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1、辽宁工程技术大学毕业设计(论文)前言煤炭是不可再生资源,是煤炭企业赖以生存的物资基础,是国家资源经济支柱。我国煤炭资源丰富,品种齐全。到20世纪末,煤炭的探明储量有1万亿吨,其中已利用储量中尚有可采储量800多亿吨;我国的石油、天然气资源相对不足,其储量只可供开采几十年;水力资源虽然丰富,但集中在西南地区,而且开发利用需要的投资很大;核能、太阳能、风能、生物能的开发利用则刚刚起步1。所以,在未来几十年内,煤炭仍是我国最可靠的能源,煤炭的基础能源地位不会改变。如何最大程度利用好有限的资源,提高回收率,使煤炭资源利用最大化始终是煤炭工作者为之奋斗的事业。目前,我国在能源利用方面正在加大对原煤的入选
2、比例,使煤炭工业走可持续发展的道路。但是我国煤炭洗选加工相对落后,原煤入洗率尚不足30%,商品煤质量较差,因此煤炭利用率低,燃煤引起的污染严重2。选煤可以除去煤中的大部分矿物杂质,提高煤炭质量,并把它分成不同等级,为用户合理利用创造条件。国家鼓励发展煤炭洗选加工,原煤入选量不断提高,从1949年的十几万吨发展到2003年的5亿多吨3。为了合理利用煤炭资源,提高利用效率,降低铁路运输量,减少燃煤对大气的污染,有必要大力发展煤炭洗选加工。本次设计的任务是:本设计拟在山西省长治市长治县王庄矿建年处理量为6.0Mt的大型炼焦煤选煤厂,该厂属于矿井型选煤厂,服务年限为40年。工作制度为330天/年,每天
3、工作8h,每天三班,两班生产,一班检修。原料煤来自王庄矿的两个煤层,煤种牌号为贫煤和瘦煤,以贫煤为主。根据煤质特征确定煤的用途为炼焦煤。具体用途待进一步落实。本次设计的主要内容是对原煤的煤质资料进行分析和综合,评定原煤的可选性。制定原煤分选工艺流程,进行流程计算以及工艺设备的选型与计算。对厂房进行工艺布置。绘制主要生产车间的剖面图。最终对本次设计进行技术经济评价。1231 厂区概况1.1 地理、行政及交通1.1.1 地理、行政王庄煤矿地处山西省长治市郊区,位于屯留和潞城两县之间,行政隶属于长治市。井田位于太行山西麓,被文土山断层分成南北两部分,井田位于矿区东南部,井田内地势较为复杂,北部地面冲
4、沟较多,有基岩露出地表,南部地势平坦,被厚黄土层覆盖。本选煤厂属于矿井型选煤厂,位于王庄矿的工业场地内。1.1.2 交通王庄煤矿位于山西省长治市北郊,铁路专用线至长治市北站13Km,与太焦线、邯长线连接,309国道甘林段横穿井田,交通便利。图1- 1 交通位置图Figure 1 -1 Location Map1.2 水文地质条件王庄矿位于王庄煤田中部哈尔脑山构成的东北向低山丘陵坡地。哈尔脑山覆盖第三系喷出玄武岩,最高标高+713m,地形坡度大造成地表迳流强烈,侵蚀基准面以上黄土丘陵地带冲沟发育,哈尔脑山及南侧六五零厂北山构成矿区内南西至北东向的地表分水岭。矿区附近主要有两条河流,老哈河、哈尔脑
5、干河。老哈河发源于河北平泉七老图山,流至王庄煤田的东部;该河常年有水,距煤田最近距离9 Km,为矿区地下水排泄区。哈尔脑干河发源于楼子店以西的白塔沟,在矿区北部境界外流向东南,经马架子、北七家、喇嘛地流入老哈河。全长约50Km。河宽50380m,河床坡降1015,为季节性河流,是王庄矿北区砂砾石含水层的重要补给水源。1.3 工程地质和地震情况王庄矿位于太行山西麓,被文土山断层分成南北两部分,井田位于矿区东南部,井田内地势较为复杂,北部地面冲沟较多,有基岩露出地表,南部地势平坦,被厚黄土层覆盖。王庄煤田位于天山阴山纬向构造带与东北新华夏系第二沉降带的复合部位,是由北东向压性及压扭性大断裂所构成的
