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1、高考英语语法总复习：副词的知识点讲义副词的概念表示行为特征的词叫副词。副词用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度或方式等概念实例It is raining hard.雨下得很大。（ 修饰动词 ）It is very easy.那很容易。（ 修饰形容词 ）It is raining very hard.（ 修饰副词 ）Frankly, I don't like her.直说吧，我不喜欢她。（ 修饰全句 ）副词的分类(1) 表示确定的时间副词有yesterday, tomorrowthis month, earliertoday,
2、 later, this week 等What's the date today?今天几号？(2) 表示不确定的时间副词有early, now, alreadysoon, just, immediatelynowadays, once, one daysome day, recentlysuddenly, thenstill, yet 等They will go to London some day in May.他们将在5月的某一天去伦敦。(3) 表先后的副词 first，next，last，表次数的副词 once，twice，again 等Your f
3、irst duty is to your family.你首要的责任是照顾家庭。Let's try it again.让我们再试一下。(4) 表示频率的副词有always, often, usuallysometimes, seldomhardly, ever, rarelynever, forever 等I seldom get up early in the morning.我很少在早上很早起床。(5) 表示具体地点的副词有here, there, homeabroad, upstairselsewhere, downstairsanywhe
4、re, everywherenowhere, somewhere 等I'll stay home to read my book tonight.今晚我将待在家里看书。My favorite restaurant is full, so I have to go elsewhere.我最喜欢的餐馆已经满了，所以我必须另外找一个地方。(6) 表位置关系的副词有（ 后接宾语时，用作介词 ）above, belowdown, up, in, outinside, outsideback, away, nearoff, far 等How far have
5、 we walked?我们走了多远了？It's time to get up !该起床了！(7) 表示位移关系的副词有across, alongover, round, past 等Come to the party and bring some friends along.请来参加聚会，并带一些朋友。He fell over on the ground.他摔倒在地上。注意地点副词和动词连用时不用加介词(8) 方式副词有badly, bravelygratefully, carefullycarelessly, nervously 等H
6、e left my house quietly.他悄悄地离开了我的房子。注意：方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”（此类副词大部分由形容词加 ly 构成，但并不是带 ly 的都是方式副词）(9) 强调副词也称程度副词强调副词从程度上和意义上两方面进行强调。这类词有very, too, quiterather, extremelymore, so, awfullypretty, almost, entirelynearly, wholly, especiallyeven, exactly, justonly, simply 等That's exactly what
7、 I expected.这正是我盼望的。(10) 疑问副词疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句，这类词有when, where, whyhow long, how soonhowever 等When will you come back?你什么时候回来？Where do you come from?你来自哪儿？(11) 关系副词关系副词用于引导定语从句，这类词有where, when, whyIs this the place where you were born?这是你出生的地方吗？(12) 连接副词连接副词主要用来连接句子或从句这类副词有therefore
8、因此moreover 再者besides 况且however 不管怎样otherwise 否则then 然后though 但是We have a day in Beijing and then go to Shanghai.我们在北京待一天然后就去上海。We must be quick, otherwise we will be late !我们要快点，否则会迟到的！(13) 否定副词这类词有 no, notneither, nornever, hardly, seldomI never wrote to him.我从不给他写信。(1
9、4) 其他副词这类副词对整个句子进行说明常见的这类副词有luckily, generallyhappily, honestlybriefly, naturallynarrowly, broadlyhopefully 等Luckily, he wasn't badly hurt.幸运的是，他没受重伤。Finally, he got back home.他终于回到了家。副词的构成1、本身是副词heretherenowneververytooagoalwaysthenoften2、与介词、形容词、名词同形inoutabovefastearlylongbelowhigharoundhome3、
10、由形容词加词尾-ly 变成副词badlyslowlyhappilycarefullyeasilysoftlyangrilyquickly副词的用法1、作状语副词作状语时，常用来修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、数词、介词短语或全句The visitors were warmly received by the hosts.客人受到了主人的热情接待。（ 修饰动词 ）These boxes are quite heavy.这些箱子相当重。（ 修饰形容词 ）The nurse looks after the sick person carefully.护士
11、对病人照顾得很周到。（ 修饰动词短语 ）Luckily, the weather was not so wet as it is today.幸运的是，那天不像今天这样下雨。（ 修饰全句 ）2、作表语副词作表语主要指主语的方向、动作、情况In the afternoon, classes are over at 3:30.下午3点30分放学。All of the teachers are there.所有的老师都在这儿。Tom was away that day汤姆那天缺席了。3、作定语表示地点或时间的副词可作定语，但要后置The clouds
12、 above began to get thicker.天空的云越来越厚。Life here is full joy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。4、作宾语补足语和主语补足语主要说明宾语或主语所处的位置、状态When we came into the room. we found him out.当我们走进房间时，发现他出去了。（ 作宾语补足语 ）The boy was seen upstairs.有人看见这个男孩在楼上。（ 作主语补足语 ）5、部分表示地点、时间的副词常作介词的宾语It's about three kilometr
13、es from here to there.从这儿到那儿大约3 000米。副词的位置1、大多数副词可以放在它所修饰的动词后面We are living happily.我们幸福地生活着。The farmers are working hard in the field.农民正在田里辛勤劳动。2、频率副词一般位于所修饰的动词之前，be动词、情态动词、助动词之后He usually comes early.他通常来得早。He is seldom late.他很少迟到。The English song
14、 has never been heard.这首英文歌从来没有人听过。注意： 有时为了加强语气，频率副词也可以放在句首或句末Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。I get paid on Fridays usually.我通常在星期五领工资。 very often（ 往往 ）和 quite often（ 常常 ） 这两个词组不放在动词前，必须放在句末或句首Very often the weather
15、was too bad for us to go out.往往是这样，天气很糟糕，我们不能出去。When l was in London,l met Mr. Green quite often.我在伦敦时，常常见到格林先生。3、already, yetonce, nearly, almostjust, really, certainlysuddenly, soon, still 等副词所在的位置与频率副词相同We have already finished our homework.我们已经写完作业了。4、时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末They went
16、 to the park yesterday.昨天他们去公园了。I heard him sing English songs over there.我听见他在那边唱英文歌。He carried the eggs carefully.他小心翼翼地搬着鸡蛋。注意：有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用Yesterday I got up late.昨天我起床很晚。5、否定副词一般放在行为动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后He seldom goes out at night.他晚上很少出门。We had hardly got
17、to the station when the train left.火车离开时，我们差不多几乎到了车站。注意：seldom, hardly, never 有时也可位于句首，但要用倒装语序Never have I seen such a thing before.我之前从来没见过这样的事。6、用来修饰形容词和副词的副词要放在被修饰的形容词和副词之前It is a very big house.那是一座很大的房子。She walks rather slowly.她走得相当慢。The story is quite instructive.
