词+-ing构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。（二）动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It i
7、s no use（good）+v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, l
8、ook forward to, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I wont give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。（三）动名词的特殊用法 即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, cant bear, prop
9、ose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, cant afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。考向三：分词（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成 现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。（二）分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语
10、The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。非谓语动词解题七大原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表
11、示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。【巧学妙记】后跟to do作宾语的动词（词组）(1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (
12、want/would like, refuse, forget)(2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn)(3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help)(4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意(mind)I. 适当形式填空(单句
13、适当形式) 1.How about_ (have) a party next Sunday. 2.Dad often ask me _ (not play) on the road. 3.I dont know how _ (express) my exciting feelings.4.Mr, Green was so angry that he couldnt help _ (shout) at his wife. 5.We should avoid _ (disturb) others. 6.He was made _ (wash) the car himself. 7.We must
14、take strong measure _ (protect)our environment. 8.I happened _ (meet) one of my friends in the street yesterday. 9.Theres no need _ (leave) right now.10.It s our duty_ (protect) our planet.11.Im sorry_ (disturb) you.12.Can you teach me how _ (surf)?13.He promised_ (follow) the good suggestions.14.If
15、 you have a chance_ (study) here,you will learn more knowledge.15.Learn the new while _ (review) the old.II. 单项选择。1. _ since the night before, I felt very hungry.A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything2.We then listened to the c
16、hild _ the article _ on the blackboard.A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written3._ it with me and I'll see what I can do.A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave4._ such a chance, why don't you have a try?A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving5.Five
17、people were reported _ in the accident.A. to be killedB. to kill C. killedD. to have been killed6._ is bad for his health.A. Mike smokingB. Mike's smokingC. Mike's being smokingD. Mike smokes1. 【2020 贵州省安顺市】With the improvement in transportation, students in some small villages no longer go
18、on ropeways _ rivers to schools.A. to crossB. crossingC. crossed2. 【2020 贵州铜仁市】Look! Kangkang, that old man is crossing the crosswalk.Jane, lets_ him.A. helpsB. to helpC. helpingD. help3.【2020 黑龙江省龙东地区】We should do what we can _ those people when they are in trouble.A. to helpB. helpedC. help4. 【202
19、0 江苏省苏州市】The doctors and nurses managed _ the lives of patients, though they didnt have enough medicine.A. saveB. savingC. to saveD. to saving5. 【2020 四川省成都市】Why do many farmers put their products online these days?_them more easily.A. To sellB. SellC. Selling6. 【2020 四川达州市】Our government tries to d
20、o everything they can _ people live a better life.A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. helped7. 【2020 四川达州市】 Clara, you have _ Journey to the West for two weeks. Sorry, I wanted to give it back but was made _ Dazhou on business last week.A. borrowed; to leaveB. kept; to leaveC. kept; leaveD. borrowed; leav
21、e8. 【2020 甘孜州】He felt tired, so he stopped _ a rest under the tree.A. havingB. haveC. to have9. 【2020 甘孜州】The singer was often seen to practice _ songs near the woods three years ago.A. singB. singingC. to sing10. 【2020 重庆市】They hope _the basketball match.A. winB. wonC. to winD. winning11. 【2020 重庆市
22、B卷】Wed better follow the seven-step hand-washing method _ healthy.A. to keepB. keepC. keepingD. keeps12.【2020 广西北部湾经济区】Now the Chinese government has made laws _ wild animals.A. protectB. protectsC. to protectD. protected13.【2020 青海省】A CCTV news reporter will come to interview Wang Lin tomorrow Plea
23、se tell her _.A. not to be lateB. not to comeC. to watch TV14.【2020 青岛市】Teachers expect all their students _ progress day by day.A. to makeB. makeC. to takeD. take15.【2020 云南省】Wang Lei is looking forward to _ the best high school in September.A. refusingB. playingC. readingD. entering16.【2020 福建省】Th
24、e twin brothers are busy _ artworks from ocean waste.AmakingBmakeCto make17.【2020 上海市】The engineers will keep_the project with the manager of the companyAdiscussBdiscussedCdiscussingDto discuss18.【2020 上海市】Doctors tell us_our hands before and after every mealAwashBwashedCwashingDto wash19. 【2020 四川攀
25、枝花】The doctor warns Jack _stop _because it is bad for his health.Ato; smokingBnot; to smokeCto; to smokeDnot to; smoking20.【2020 四川省遂宁市】Its important for us_a healthy lifestyle.Ato keepBkeepCkeepingDkept21.【2020 海南省】Frank and his friends had great fun _volleyball on the beach yesterday.A. playB. pla
26、yingC. to play22.【2020 黑龙江绥化】My teacher encouraged me _ English as much as possible.A. to speakB. speakC. speaking23.【2020 镇江市】A lot of museums in China are worth_. If you have time, you can choose to go.A. visitedB. visiting C. to visitD. visit24.【2020 南通市】They offered courses_ students know the im
27、portance of protecting the Huanghe River.A. helpB. helpedC. helpsD. to help25.【2020 盐城市】The Birdwatching Society goes to Zhalong Nature Reserve the birds every year.A. to countB. countingC. countD. counts26.【2020湖北省恩施州】My sister has gone to work in Beijing, not for money, but _ herself.AimproveBimpr
28、ovedCto improve27.【2020湖北省黄石市】He spent two hours _ his mother with housework last Sunday.AhelpingBhelpedCto helpDhelp28.【2020长沙市】We are glad _ that traditional Chinese medicine can work wonders in preventing some diseases.A. knowB. to knowC. knowing29. 【2020益阳市】Diana used to _ to work, but now she i
29、s used to _ because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.A. drive; walkB. drive; walkingC. driving; walk30.【2020怀化市】A lot of old people are lonely. What can we do to help them?I want _ the old people's home to talk to them.A. visitB. to visitC. visiting31.【2020 内蒙古包头市】_ the project as p
30、lanned, they need to work two more hours a day.ATo finishBFinishingCFinishDTo be finished1. 【2020 福建省泉州市二模】The doctor did what he could _ the girl who was badly injured in the accident.A. saveB. savingC. to save2. 【2020黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区一模】Tim is a helpful student in our class. He always helps the students
31、 in trouble, _ himself popular among our teacher and classmates.A. makeB. madeC. making3. 【2020黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区二模】Two sessions 2020 (两会) has said, "Life is invaluable(无价的). This is a price we must pay, and a price that is worth_.A. to payB. payingC. paid4.【2020湖南省长沙市青竹湖湘一外国语三模】My mom always tells me
32、: when things are a disappointment, _ be so discouraged. (气馁的)A. trying not toB. to try not toC. try not to5. 【2020山东省济南市槐荫区二模】 Did you have a good weekend? Yes. I went to the countryside _my grandparents.A. seeB. sawC. seeingD. to see6. 【2020四川省乐山市峨眉山市二模】Mr Wang is good at cooking and has decided_
33、his own restaurantA. openB. to openC. opening7. 【2020四川省泸州市泸县二模】Our teacher always tells us _in the river because its very dangerous.A. dont playB. dont to playC. not to playD. not play8. 【2020天津市红桥区中考三模】 Miss Zhang always offers_ me with my English after class.A. helpingB. helpedC. to helpD. help9.
34、 【2020江苏省徐州市六区县中考二模】 My mother usually eats a little for supper_. She looks slimmer than before.A. to save moneyB. saving moneyC. to lose weightD. losing weight10. 【2020贵州省铜仁市中考一模】To keep the students safe on their way to school, we have taken more action. That sounds great. We should do what we can _ the school bus accident.A. to preventB. preventC. to preventingD. preventing