6、断陷盆地,在断陷盆地中央部分,沉积了上侏罗系煤田。此外有第三纪辉绿岩的侵入和玄武岩喷出,因玄武岩抗风化力较强,在煤田内形成北东向山丘。依据中国地震动参数区划图GB18306-2001,本地区抗震设防烈度为6度。1.4 气候特征本地区属半干燥性气候,冷热多变,6-7月份最热,最高温度36;1月份最冷,最低气温为-19.6。每年10月开始结冰,翌年4月份开始解冻,冻结深度为0.75m,积雪日期与之相同,积雪厚度为0.12m,基本雪压为0.25KN/m2。每年7-9月份是雨季,年平均降雨量为894.8mm。主导风向为西南风,基本风压为0.35KN/m2。1.5 水源供应及排水条件由于本选煤厂为洗水闭
7、路循环,日常生产水循环使用,仅需补充产品带走的水分,水量,且由于本洗煤厂距湖中岛较近,水源充足。1.6 电源供应取自长治城郊变电所,通过两条6Kv电缆线路来输电。1.7 建筑材料供应王庄矿毗邻长治市、潞城市,建材供应方便。1.8 总结王庄矿交通便利,适合煤炭外运;水文地质特征较好、气候适宜、电源水源材料供给方便,适合建厂。2 原料煤基地2.1 原料煤生产及供应选煤厂原料煤主要来自王庄矿I层煤(WZK-I层)和王庄矿II层煤(WZK-II层)。截止到2009年末全矿保有储量25000.82万t,可采储量10644.45万t。生产能力为240万吨/年,服务年限为31.8年。开采煤层含煤组的3A、3
8、B、3C、4、7、8、23、24、24上、采煤方法采用走向长臂后退式开采。其煤流运输系统为工作面运输、下巷溜子、皮带连续化运输到各采区煤仓,再由电机车运输到底煤仓,由仓下给煤机给入箕斗提升。最大提升能力为240万吨/年。2.2 煤层及煤质井田内煤层为单斜构造,走向为“北北西”,倾向西,倾角为26度,煤层中一般含有2、3层夹矸,厚度为0.40.45mm,顶煤与底煤中有河床冲刷现象和扁豆状包裹体,顶底板为叶岩和砂岩。入洗原煤全部来自王庄煤矿,可采及局部可采煤层共两层,分别为王庄矿I层煤(WZK-I层)和王庄矿II层煤(WZK-II层);煤种牌号为贫煤和瘦煤,以贫煤为主。根据煤质特征确定煤的用途为炼
9、焦煤。入选比例为3:7,煤源可靠。2.2.1 煤的物理性质1)煤的真密度:1.35t/m32)煤的堆密度:0.965 t/m33)静止角:51.504)摩擦角:23.5050.802.2.2 煤的化学性质本矿原煤属于特低硫、低磷、中等灰分原煤。具有弱粘结性,挥发分1617%,工业牌号为瘦煤和贫煤,以贫煤为主。原煤中净煤的硫分在0.30.4%之间,矸石及夹矸中硫分较低,煤中硫分的赋存形式以有机硫为主。煤的内在水分较低(1%左右)。有粘结性,胶质层厚度Y=0mm,挥发分15.05%。2.3 本章小结王庄矿煤质条件较好,变质程度较高,特低硫、低磷、灰分中等,属较好品质的炼焦煤。可采及局部可采煤层共两
10、层,分别为王庄矿I层煤(WZK-I层)和王庄矿II层煤(WZK-II层),入选比例为3:7。3 煤质资料分析及可选性评定3.1 煤样工业分析指标及筛分浮沉资料表3- 1 WZK-I层煤自然级筛分原始综合表Table 3 - 1 wangzhuang mine tier I coal natural level screening the original table粒级mm产物名称产率质量指标质量占全级筛上累计AdStdVdafMadQbadKg%MJ/kg>150煤268.40 4.59 4.59 13.13 0.35 17.28 0.98 30.30 夹矸煤35.80 0.61 5.
