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1、名词性从句,语法讲解篇,人教版（2019）,目录,CONTENTS,名词性从句概念,1,2,3,名词性从句引导词,名词性从句注意点,名词性从句概念,名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外，在同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。要注意名词性从句和定语从句的区分。,名词性从句概念,名词性从句（Noun Clauses)在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同
2、位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句概念,主语 His job is important. What he does is important.表语 This is his job. This is what he does every day.宾语 I dont like his job. I dont like what he does every day.同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White. I dont know about the fact that
3、he is a teacher.,名词性从句概念,判断 谓语动词 宾语从句 主语从句 系动词 表语从句 When we shall hold the meeting depends on whether John can return tomorrow.The problem is when John will come back. 名词 同位语从句We expressed our hope that we could visit the country again.,名词性从句概念,练习：判断名词性从句1. I dont know who broke the window.2. She is
4、 no longer what she used to be.3. What they need is a good textbook.4. She will give whoever needs help a warm welcome.5. This is where our problem is.6. It is certain that she will do well in her exam.7. The foreigner expressed his hope that he was going to visit the Great Wall again.8. We consider
5、 it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.,名词性从句引导词,名词性从句引导词,从句中的每一个引导词都有3个功能，分别如下：从属连词 that无词义、不作成份、起连接作用 if “是否”、不作成份、起连接作用 whether “是否”、不作成份、起连接作用,名词性从句引导词,从句中的每一个引导词都有3个功能，分别如下：连接代词 who “谁”、作主语、起连接作用 whom “谁”、作宾语、起连接作用 what “事情”、作主表宾、起连接作用 which “哪-”、作定语、起连接作用。 whose“谁的”、作定语、起连接作用,名
6、词性从句引导词,从句中的每一个引导词都有3个功能，分别如下：连接副词 when “什么时候”、作状语、起连接作用 where “什么地方”、作状语、起连接作用 why “为什么”、作状语、起连接作用 how “如何”、作状语、起连接作用,主语从句引导词,引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词 that,whether/if连接代词 what,who,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；连接副词 when,where,why,how,whenever等。e.g. That they were in truth sisters was clear from the
7、 facial similaritybetween them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。e.g. What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love forhis son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。,主语从句形式主语,主语从句通常位于句首，有时也可用it作形式主语，而将从句置于句末e.g. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. =It is obvious that he is the best student in the
8、class. 很明显他是我们班最好的学生。e.g. Whether he will come or not is not known yet. =It is not known yet whether he will come or not. 他到底来不来至今还不知道呢。,主语从句形式主语,常见句型1.It is+动词过去分词+that从句。如：It is reported/said/believed/hopedthat.据报道/据说/人们认为/人们希望2.It is+形容词+that从句。 如：It is+clear/obvious/apparent/certain/likely/possi
9、ble/probable that.很明显；确定；可能It is + adj. (important, natural, necessary,regretful, strange, proper, urgent)+that从句，that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式should +动词原形或是动词原形。3.It is +名词或名词短语+that从句。如it is a fact/an honor/a shame/a pity/no wonder that事实是./很荣幸./真可惜./难怪.4.It+不及物动词(seem/happen/appear/turn out等)+that从句,主语从句形式主语
10、,例句1. It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.2. It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.3. It is obvious that the new typist is not fit for the job.4. It turned out that our calculations were incorrect.5. It is necessary that he (should) b
11、e sent there at once.6. It is important that we (should) set off right now.7.They are twins. It is no wonder that they look the same.8. Its no surprise that our team has won the game.,主语从句注意事项,1. that引导主语从句时不能省略。例：That the driver could not control his car was obvious. =It was obvious that the driver
12、 could not control his car.2. if不能用在句首引导主语从句，这时用whether,如果转化为it做形式主语时，则两者都可以；与or not搭配表“是否”时，也只能用whether。例： Whether he left(or not) is unknown.() If he left is known. () It is known whether/if he left. ()3. 当主语是一个从句时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数。例：What we need is more time and money. 我们需要的是时间和金钱。,宾语从句,宾语从句的基本用法：1.
