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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。中国合同法英文版-中国合同法英文版CONTRACTLAWOFP.R.CHINAAdoptedandPromulgatedbytheSecondSessionoftheNinthNationalPeoplesCongressonMarch15,1999.Translated&CompiledbyJohnJiang&HenryLiuGENERALPRINCIPLESChapterOne:GeneralProvisionsArticle1PurposeThisLawisformulatedinordertop
2、rotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofcontractparties,tosafeguardsocialandeconomicorder,andtopromotesocialistmodernization.Article2DefinitionofContract;ExclusionsForpurposesofthisLaw,acontractisanagreementbetweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizationswithequalstanding,forthepurposeofestablishin
3、g,altering,ordischargingarelationshipofcivilrightsandobligations.Anagreementconcerninganypersonalrelationshipsuchasmarriage,adoption,guardianship,etc.shallbegovernedbyotherapplicablelaws.Article3EqualStandingofPartiesContractpartiesenjoyequallegalstandingandneitherpartymayimposeitswillontheotherpart
4、y.Article4RighttoEnterintoContractVoluntarilyApartyisentitledtoenterintoacontractvoluntarilyunderthelaw,andnoentityorindividualmayunlawfullyinterferewithsuchright.Article5FairnessThepartiesshallabidebytheprincipleoffairnessinprescribingtheirrespectiverightsandobligations.Article6GoodFaithThepartiess
5、hallabidebytheprincipleofgoodfaithinexercisingtheirrightsandperformingtheirobligations.Article7LegalityInconcludingorperformingacontract,thepartiesshallabidebytherelevantlawsandadministrativeregulations,aswellasobservesocialethics,andmaynotdisruptsocialandeconomicorderorharmthepublicinterests.Articl
6、e8BindingEffect;LegalProtectionAlawfullyformedcontractislegallybindingontheparties.Thepartiesshallperformtheirrespectiveobligationsinaccordancewiththecontract,andneitherpartymayarbitrarilyamendorterminatethecontract.Alawfullyformedcontractisprotectedbylaw.ChapterTwo:FormationofContractsArticle9Capac
7、ity;ContractthroughAgentInenteringintoacontract,thepartiesshallhavetheappropriatecapacitiesforcivilrightsandcivilacts.Apartymayappointanagenttoenterintoacontractonitsbehalfunderthelaw.Article10FormsofContract;WritingRequirementAcontractmaybemadeinawriting,inanoralconversation,aswellasinanyotherform.
8、Acontractshallbeinwritingifarelevantlaworadministrativeregulationsorequires.Acontractshallbeinwritingifthepartieshavesoagreed.Article11DefinitionofWritingAwritingmeansamemorandumofcontract,letterorelectronicmessage(includingtelegram,telex,facsimile,electronicdataexchangeandelectronicmail),etc.whichi
9、scapableofexpressingitscontentsinatangibleform.Article12TermsofContractThetermsofacontractshallbeprescribedbytheparties,andgenerallyincludethefollowing:(i)namesofthepartiesandthedomicilesthereof;(ii)subjectmatter;(iii)quantity;(iv)quality;(v)priceorremuneration;(vi)time,placeandmethodofperformance;(
10、vii)liabilitiesforbreachofcontract;(viii)methodofdisputeresolution.Thepartiesmayenterintoacontractbyreferencingamodelcontractfortherelevantcontractcategory.Article13Offer-AcceptanceAcontractisconcludedbytheexchangeofanofferandanacceptance.Article14DefinitionofOfferAnofferisapartysmanifestationofinte
11、ntiontoenterintoacontractwiththeotherparty,whichshallcomplywiththefollowing:(i)Itstermsarespecificanddefinite;(ii)Itindicatesthatuponacceptancebytheofferee,theofferorwillbeboundthereby.Article15InvitationtoOfferAninvitationtoofferisapartysmanifestationofintentiontoinvitetheotherpartytomakeanofferthe
12、reto.Adeliveredpricelist,announcementofauction,callfortender,prospectus,orcommercialadvertisement,etc.isaninvitationtooffer.Acommercialadvertisementisdeemedanofferifitscontentsmeettherequirementsofanoffer.Article16EffectivenessofOffer,OfferthroughElectronicMessageAnofferbecomeseffectivewhenitreaches