11、20 64.53 0.34 36.41 1.66 8.43 矸石186.00 3.18 8.38 87.80 0.08 71.65 1.36 小计490.20 8.38 8.38 45.22 0.25 39.31 1.17 17.21 150100煤76.80 1.31 9.69 12.79 0.36 16.68 1.16 30.54 夹矸煤11.00 0.19 9.88 60.29 0.18 32.65 0.98 10.43 矸石28.20 0.48 10.36 84.49 0.06 66.67 1.54 小计116.00 1.98 10.36 34.72 0.27 30.35 1.24 2
12、1.21 10050煤237.60 4.06 14.42 12.84 0.36 16.57 1.11 30.55 夹矸煤17.20 0.29 14.71 65.33 0.20 37.68 1.32 8.47 矸石84.80 1.45 16.16 82.79 0.09 63.27 1.48 小计339.60 5.80 16.16 32.97 0.28 29.30 1.21 21.80 >50合计945.80 16.16 16.16 39.53 0.26 34.62 1.20 19.35 5025煤740.80 12.66 28.82 19.53 0.29 19.82 1.06 23.54
13、矸石144.60 2.47 31.29 85.01 0.29 19.82 1.06 23.54 小计885.40 15.13 31.29 30.22 0.29 19.82 1.06 23.54 >25合计1831.20 31.29 31.29 35.03 0.28 27.46 1.13 21.37 2513煤719.80 12.30 43.59 22.38 0.34 17.72 1.06 26.72 136煤891.80 15.24 58.84 18.99 0.32 16.28 1.00 28.14 63煤819.10 14.00 72.83 16.71 0.35 16.16 1.04
14、29.13 30.5煤673.70 11.51 84.35 14.86 0.36 16.12 1.04 29.86 0.50煤916.00 15.65 100.00 13.74 0.40 16.04 1.00 30.23 250煤4020.40 68.71 100.00 17.24 0.35 16.43 1.03 28.85 500合计4905.80 83.84 100.00 28.26 0.58 26.93 1.68 47.29 毛煤总计5851.60 100.00 100.00 30.08 0.53 28.17 1.60 42.77 表3- 2WZK-II层煤自然级筛分原始综合表Table
15、 3 - 2 wangzhuang mine tier II coal natural level screening the original table5050252513130.5合计产率/%灰分产率灰分产率灰分产率灰分产率灰分17.6852.8729.9936.179.3526.642.9824.9510033.4表3- 3 WZK-I层煤浮沉资料表Table 3 - 3 wangzhuang mine I layer of coal drifting data table密度kg/L20050mm5025 mm2513 mm136 mm本级入选灰分本级入选灰分本级入选灰分本级入选灰分
16、级别/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%12345678910111213<1.34.310.906.333.990.418.097.230.805.6614.161.805.431.31.445.409.5210.4053.055.4410.0558.316.429.8256.247.149.611.41.511.142.3418.4412.191.2518.6313.301.4718.1712.501.5918.401.51.62.920.6128.742.700.2829.283.700.4129.373.330.4230.041.61.82.070.4342.692.
