《名词性从句（宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句）讲解素材高考英语语法总复习.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《名词性从句（宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句）讲解素材高考英语语法总复习.doc（8页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、名词性从句（宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句）讲解 高考英语语法总复习复合句：主句+从句意思上来讲主句是主要的。但是从句才是我们学习的重点。从句有各种各样的变化，从句要作不同的成分的，主句与从句间要加不同的连接词，可能有时候还要倒置。例句：America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will n
2、ot work（这一部分为主句）。unless从句1前的连接词。 banks mark assets to levels 从句1。表示条件的从句。如果.which从句2前的连接词。buyers find attractive 从句2。修饰前面levels的定语从句。（一）名词性从句（当成名词来用的句子）包括：1、宾语从句（最重要）；2、表语从句（最不重要）；3、主语从句（一般重要）；4、同位语从句（一般重要）。4种从句的写法一样，不一样的是位置不一样。先看：1、宾语从句（最重要）1）含义：是一个作宾语的句子，位置是把它放到主句里作主句的宾语。例句：The fossil record shows
3、 that many species have endured for millions of years.全句是一个主句，但是that many species have endured for millions of years作了该主句的宾语。即that many species have endured for millions of years为宾语从句。2）宾语从句的写法：先写两简单句，其中一个简单句作主句时省略掉宾语，然后将另一个简单句接到作主句的宾语位置当宾语即可，但是要注意连接词的使用。那么连接词该如何用呢？a、陈述句变宾语从句例如：Dr . Worm acknowledge
4、s .These figures are conservative.（将这个陈述句放到上面这个句子里当宾语，如何放呢？）Dr . Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.其中that不作成分，可以将that省略，但建议不要省略。我们的试题里面经常确又是省略了的（有点坑啊！）例如：We believe consumers should have more control.believe 后面为宾语从句 that 省略掉了。As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic me
5、asures may be ineffective and painful.know 后面为宾语从句 that 省略掉了。b、特殊疑问句变宾语从句例如：We suddenly can't remember .Where did we put the keys just a moment ago?注意观察：变化前where.是个疑问句，而we suddenly . 是陈述句，规矩不一样，所以得改，将疑问句改为陈述句样式。故调整语序，只需动主语。We suddenly can't remember where we put the keys just a moment ago.其中
6、we did put 等于 we put（注意这里的put是过去时哦）特殊疑问句自带了连接词（如where），所以不用重新加连接词了。c、一般疑问句变宾语从句I don't know .Are other clients going to abandon me, too?注意观察：变化前后的句式不一样。故又需要变化句型。调整语序，只动主语；但是要注意保留是否的含义。用if 或者whether作连接词,建议用whether（这个是100%可用的，if有时不能用）I don't know whether other clients are going to abandon me ,
7、 too .注意：如果主句不是陈述句，宾语从句照样变成陈述句。例如：Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?3）宾语从句的位置：3种位置：a、动宾：（动单宾：及物动词+从句；动双宾：及物动词+人+从句）（90%以上为这种类型）. scientists believe that intelligence can expand a
8、nd fluctuate according to mental effort.believe及物动词+宾语从句（用that连接词连接）：动单宾This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells.explain及物动词+宾语从句（用why连接词连接）：动单宾. users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.tell 及物动词+advertisers（人）+宾语从句（用that连接词连接）：动双宾b、介宾例如：Thi
9、s and other similar cases raise the question of whether there is still a line between the court and politics.of介词+宾语从句（whether作连接词）：介宾. those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information.by介词+宾语从句（how 作连接词）：介宾c、形容词+宾语从句（出现的几率小，简单了解）例如：. he felt certain that he
10、never could have succeeded with mathematics.certain形容词+宾语从句（that 作连接词）：形容词+宾语从句（近15年就出现过这一次）【补充三种】：d、非谓语动词+宾语从句注意：只要是及物动词，后面就可以接宾语从句，无论该动词作谓语还是非谓语动词。例如：You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.to assume非谓语动词+宾语从句（that作连接词）Neither of these patterns is bor
11、ne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.suggesting非谓语动词 +宾语从句（that作连接词）e、多个宾语从句同时出现例句：To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides
12、 it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.To filter out非谓语动词+宾语从句（用what连接词连接）from介词+宾语从句（用what连接词连接）to understand非谓语动词+宾语从句（用how连接词连接）+宾语从句（用what连接词连接）并用and表示并列关系。f、宾语从句后置，it形式宾语要求两个条件：1、宾语从句太长；2、必须在主谓宾补句型中。例如：That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as
13、 impartial judgments.less likely作补语，故将宾语从句后置（用that作连接词）。二、表语从句：1、表语从句的含义：作表语的句子，放在系动词后面。例句：The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.整个句子为一个主句，其中is后面的为表语从句（用that连接词连接）。2、表语从句的写法：同宾语从句，但是连接词that不能省略。主句里面用连接词将一陈述句（从句）连接。其中的陈述句为表语从句。例句：Part of the problem is that the justices
