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1、英语专题复习说明文阅读理解训练一、2017·全国二卷CTerrafugiaInc said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven l
2、ike a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put do
3、wn a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after TerrafugiaInc introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don texpect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $279,000.And it won thelp
4、 if you re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks TerrafugiaInc has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The movement has already permitted t
5、he company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transitionis now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said TerrafugiaInc was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration s decision five years ago to create a separate set of
6、standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. TerrafugiaInc says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first parag
7、raph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causes traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very
8、expensive.D. It bums too much fuel.30. What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transitions Fist FlightC. Pilots Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car C
9、loser to Reality6 / 6DWhen a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured par
10、ts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short?Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It s a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Appa
11、rently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned .The attacker who ar
12、e natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively spe
13、aking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors j ust ha
14、ppened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate（亲密的）than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on.32. What doe
15、s a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants ge
16、t ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary35. What can we infer from the last paragra
17、ph?A. The word is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than beforeC. The world is more complex than it seemsD. People in Darwins time were imaginative.二、2017·全国三卷CAfter years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.Fourteen wolves were ca
18、ught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920
19、s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations major food sources（来源）for the wolf grew rapidly. These
20、animals consumed large amounts of vegetation（ 植 被 ）, which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park s red foxes, and completely drove away the park s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists ask
21、ed the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with
22、 a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red fores have made
23、acomeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.28. What is the text mainly about?A. Wildlife research in the United States.B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C. The conflict
24、between farmers and gray wolves.D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.29. What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Forced out.D. Tracked down. 30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？A. Damage to local ecology.B. A decline
25、 in the parks income.C. Preservation of vegetation.D. An increase in the variety of animals.31. What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Uncaring.DThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car in
26、to a mobile laboratory named “Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more
27、isolated（隔绝）and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies forolder drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation（ 导 航 ）tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptatio
28、ns. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions sl
29、ow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr. Amy Guo, the leading researc her on the older driver study, explains, “The Drive LAB
30、is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older drivers a lways go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to k
31、eep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. Were looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案）to ensure thatolder drivers stay
32、safer behind the wheel.”32. What is the purpose of the Drivel LAB?A. To explore new means of transport.B. To design new types of cars.C. To find out older drivers problems.D. To teach people traffic rules.33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A. It keeps them indepen
33、dent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesses.34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve their driving skills.B. Develop driver-assist technologies.C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.D. Organize regular physical checkups.3
34、5. What is the best title for the text?A. A new Model Electric CarB. A Solution to Traffic ProblemC. Driving Service for eldersD. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road三、2018·江西一模CAlongside air and water, food is a necessity for human beings to survive and thrive. But its a lot more than that. As Ma
35、riette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote: “The most intima（te 亲密的 ）relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”Nowadays, for most people in the worlds wealthiest countries, food is a hobby, an enthusiasm, and even somethin
36、g fashionable. Turn on the TV in the US, UK or France, and youll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession. And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”. Its almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photo
37、s of delicious meals appearing on our screen. But behind the fancy recipes and social media bragging（夸耀）, many of us forget how much we take food for granted. This is why World Food Day is held each year.Take Kenya for example. This east African nation has been suffering terrible droughts. The resul
38、t is that people are beginning to starve. Children in particular are suffering, with some of them even dying. This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely different way. But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food
39、banks European organizations that hand out donated food to those who c ant afford to pay for it themselves. So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have. After all, food is essential for survival, but not everyone is as lucky as we
40、 are when it comes to dinner time.28. According to Mariette Dichristina, what has the closest relationship with us?A. Air.B. Water.C. Food.D. Human beings.29. What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Delicious food.B. A person fond of food.C. A social media app.D. A pho
41、to of delicious meals.30. Who can get help from food banks?A. Poor people in the UK.B. Poor people in Africa.C. Starving children in Kenya.D. People in the drought-stricken.31. Whats the best title for the text?A. Treat Food as a HobbyB. Time to Appreciate FoodC. Food Shortage in Some CountriesD. Ho
42、w to Spend World Food DayDTraditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material: But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus（章鱼）.Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobo
43、t” could pave the way for more effectiveautonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” the studys authors wrote.Robots built for precise, repetitive move
44、ments in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrains（地形）or in unpredictable conditions. And they arent especially safe around humans, because theyre made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft ro
45、bots for decades. Theyre taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone（硅酮）body, its still a grand challenge to construct fle
46、xible versions of essential parts, such as asource of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology Center for
47、 Micro-Bio Robotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”32. Whats the special feature of “Octobot”？A. Its soft.B. Its made of metal.C. Its very small.D. It looks like an octopus.33. Whats the disadvantage of traditional robot
48、s?A. Theyre hard to control.B. Theyre too heavy to move.C. They cant predict conditions.D. They cant behave well all the time.34. One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobots .A. silicone bodyB. complex componentsC. precise movementsD. flexible power source35. Whats the possible application of “Octobot”？A. Medical research.B. Life rescue.C. Machine operation.D. House cleaning.一、28-31 ACBD 32-35 DABC 二、28-31 DCAB 32-35 CACD 三、28-3