17、910.3042.032.750.3041.043.020.3841.82>1.834.177.1783.8425.162.5880.9314.731.6279.2310.741.3676.91小计100.0020.9737.43100.0010.2530.33100.0011.0222.41100.0012.6918.97煤泥0.130.0315.000.450.0515.000.760.0815.000.420.0516.00总计100.0021.0037.39100.0010.2930.23100.0011.1022.38100.0012.7418.99续表3-3136 mm63m
18、m30.5mm2000.5 mm本级入选灰分本级入选灰分本级入选灰分本级入选灰分/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%14151617181920212223242514.161.805.4313.211.204.2720.574.197.4511.472.306.5556.247.149.6158.206.618.5152.2810.658.3553.3310.6911.7912.501.5918.4014.101.6017.5212.322.5114.7512.022.4122.303.330.4230.043.140.3630.103.730.7627.193.430.6935
19、.303.020.3841.822.240.2541.052.500.5139.543.020.6151.9510.741.3676.919.111.0475.178.591.7571.4516.733.3579.25100.0012.6918.97100.0011.3616.61100.0020.3715.78100.0020.0430.950.420.0516.000.450.0519.001.590.3319.890.50.1320.63100.0012.7418.99100.0011.4216.71100.0020.7015.87100.0025.3024.65表3- 4 WZK-II
20、层煤浮沉资料表Table 3 - 4 wangzhuang mine II layer of coal drifting data table密度50mm5025mm2513mm130.5mm级别本级灰分本级灰分本级灰分本级灰分<1.314.47 4.78 39.09 4.38 53.53 3.66 55.77 3.01 1.31.416.73 13.38 15.38 13.91 13.18 13.08 14.05 10.72 1.41.55.02 24.05 4.89 27.02 3.87 26.93 3.24 25.56 151.63.18 34.95 3.71 36.17 2.30
21、 37.26 1.92 36.13 1.61.8 3.83 47.87 2.65 52.04 2.66 51.81 2.56 50.30 1.80 55.77 82.36 34.28 81.03 24.66 78.77 22.46 83.00 小计100.00 53.01 100.00 35.67 100.00 26.38 100.00 24.63 占总计99.50 53.01 99.60 35.67 99.82 26.38 99.70 24.63 煤泥0.50 16.00 0.40 14.00 0.18 18.00 0.30 16.00 总计100.00 52.82 100.00 35.58
22、 100.00 26.36 100.00 24.60 3.2 煤样资料整理与综合3.2.1 原煤筛分试验资料审查与校正由于II层煤原始筛分资料不细致,又因为煤层中5013mm各粒级产率与灰分呈递减趋势,遂考虑136mm、63mm、30.5mm各粒级产率及灰分也呈递减趋势。由于大于50mm粒级产率和灰分资料比较笼统,遂将大于50mm粒级大致均分为>150mm、150100mm、10050mm,又因为按常规大粒级产物中矸石较多,所以考虑灰分逐渐降低,由于没有矸石含量的明显依据,故分出一部分产率作为矸石及夹矸煤,矸石灰分由浮沉表中+1.8粒级含量大致确定。表3- 5 WZK-II层煤自然级筛分
23、资料综合(调整后)Table 3-5 wangzhuang coal mine II layer level natural integration of data screening (adjusted)粒级mm产物名称产率质量指标占全级筛上累计AdKg%>150煤1.23 1.23 23.29 夹矸煤0.32 1.55 65.87 矸石3.32 4.87 80.18 小计4.87 4.87 64.87 150100煤2.28 7.15 13.11 夹矸煤1.03 8.18 64.20 矸石2.62 10.80 79.98 小计5.93 10.80 51.53 10050煤3.51 1
24、4.31 15.14 夹矸煤0.83 15.14 65.92 矸石2.54 17.68 80.83 小计6.88 17.68 45.52 >50合计17.68 17.68 52.87 5025煤23.06 40.74 23.33 矸石6.93 47.67 78.89 小计29.99 47.67 36.17 >25合计47.67 47.67 42.36 2513煤9.35 57.02 26.60 136煤18.03 75.05 29.69 63煤13.87 88.92 25.53 30.5煤10.39 99.31 16.23 0.50煤0.69 100.00 21.05 250煤52
25、.33 100.00 25.25 500合计82.32 100.00 29.23 毛煤总计100.00 100.00 33.41 3.2.2 原煤浮沉试验资料审查与校正由于原煤I、II层煤浮沉资料不细致,I层煤缺乏50200mm中各粒级的浮沉资料,将其分成50100mm、100150mm、>150mm,各密度级灰分按5025mm灰分选取,通过产率调整法来调节总计灰分。II层煤调整方法同I层煤,130.5mm各密度级灰分按2513mm各密度级选取。表3- 6 WZK-I层原煤浮沉资料综合(调整后)Table 3-6 wangzhuang mine I layer coal fugitive