14、are not bound by an ethics code.is 系动词后面用that连接词连接一个陈述句（表语从句）。This is where developing new habits comes in.is 系动词后面用where连接词连接一个陈述句（构成表语从句）。3、表语从句的位置应该在主系表句型中，并且位于系动词后面。例如：For Williams , these activities become what he calls "electronic morphine."become系动词后面用what连接词连接一陈述句（即表语从句）。Yet the fa
15、ct remains that the merger movement must be watched.其中remains为系动词，后面用that连接词连接一陈述句（即表语从句）。注意：可能有非谓语系动词+标语从句（重要性不高）例如：Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.being为非谓语系动词，后面用what连接词连接表语从句。The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inef
16、ficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.to be 为非谓语系动词，后面用连接词that连接表语从句。三、主语从句：1、主语从句的含义：用一个句子作主语。2、主语从句的写法：同宾语从句的写法同，但是连接词that不能省略，还要注意：whether与if的选择只能选择whether，不能用if。例如：That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.That the se
17、as are being overfished为主语从句，其中that不能省略。What motivated him . was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"What motivated him是主语从句，且是特殊疑问句作从句，故用连接词What.And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.whether the community's work contri
18、butes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge为主语从句，是一般疑问句作的从句，作选择时只能用whether。（一定要注意哦！）3、主语从句的位置：有两种：（1）一般放在句首，但是不一定就在开头。所谓的句首指的是放在谓语动词的前面。例如：What is needed is a technology of behavior.What is needed主语从句放谓语前面。（2）可以后置，用形式主语放谓语动词前面，将实际主语从句后置在后面。（这个是最最最重要的形式，小伙伴们请引起十二分的注意哈。）It did not matter what w
19、as done in the experiment;.It占位，what was done in the experiment主语从句放谓语动词后面，后置。It is becoming less clear , however ,that such a theory would be a simplification,.It占位，that such a theory would be a simplification主语从句放谓语动词后面，后置。注意：在写作中也常常用哦。模板一：It is done + 主语从句（表达人们对一件事的观点看法）符合英语的形式：事情被认为.This year, i
20、t was proposed that the system be changed:.it was proposed（It is done）that the system be changed主语从句（用that连接词连接）It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad .It was argued（It is done）that humans do not cry because they are sad主语从句（用连接词that连接）模板二：It is + ad
21、j./n. + 主语从句（表达对一件事的评价）例如：. it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized.it is obvious（It is + adj.） that their views were less fully intellectualized主语从句（用that连接词连接）Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.it is surel
22、y a good thing（It is + n.）that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere主语从句（用that连接词连接）四、同位语从句：1、同位语从句的含义：一个句子作同位语，解释说明名词。例如：Writing in the last year of his life,he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty
23、years.opinion名词，用that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years来解释说明它。2、同位语从句的写法：同宾语从句。n. + (连接词 +陈述句)这部分就是同位语从句了。最常用的一种是that连接的。基本是陈述句变化过来。注意：that不作成分，但也不能省略。例如：Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.Evidence名
24、词, that the LoveLife program produces lasting change解释说明它。A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;.theory名词，that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;同位语从句解释说明前面的名词。3、同位语从句的位
25、置：放在抽象名词的后面。注意哦，是抽象名词。因为只有抽象名词才需要解释，什么是抽象名词呢？一个名词不能完全表达清楚意思即为抽象名词。例如：idea , opinion , fact , evidence , question , doubt , reason , theory , belief , possibility , chance , hope , contention , guarantee .（最近几年试题中出现过的）例句:Part of the fame of Allen's book is its contention that "Circumstances
26、do not make a person , they reveal him ."contention抽象名词， that "Circumstances do not make a person , they reveal him同位语从句解释说明它。Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families , ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.fact（事实）抽象名词，是什么样的事实呢？后面用that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes同位语从句解释说明它。注意：四种名词性从句写法基本相同：连接词+陈述句，但是位置不同。