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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。上海交通大学-博士入学考试试题-英语-2001年春-二OO一年春季博士生入学考试试题(Time:180minutes)序号：A145试题名称：英语PartLListeningComprehension(25)SectionA:SpotDictationDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtohearapassage.Thepassagewillhereadonlyonce.Asyoulistentothepassage,fillintheblankswiththewo
2、rdsyouhear.Afterthepassage,therewillbea3-minutepause.Duringthepause,youmustwritethewordsontheAnswerSheet.Arecentuniversityresearchprojectinvestigatedtheattitudesofpostgraduatesciencestudents(1)thelearningofEnglishvocabulary.Theresultswereurprising.Ill(2)threeofthem.firstly,mostofthestcrdeaatsthinkth
3、at(3)everywordillEnglishhasjustonemeaning.Thisis,ofcourse:,completely(4)tothefacts.AglanceatanyEnglishdictionarywillshowthis.Thestudentwill(5)findsevenoreightmeaningslistedfor(6)simplewords.Whv,then,havethesestudentsmadesuchamistake:Onereasonirnaybethattheyre.ill(7).students.Scientiststrytousewordsi
4、lltheirspecialsubjectwhichhaveonemeaning,andonemeaningonly.Anotherreason.,ofcourse,couldbethewayinWhiChtheseStudent,WereTheymayhaveusedvocabularylistswhentheyfirstlearner!L:nglish.(MonesideofthepageisthewordinIaaglish-,ontheothersloe,asingletiordinthe(Q)nativelanguage.lhesecondattitudethat(10)fromth
5、efindingsisequallymistaken.(11).,._.allthestudentsthinkthateverywordinEnglishhasanexact(12)-._._equivalent.Again,thisisfarfromthetrijth.SometimesonewordinIinglishcanonlybetranslatedbya(13)_._.W_.inthestudentsnativelanguialc.thereareother(l4)illtranslationwhichwewontmentionhere.(:ertainlytheideaofaon
6、ewordforonewordtranslation(15)_._-._.iscompletelyfalse.Translationmachines,whichtriedtoworkonthis(16failedcompletely.Thethirdresultoftheinvestigationshowedanother(17)inthestudentsthinking.Theybelievethatassoonastheyknowthemeaningofaword,theyreina(18)_touseitcorrectly.Thisisuntrueforanylanguagebutisp
7、erhapsparticularly(19)-forEnglish.Thestudenthastolearnwhentouseawordaswellastoknowwhatitmeans.SomewordsinEnglishmeanalmostthesamebuttheycanonlybeusedincertainsituations.What,then,isthebestwaytoincreaseonesvocabulary?Thiscanbeansweredinthreewords-observation,(20)-.andrepetition.SectionB:MultipleChoic
8、eDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassage.Attheendofthepassage,youwillhearSquestions.Thepassageandthequestionwillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenwriteyourchoiceontheAnswerSlicet.2
9、1.A)IthadnoefFectonlivingcells.13)Ithadeffectsonlivingcells.C)Ithadeffectsonlyonchildren.I)Ithadeffectsonlyonadults.22.A)Anincreasingnumberofcancersinchildren.I3)Alinkbetweenanelectriccurrentandtheenergyfold.C)Acausallinkbetweenthepower-lineordeviceandtheenergyfield.1)ASmallincreasedchanceofcancerin
10、childrenlivingnearelectricpower-line.23.A)446.13)464.C)223.1)234.24.A)Becausehedoesnthaveenoughevidence.R)Becauseotherscientistshavenotstudiedhisresultsyet.C.)Becausehediscoverednodirectlinkbetweendiseaseandelectricity.D)Becausethelinkbetweencancerandelectricityhasnotyetbeenproved.25.A)Healthandenvi
11、ronment.B)Electriccurrentandtheenergyfield.C)Electricityandcancer.D)Electricalworkersandcancer.SectionC:QuestionandAnswerDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassage.Thepassagewillbereadonlyonce.Thentrytoanswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.RememberyoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnsw
12、erSheet.26.Whyarentmostnewdoctorsinterestedinbeginningworkinasmalltown?27.Whydomanysmalltowndoctorsworklonghours?28.WhatisthegrowingproblemintheUnitedStates?29.HowmanynewdoctorsdidtheNationalHealthServiceCorpsproducein1979?30.WhomdidahospitalinParkerspraryofferarewardo5,000dollarto?Part11.Vocabulary
13、(20%),Directions:Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.31.Toqualifyforsuchaposition,thenativewouldfirsthavetoreceivespecializedtraining,andthisisA)refusedB)discouragedC)deniedD)forbidden32.Thelittl
14、egirlworeaverythincoat.AsuddengustofcoldwindmadeherA)whirlB)shiftC)shiverD)shake33.Presently,therearenineteachersinmyteam,whohavethetaskofteachingadvancedEnglishtomorethan500non-Englishmajors.A)inclinedB)hesitatedC)affordedD)undertaken34.Thepressdemandsthatpoliticiansthesourcesoftheirincome.A)betray
15、B)concealC)discloseD)renew35.Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameamwithastrongA)philosophyB)idealismC)moralityD)personality36.Onenewtolearningaforeignlanguageistostudythelanguageinitsculturalcontext.A)approachB)solutionC)mannerD)road37.Tomaintainpublicisnotonlythepolicemensdutybutfeve
16、rycitizensresponsibility.A)customB)confidenceC)securityD)simplicity38.Allwasdarkinthedistrictexceptforacandlethroughthcurtainsinoneofhouses.A)glimmeringB)glitteringC)flamingD)blazing39.Oneofthestandsanddozensofpeoplewereeitherkillerorinjured.A)destroyedB)collapsedC)corrodedD)ruined40.Me,afraidofhim?