13、theofferee.Whenacontractisconcludedbytheexchangeofelectronicmessages,iftherecipientofanelectronicmessagehasdesignatedaspecificsystemtoreceiveit,thetimewhentheelectronicmessageentersintosuchspecificsystemisdeemeditstimeofarrival;ifnospecificsystemhasbeendesignated,thetimewhentheelectronicmessagefirst
14、entersintoanyoftherecipientssystemsisdeemeditstimeofarrival.Article17WithdrawalofOfferAnoffermaybewithdrawn.Thenoticeofwithdrawalshallreachtheoffereebeforeoratthesametimeastheoffer.Article18RevocationofOfferAnoffermayberevoked.Thenoticeofrevocationshallreachtheoffereebeforeithasdispatchedanoticeofac
15、ceptance.Article19IrrevocableOfferAnoffermaynotberevoked:(i)ifitexpresslyindicates,whetherbystatingafixedtimeforacceptanceorotherwise,thatitisirrevocable;(ii)iftheoffereehasreasontoregardtheofferasirrevocable,andhasundertakenpreparationforperformance.Article20ExtinguishmentofOfferAnofferisextinguish
16、edinanyofthefollowingcircumstances:(i)Thenoticeofrejectionreachestheofferor;(ii)Theofferorlawfullyrevokestheoffer;(iii)Theoffereefailstodispatchitsacceptanceattheendoftheperiodforacceptance;(iv)Theoffereemakesamaterialchangetothetermsoftheoffer.Article21DefinitionofAcceptanceAnacceptanceistheofferee
17、smanifestationofintentiontoassenttoanoffer.Article22ModeofAcceptance;AcceptancebyConductAnacceptanceshallbemanifestedbynotification,exceptwhereitmaybemanifestedbyconductinaccordancewiththerelevantusageorasindicatedintheoffer.Article23TimelyDispatchofAcceptanceAnacceptanceshallreachtheofferorwithinth
18、eperiodprescribedintheoffer.Wheretheofferdoesnotprescribeaperiodforacceptance,theacceptanceshallreachtheofferorasfollows:(i)Wheretheofferismadeorally,theacceptanceshallbedispatchedimmediately,unlessotherwiseagreedbytheparties;(ii)Wheretheofferismadeinanon-oralmanner,theacceptanceshallreachtheofferor
19、withinareasonabletime.Article24CommencementofthePeriodforAcceptanceWhereanofferismadebyaletteroratelegram,theperiodforacceptancecommencesonthedateshownontheletterorthedateonwhichthetelegramishandedinfordispatch.Iftheletterdoesnotspecifyadate,theperiodcommencesonthepostingdatestampedontheenvelop.Wher
20、etheofferismadethroughaninstantaneouscommunicationdevicesuchastelephoneorfacsimile,etc.,theperiodforacceptancecommencesoncetheofferreachestheofferee.Article25ContractFormeduponEffectivenessofAcceptanceAcontractisformedoncetheacceptancebecomeseffective.Article26EffectivenessofAcceptanceAnoticeofaccep
21、tancebecomeseffectiveonceitreachestheofferor.Wheretheacceptancedoesnotrequirenotification,itbecomeseffectiveonceanactofacceptanceisperformedinaccordancewiththerelevantusageorasrequiredbytheoffer.Whereacontractisconcludedbytheexchangeofelectronicmessages,thetimeofarrivaloftheacceptanceshallbegoverned
22、byParagraph2ofArticle16hereof.Article27WithdrawalofAcceptanceAnacceptancemaybewithdrawn.Thenoticeofwithdrawalshallreachtheofferorbeforeoratthesametimeastheacceptance.Article28LateAcceptanceAnacceptancedispatchedbytheoffereeafterexpirationoftheperiodforacceptanceconstitutesanewoffer,unlesstheofferort
23、imelyadvisestheoffereethattheacceptanceisvalid.Article29DelayedTransmissionofAcceptanceIftheoffereedispatcheditsacceptancewithintheperiodforacceptance,andtheacceptance,whichwouldotherwisehavereachedtheofferorinduetimeundernormalcircumstances,reachestheofferorafterexpirationoftheperiodforacceptancedu
24、etoanyotherreason,theacceptanceisvalid,unlesstheofferortimelyadvisestheoffereethattheacceptancehasbeenrejectedongroundsofthedelay.Article30AcceptanceContainingMaterialChangeThetermsoftheacceptanceshallbeidenticaltothoseoftheoffer.Apurportedacceptancedispatchedbytheoffereewhichmateriallyalterstheterm