13、 动词后接宾语从句的用法： e.g. I know that he is friendly and hospitable. Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.2. 介词及形容词后接宾语从句的用法： e.g. We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. He was interested in whatever he saw there. He is pleased that he has passed a tough test.3. 形容词后接宾语从
14、句：sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等。e.g. Im afraid he wont attend our wedding.,宾语从句引导词,that引导宾语从句，that起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不作成分，可以省略。但以下三种情况下不能省略：1. 当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；e.g. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.2. 当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉；
15、e.g. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.3. 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。e.g. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,宾语从句引导词,Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句1. 当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if.e.g. I dont know whether I will stay or not2. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. e.g. I worry about whether I hurt her
16、 feeling.3. if引导宾语从句时可以有否定式，而whether从句则没有。e.g. I dont care if he doesnt come.,宾语从句注意事项,从句中的时态问题：1. 若主句是一般现在时态或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限。e.g. I think Jim is speaking too quickly.2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。e.g. I knew she had swept the floor already.3. 若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时态。e.g. They knew
17、 the sun is much bigger than the earth.,宾语从句注意事项,否定前置：在think，believe，suppose， imagine, feel等引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词否定前移。e.g. I dont think he is right.e.g. I dont suppose you need to worry about it.e.g. I dont feel I can stand any longer.,宾语从句注意事项,从句中的虚拟语气：1. wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气 与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时（bewere） 与过去事实相反从句用过去
18、完成时 与将来事实相反would doe.g. I wish that I were a bird.（对现在的虚拟） I wish that I hadnt told you the truth. （对过去的虚拟） I wish that I would have one million dollars.（对将来的虚拟）,宾语从句注意事项,从句中的虚拟语气：2. would rather后宾语从句的虚拟语气 与现在/将来事实相反从句用一般过去时（bewere） 与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时 e.g. I would rather that I came now.（对现在的虚拟） I woul
19、d rather that I hadnt told you the truth. （对过去的虚拟）,宾语从句注意事项,从句中的虚拟语气：3. 一坚持(insist)；二命令(order/command)；三建议(advise/suggest/propose)四要求(demand/require/request/desire) 后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气：should+动词原型，should 可以省略。 e.g. He suggested that we (should) set about doing the work at once.,表语从句,The question is whether
20、 we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time .He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late . 表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。,表语从句引导词,as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词, seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等动词之后。常用虚拟语气，表示不真实或极少有可能发生
21、或存在的动作或状态。但当其后的句子所描述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，不用虚拟语气。例: The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great blackblanket had been thrown over it.It looks as if it is going to rain.,表语从句引导词,because, why引导的表语从句because, why也可引导表语从句, 常用于以下句型：但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。This /That / I
22、t is because. 这/那是因为This / That /It is why. 这/那就是的原因/为什么The reason why. is / was that 的原因是e.g. From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.e.g. The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.,表语从句注意事项,1. if不能引导表语从句2
23、. 表语从句虚拟语气（参照宾语从句）,同位语从句,在主从复合句中作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。表示名词的内容，加以解释。能接同位语从句的名词：fact, idea, news, promise, information, message, belief, doubt, hope, opinion, possibility, thought, wish, truth, question, problem, reply, answer, report, suggestion, advice, order, warning等等。 e.g. We were very excited at the ne
24、ws that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals. The problem that they cant get here early is hard to solve.,同位语从句注意事项,同位语从句与定语从句的区别1. 同位语从句既“说明、修饰”先行词，又“等同”于先行词。定语从句“修饰、限制”先行词，由“关系词”替代先行词，在从句中充当成分。 e.g. We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Dalian. (同位语从句)
25、 Neither of us showed any interest in the news that John told us yesterday. (定语从句)2. that在从句中的作用 同位语从句中that为连接词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，一般也不能省略；定语从句中的that为关系代词，在从句中充当句子成分，可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时常可省略。 e.g. The news (that) he told me surprised me. (定语从句) The news that he gave in surprised me. (同位语从句)3. 其他引导词的使用 引导同位语从句的词除连接词that外，还可用whether，连接代词who，what及连接副词when, where, how, why等；引导定语从句的词除that外，还有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, as以及关系副词when, where, why。,THANK YOU,