17、hesaidwitha(n)smile,Notme!A)contemptibleB)amusingC)contagiousD)contemptuous41.Hewillsimplynolistentoanybody;heistoargument.A)imperviousB)imperceptibleC)impassableD)blunt42.Stopaskingallthesepersonalquestions!ItisbadmannerstobeA)inquisitiveB)impatientC)acquisitiveD)informative43.Hebetweenlifeanddeath
18、forafewdaysbutthenhepul:A)hoveredB)lurchedC)waveredD)fluctuated44.WearepreparedtosatisfyallyourclaimAlegitimateB)legibleC)intimateD)legislative45.ThereisnotaGreekwordwhichistheexact_oftheEnglishwordstile.A)equivalentB)copyC)counterpartD)meaning46.Theprizeswillbeattheendoftheschoolyear.A)distributedB
19、)attributedC)grantedD)contributed47.DuringourstayinParisweweresplendidlybytheItalianAmbassador.A)sustainedB)maintainedC)retainedD)entertained48.Onleaving,wethankedhimmostwarmlyforthehospitality_tousandourfriends.A)extendedB)expandedC)expendedD)awarded49.Ifthedisputeisnotsettledina(n)_waysoon,thetwoc
20、ountrieswillcertainlygotowar.A)amiableB)amicableC)inimicalD)unfriendly50,IfImaybesoastoadviseyou,myopinionisthatyoushouldnotreplytohisletter.A)generousB)humbleC)proudD)bold51.Ifyoutakea(n)courselikeheryoucanlearnEnglishinlessthantwoyears.A)intensiveB)extensiveC)expansiveD)retentive52.Afterayearshard
21、workIthinkIamtoalongholiday.10,A)entailedB)deservedC)entitledD)satisfied53.ThousandsofpeoplefromGreeceeveryyeartoworkinWestGermany.A)emigrateB)leaveC)abandonD)immigrate54,liewasamemberoftheHillarythatconqueredMountEverest.A)missionB)invasionC)experimentD)expedition55.Itwasmysaddutyto_thenewsofJohnsd
22、eathtohisfamily.A)submitB)breakC)sayD)proclaim56.HehimselfasawarcorrespondentinVietnam.A)discernedB)distinguishedC)discriminatedD)extinguished57.Shehisinvitationtodinnerasshewasonadiet.A)inclinedB)declinedC)deniedD)disinclined58.Hewaswithattemptedrobberyandheldincustody.A)accusedB)prosecutedC)charge
23、dD)arrested59.Whatthewitnesssaidincourtwasnotwiththestatementhemadetothepolice.A)prevalentB)relevantC)consistentD)coincident60.Mollyhasalwaysbeepa(n)child;shebecomesilleasily.A)delicateB)gloomyC)energeticD)confident61.Therearesomeverybeautifullyglasswindowsinthechurch.A)designedB)drawnC)markedD)stai
24、ned62.Themanwhonevertriesanythingnewisa(n)onthewheelsofprogress.A)obstacleB)brakeC)breakD)block63.ThereisasaleatHamfridgesnextweekwithinalldepartments.A)decreasesB)subtractionsC)reductionsD)accounts64.Doctorshavelongknownthatifapatientis_thathewillrecoverandistreatedwithsympathy,hispainwilloftendisa
25、ppear.A)assumedB)assuredC)informedD)proved65:Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyasenseofsmell,theyhaveacutevision.Agenuine.B)negativeC)negligibleD)condensed66.WearesorrytosaythatMaryisnottheverypersonwhocanbewitheithermoneyorsecretinformation.A）entrustedB)committedC)consignedD)assigned67.Ifyouneverreviewyourl
26、essons,youwillonlyhaveyourselftoifyoufailinyourexamination.A)complainB)blameC)mistakeD)fault68.Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletelyA)irresistibleB)irremissibleCirreplaceableD)irretrievable69.Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,thepassagersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritw
27、as_timedwiththeplanestake-off.A)spontaneouslyB)instantaneouslyCsimultaneouslyD)conscientiously70.Thetwowitnesseswhosawtheshootingswereabletowhohardfiredfirst.A)encounterB)highlightCtestifyD)identifyPartIII.ReadingComprehension(50minutes,30points)Directions:Thereare6passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfo
28、llowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Onedayin1963,adolphinnamedElvarandafamousastronomer,CarlSagan,wereplayingalittlegame.Theastronomerwasvisitinganinstitutewhichwaslookingintothew
29、aydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.Hewasstandingattheedgeofoneofthetankswhereseveralofthesehighlyintelligent,friendlycreatureswerekept.Elvarhadjustswumupalongsidehiui,andhadturnedonhisback.HewantedSagantoscratchhisstomachagain,astheastronomerhaddonetwicebefore.ButthistimeElvarwastoodeepinthewaterfor
30、Sagantoreachhim.ElvarlookedupatSagan,waiting.Then,afteraminuteorso,thedolphinleaptupthroughthewaterintotheairandmadeasoundjustlikethewordMore?Theastonishedastronomerwent-tothedirectoroftheinstituteandtoldhimabouttheincident.Oh,yes:Thatsoneofthewordsheknows,thedirectorsaid,showingnosurpriseatall.Dolp
31、hinshavebiggerbrainsinproportiontotheirbodysizethanhumanshave,andithasbeenknownforalongtimethattheycanmakeanumberosounds.Whatismore,thesesoundsseemtohavedifferentfunctions,suchaswarningeachotherofdanger.Soundtravelsmuchfaster,andmuchfurtherinwaterthanitdoesinair.Thatiswhythepartsofthebrainthatdealwi
32、thsoundaremuchbetterdevelopedindolphinsthaninhumans.Butcanitbesaidthatdolphinshavealanguageintherealsenseoftheword?Scientistsdontagreeonthis.Alanguageisnotjustacollectionofsounds,orevenwords.Alanguagehasastructure,orwhatwecallagrammar.Thegrammarofalanguagehelpstogiveitmeaning.Forexample,thetwoquesti
33、onsWholovesMary?andWhodoesMarylove?meandifferentthings.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,youwillseethatthisdifferencedoesntcomefromthewordsinthequestionbutfromthedifferenceinstructure.ThatiswhythequestionCandolphinsspeak?cantbeanswereduntilwefindoutifdolphinsnotonlymakesoundsbutalsoarrangetheminwayswhichaffec
34、ttheirmeaning.71.ThedolphinleaptintotheairbecauseA)SaganhadturnedhisbackB)itwaspartofthegametheywereplayingC)hewantedSagantoscratchhimagainD)Saganwantedhimtodothis72.WhenSagantoldthedirectoraboutwhatthedolphinhaddone,thedirectorA)didntseemtothinkitwasunusualB)thoughtSaganwasjokingC)toldSaganaboutoth
35、erwordsthedolphinknewD)askedhimifheknewotherwords73.Dolphinsbrainsareparticularlywell-developedtoA)helpthemtotravelfastinwaterB)arrangesoundsindifferentstructuresC)respondtodifferentkindsofsoundD)communicatewithhumansthroughsound74.ThesoundswecallwordscanbecalledalanguageonlyifA)eachsoundhasadiffere
36、ntmeaningB)eachsoundisdifferentfromtheotherC)thereisasystemofwritingD)theyhaveastructureorgrammar（2）Marriedpeoplelivehappilyeverafterinfairytales,buttheydosolessandlessofteninreallife.1,likemanyofmyfriends,gotmarried,divorced,andremarried.Isuppose,tosomepeople,Imafailure.Afterall,Ibrokemyfirstsolemn
37、promisetoloveandcherishuntildeathusdopart.ButIfeelthatImfinallyasuccess.IlearnedfromthemistakesImadeinmyfirstmarriage.Thistimearound,thewaysmyhusbandandIshareourfreetime,makedecisions,anddealwithproblemsareverydifferent.Ilearned,firstofall,nottobeaclingingvine(依赖男子的妇女).Inmyfirstmarriage,Ifelttheever