25、softheofferconstitutesanewoffer.Achangeinthesubjectmatter,quantity,quality,priceorremuneration,time,placeandmethodofperformance,liabilitiesforbreachofcontractormethodofdisputeresolutionisamaterialchangetothetermsoftheoffer.Article31AcceptanceContainingNon-materialChangesAnacceptancecontainingnonmate
26、rialchangestothetermsoftheofferisneverthelessvalidandthetermsthereofprevailasthetermsofthecontract,unlesstheofferortimelyobjectstosuchchangesortheofferindicatedthatacceptancemaynotcontainanychangetothetermsthereof.Article32TimeofFormationinCaseofMemorandumofContractWherethepartiesenterintoacontractb
27、yamemorandumofcontract,thecontractisformedwhenitissignedorsealedbytheparties.Article33TimeofFormationinCaseofLettersorElectronicMessages;ConfirmationLetterWherethepartiesenterintoacontractbytheexchangeoflettersorelectronicmessages,onepartymayrequireexecutionofaconfirmationletterbeforethecontractisfo
28、rmed.Thecontractisformeduponexecutionoftheconfirmationletter.Article34PlaceofFormation;ElectronicMessagesTheplacewheretheacceptancebecomeseffectiveistheplaceofformationofacontract.Whereacontractisconcludedbytheexchangeofelectronicmessages,therecipientsmainplaceofbusinessistheplaceofformationofthecon
29、tract;iftherecipientdoesnothaveamainplaceofbusiness,itshabitualresidenceistheplaceofformationofthecontract.Ifthepartieshaveagreedotherwise,suchagreementprevails.Article35PlaceofFormationinCaseofMemorandumofContractWhereacontractisconcludedbyamemorandumofcontract,itsplaceofformationistheplacewherethe
30、partiessignorsealthecontract.Article36EffectofFailuretoConcludeContractinWritingWhereacontractistobeconcludedbyawritingasrequiredbytherelevantlaworadministrativeregulationorasagreedbytheparties,ifthepartiesfailedtoconcludethecontractinwritingbutonepartyhasperformeditsmainobligationandtheotherpartyha
31、sacceptedtheperformance,thecontractisformed.Article37EffectofFailuretoSigninCaseofMemorandumofContractWhereacontractistobeconcludedbyamemorandumofcontract,ifpriortosigningorsealingofthecontract,onepartyhasperformeditsmainobligationandtheotherpartyhasacceptedtheperformance,thecontractisformed.Article
32、38ContractunderStateMandatoryPlanWherethestatehas,inlightofitsrequirements,issuedamandatoryplanorstatepurchaseorder,therelevantlegalpersonsandotherorganizationsshallenterintoacontractbasedontherightsandobligationsofthepartiesprescribedbytherelevantlawsandadministrativeregulations.Article39StandardTe
33、rms;DutytoCallAttentionWhereacontractisconcludedbywayofstandardterms,thepartysupplyingthestandardtermsshallabidebytheprincipleoffairnessinprescribingtherightsandobligationsofthepartiesandshall,inareasonablemanner,calltheotherpartysattentiontotheprovision(s)wherebysuchpartysliabilitiesareexcludedorli
34、mited,andshallexplainsuchprovision(s)uponrequestbytheotherparty.Standardtermsarecontractprovisionswhichwerepreparedinadvancebyapartyforrepeateduse,andwhicharenotnegotiatedwiththeotherpartyinthecourseofconcludingthecontract.Article40InvalidityofCertainStandardTermsAstandardtermisinvalidifitfallsintoa
35、nyofthecircumstancessetforthinArticle52andArticle53hereof,orifitexcludestheliabilitiesofthepartysupplyingsuchterm,increasestheliabilitiesoftheotherparty,ordeprivestheotherpartyofanyofitsmaterialrights.Article41DisputeConcerningConstructionofStandardTermIncaseofanydisputeconcerningtheconstructionofas
36、tandardterm,suchtermshallbeinterpretedinaccordancewithcommonsense.Ifthestandardtermissubjecttotwoormoreinterpretations,itshallbeinterpretedagainstthepartysupplyingit.Ifadiscrepancyexistsbetweenthestandardtermandanon-standardterm,thenon-standardtermprevails.Article42Pre-contractLiabilitiesWhereinthec
37、ourseofconcludingacontract,apartyengagedinanyofthefollowingconducts,therebycausinglosstotheotherparty,itshallbeliablefordamages:(i)negotiatinginbadfaithunderthepretextofconcludingacontract;(ii)intentionallyconcealingamaterialfactrelatingtotheconclusionofthecontractorsupplyingfalseinformation;(iii)an