18、这故事很有教育意义。注意：在强调副词中，enough 很特别，它通常放在所修饰的形容词和副词的后面The book is easy enough for little kids.这本书对小孩来说足够容易。She speaks Chinese fluently enough.她的中文说得足够流利。7、疑问副词、连接副词和关系副词都位于句首或从句之首That's why I didn't go to school yesterday.那就是我昨天没去学校的原因。What are you going to do when y
19、ou grow up?长大后，你打算干什么？8、only, even, perhaps 等副词的位置非常灵活Perhaps you are right.=You are perhaps right.也许你是对的。注意：副词位置对句意的影响。有时副词位置的不同会导致句子意义的改变Only I kissed her last night.昨晚只有我吻了她。（ 即别人没吻她 ）I only kissed her last night.我昨晚只是吻了她。（ 即没干别的事 ）I kissed only her last night.昨
20、晚我吻的只有她。（ 即没吻过别人 ）I kissed her only last nigh.我只是在昨晚吻了她。（ 其他时候未吻过 ）Jim alone went there.只有吉姆去了那儿。（ alone 位于被修饰的名词或代词后，意为“只有”）Tom went there alone.吉姆一个人去了那儿。（ alone 在此修饰动词 come，意为“独自”）多个副词的排列顺序(1) 多个地点副词的排序： 小单位+大单位He was born in a small village, Dao County, Hu
21、nan.他生于湖南道县的一个小村庄。(2) 多个时间副词的排序： 小时间+大时间I fetch milk at six every morning.每天早上6点我去取牛奶。He arrived at nine, May 10, 1965.他生于1965年5月10日9点。(3) 多个方式副词的排序： 短词+长词Please write slowly and carefully.请写慢一些，仔细一些。(4) 多个不同种类副词的排列： 方式+地点+时间You must drive slowly here after dark.天黑后在这里行车必须要慢速。副词的
22、比较级和最高级的构成副词的比较级和最高级的构成方法基本上与形容词一样1、单音节副词规则变化是词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成比较级和最高级fast - faster - fastesthigh - higher - highesthard - harder - hardest注意：以字母 e 结尾的只加 -r, -stfine - finer - finestwide - wider - widest以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词，先变 y 为 i 再加 -er，-estearly - earlier - earliest2、多音节副词以及由“ 形容词+ly ”构成的副词要在词前面加 more
23、和 most 构成比较级和最高级beautifully - more beautifully - most beautifullyslowly - more slowly - most slowly3、副词比较级和最高级不规则变化well - better - bestbadly - worse - worstmuch - more - mostlittle - less - leastfar- farther/further - farthest/furthest副词的比较级和最高级的用法副词的比较级和最高级的用法与形容词比较级和最高级的用法极其相似1、副词比较级+thanHe listen
24、s to the teacher more carefully than she.他比她更注意听教师讲课。They speak English less fluently but more correctly than we do.化们英语讲得不如我们流利，但比我们正确。2、much / even / a lot 等 + 副词比较级 + thanYou can do even better than I if you try.只要你肯干，你可以比我干得更好些。I like this story a lot better than the other on
25、e.我喜欢这个故事更甚于另一个。3、not . as / so + 副词原级 + as表示" . 不如 . "Lily did not ride her bike so/as slowly as an old lady.莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢。He does not get up so early as you do.他没有你起得早。4、as + 副词原级 + as表示" 和 . 一样 "My mother rode her bike as slowly as an old
26、 lady.我母亲骑车像老太太一样慢。She loves her school as much as her own home.她爱校如家。5、副词比较级+and+副词比较级表示程度“ 越来越. ”The birds fly higher and higher.鸟儿们越飞越高。They walk more and more slowly.他们越走越慢了。6、倍数 + as + 副词原级 + asI don't speak half as well as you do.我英语讲得不及你一半好。He can read twice as fast as I can.他阅读的速度比我快一倍。7、（ the ） 副词最高级 + of / in 结构，表示三个或三个以上的人或物的比较They all came early but she came ( the ) earliest of all.他们都来得很早，但她来得最早。She swims( the ) best in the class.她是班上游泳最好的。