38、ymomentwespentapartwaswasted.IfRaywantedtogoouttoabarwithhisfriendstowatchafootballgame,Ifeltrejectedandtalkedhimintostayinghome.IwouldntacceptanoffertogotoamovieorjoinanexerciseclassititmeantthatRaywouldbehomealone.Irealizenowthatwewereoftenangrywitheachotherjustbecausewespenttoomuchtimetogether.In
39、contrast,mysecondhusbandandIspendsomeofourtreetimeapartandtrytohaveinterestsofourown.Ihavestartedplayingracquetballatahealthclub,andDavidsometimestakesofftogotothelocalautoraceswithhisfriends.Whenwearetogether,wearentboredwitheachother;ourseparateinterestsmakeusmoreinterestingpeople.Ilearnednotonlyt
40、obeapartsometimesbutalsotoworktogetherwhenitstimetomakedecisions.WhenRayandIweremarried,Ileftalltheimportantdecisionstohim.Hedecidedhowwewouldspendmoney,whetherweshouldsellthecarorfixit,andwheretotakeavacation.IknownowthatIwentalongwiththissothatIwouldnthavetotaketheresponsibilitywhenthingswentwrong
41、.Icouldalwaysendanargumentbysaying,Itwasyourfault!Withmysecondmarriage,Iamtryingtobeafullpartner.Weaskeachothersopinionsonmajordecisionsandtrytocompromiseifwedisagree.Ifwemakethewrongchoice,wereequallyguilty.Whenwerentedanapartment,forexample,webothhadtotaketheblamefornotnoticingthedraftywindowsandt
42、henopetsclauseinourlease.MaybethemostimportantthingIvelearnedistobeagrown-upaboutfacingproblems.Davidandihavemadeavowtofaceourtroubleslikeadults.Ifweremadateachotherorworriedandupset,wesayhowwefeel.Ratherthanhidebehindourownmisery,wetalkabouttheproblemuntilwediscoverhowtofixit.Everybodyarguesorhasto
43、dealwiththeoccasionalcrisis,butRayandIalwaysreactedlikechildrentothesestormytimes.Iwouldlockmyselfinthesparebedroom.Raywouldstalkoutofthehouse,slamthedoor,andraceoffinthecar.ThenIwouldcryandworrytillhereturned.IwishthatmyfirstmarriagehadntbeentheplacewhereIlearnedhowtomakearelationshipwork,butatleas
44、tIdidlearn.1feelbetternowaboutbeinganindependentperson,aboutmakingdecisions,andaboutfacingproblems.Mysecondmarriageisntperfect,butitdoesnthavethedeepflawsthatmadethefirstonefallapart.75.Whichofthefollowinghascontributedtothewritersdivorce?A)Herformerhusbandwentouttowatchfootballgames.B)Shestartedtop
45、layracquetballatahealthclub.C)Theyspenttoomuchtimetogetherandgotboredwitheachother.D)Theyspentsolittletimetogetherthattheycouldnottalktoeachother.76.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthewriter,inherfirstmarriage,A)tooklessresponsibilitythansheshouldformajordecisionB)tool:thesameresponsibilityasherhusb
46、andC)tookmoreblamewhenthingswentwrongD)feltequallyguiltywhenthingswentwrong77.Whichofthefollowingthattheauthorshouldhavesaidwhenshequarrelledwithherformerhusbandbutshedidnot.A)Itwasyourfault!B)Maybeyoureright.C)Itsnoneofyourbusiness.D)Itsnoneofmybusiness.78.AlltheproblemsbetweenthewriterandDavidcanb
47、eresolvedbecauseA)theyhidetheirfeelingsB)theylockthemselvesintheirbedroomC)theyhavepromisednottobemadateachotherD)theydaretofacethem79,ThewriterssecondmarriageisdifferentfromthefirstoneinallthefollowingwaysexceptA)thattheysharetheirfreetimeB)thattheymaketheirdecisionstogetherC)thattheytalktoeachotherD)thattheydealwiththeirtroublestogether80.ThebesttitleforthepassageisA)FirstMarriageB)SecondM