38、yotherconductwhichviolatestheprincipleofgoodfaith.Article43TradeSecrets;LiabilityforDisclosureorImproperUseApartymaynotdiscloseorimproperlyuseanytradesecretwhichitbecameawareofinthecourseofnegotiatingacontract,regardlessofwhetheracontractisformed.Ifthepartydisclosedorimproperlyusedsuchtradesecret,th
39、erebycausinglosstotheotherparty,itshallbeliablefordamages.ChapterThree:ValidityofContractsArticle44EffectivenessofContractAlawfullyformedcontractbecomeseffectiveuponitsformation.Whereeffectivenessofacontractissubjecttoanyproceduresuchasapprovalorregistration,etc.asrequiredbyarelevantlaworadministrat
40、iveregulation,suchprovisionapplies.Article45ConditionsPrecedent;ConditionsSubsequent;ImproperImpairmentorFacilitationThepartiesmayprescribethateffectivenessofacontractbesubjecttocertainconditions.Acontractsubjecttoaconditionprecedentbecomeseffectiveoncesuchconditionissatisfied.Acontractsubjecttoacon
41、ditionsubsequentisextinguishedoncesuchconditionissatisfied.Whereinordertofurtheritsowninterests,apartyimproperlyimpairedthesatisfactionofacondition,theconditionisdeemedtohavebeensatisfied;whereapartyimproperlyfacilitatedthesatisfactionofacondition,theconditionisdeemednottohavebeensatisfied.Article46
42、ContractTermThepartiesmayprescribeatermforacontract.Acontractsubjecttoatimeofcommencementbecomeseffectiveatsuchtime.Acontractsubjecttoatimeofexpirationisextinguishedatsuchtime.Article47ContractbyPersonwithLimitedCapacityAcontractconcludedbyapersonwithlimitedcapacityforcivilactisvaliduponratification
43、bythelegalagentthereof,providedthatacontractfromwhichsuchpersonaccruesbenefitsonlyortheconclusionofwhichisappropriateforhisage,intelligenceormentalhealthdoesnotrequireratificationbyhislegalagent.Theotherpartymaydemandthatthelegalagentratifythecontractwithinonemonth.Ifthelegalagentfailstomanifesthisi
44、ntention,heisdeemedtohavedeclinedtoratifythecontract.Priortoratificationofthecontract,theotherpartyingoodfaithisentitledtocancelthecontract.Cancellationshallbeeffectedbynotification.Article48ContractbyUnauthorizedAgentAbsentratificationbytheprincipal,acontractconcludedonhisbehalfbyapersonwholackedag
45、encyauthority,whoactedbeyondhisagencyauthorityorwhoseagencyauthoritywasextinguishedisnotbindingupontheprincipalunlessratifiedbyhim,andthepersonperformingsuchactisliable.Theotherpartymaydemandthattheprincipalratifythecontractwithinonemonth.Wheretheprincipalfailstomanifesthisintention,heisdeemedtohave
46、declinedtoratifythecontract.Priortoratificationofthecontract,theotherpartyingoodfaithisentitledtocancelthecontract.Cancellationshallbeeffectedbynotification.Article49ContractbyPersonwithApparentAgencyAuthorityWherethepersonlackingagencyauthority,actingbeyondhisagencyauthority,orwhoseagencyauthorityw
47、asextinguishedconcludedacontractinthenameoftheprincipal,ifitwasreasonablefortheotherpartytobelievethatthepersonperformingtheacthadagencyauthority,suchactofagencyisvalid.Article50ContractExecutedbyLegalRepresentativeWherethelegalrepresentativeortheperson-in-chargeofalegalpersonoranorganizationofanyot
48、hernatureenteredintoacontractactingbeyondhisscopeofauthority,unlesstheotherpartykneworshouldhaveknownthathewasactingbeyondhisscopeofauthority,suchactofrepresentationisvalid.Article51UnauthorizedDisposalofPropertythroughContractWhereapieceofpropertybelongingtoanotherpersonwasdisposedofbyapersonwithoutthepowertodoso,suchcontractisneverthelessvalidoncethepersonwiththepowertoitsdisposalhasratifiedthecontract,orifthepersonlackingthepowertodisposeofitwhenthecontractwasconcludedhassubsequentlyacquiredsuchpower.Article52InvalidatingCircumstancesAcontractisinvalidinanyofthefollowingcircumstan