26、 dust comprehensive information (adjusted)筛分浮沉>150mm150100 mm10050 mm产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%8.3845.221.9834.725.8032.97密度占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层灰分级别/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%12345678910<1.32.850.248.092.850.068.093.780.228.091.31.434.302.8710.0547.890.9410.0553.033.0710.051.41.59.020.7518.6310.920.221
27、8.636.820.3918.631.51.63.290.2829.283.460.0729.283.440.2029.281.61.84.830.4042.033.680.0742.033.890.2342.03>1.845.713.8280.9331.200.6280.9329.041.6880.93小计100.008.3745.34100.001.9734.89100.005.7933.05占总计99.888.3745.3499.501.9734.8999.835.7933.05煤泥0.120.0115.000.500.0115.000.170.0115.00总计100.008.3
28、845.31100.001.9834.79100.005.8033.02表3-6 I5025 mm2513 mm136 mm产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%15.1330.2212.3022.3815.2418.99占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层灰分/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%1112131415161718193.990.608.097.230.885.6614.162.155.4353.057.9910.0558.317.129.8256.248.549.6112.191.8418.6313.301.6218.1712.501.9018.402.700
29、.4129.283.700.4529.373.330.5130.042.910.4442.032.750.3441.043.020.4641.8225.163.7980.9314.731.8079.2310.741.6376.91100.0015.0630.30100.0012.2122.41100.0015.1818.9799.5515.0630.3099.2412.2122.4199.5815.1818.970.450.0715.000.760.0915.000.420.0616.00100.0015.1330.23100.0012.3022.38100.0015.2418.99续表3-6
30、 II63 mm30.5 mm合计产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%14.0016.7111.5114.8684.3524.49占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层占全样灰分/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%2021222324252627282913.211.844.2720.572.337.129.928.322.306.5558.208.118.5152.285.928.3553.1544.5610.6911.7914.101.9617.5212.321.4014.7512.0310.082.4122.303.140.4430.103.730.4227.193.3
31、02.770.6935.302.240.3141.052.500.2839.543.022.530.6151.959.111.2775.178.590.9771.4518.5915.584.6779.25100.0013.9316.61100.0011.3315.78100.0083.8420.0430.9599.5513.9316.6198.4111.3315.7899.4083.8420.0430.950.450.0619.001.590.1819.890.60.500.1320.63100.0014.0016.71100.0011.5115.87100.0084.3425.3024.65
32、表3- 7 WZK-II层原煤浮沉资料综合(调整后)Table 3-7 wangzhuang mine IIlayer coal fugitive dust comprehensive information (adjusted)筛分浮沉>150mm150100 mm10050 mm产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%4.8764.875.9351.536.8845.52密度占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层灰分级别/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%12345678910<1.310.120.494.3827.591.634.3830.782.114.381
33、.31.44.830.2313.917.990.4713.918.330.5713.911.41.52.090.1027.022.530.1527.023.720.2627.021.51.63.450.1736.172.070.1236.173.500.2436.171.61.88.250.4052.041.980.1252.048.780.6052.04>1.871.263.4681.0357.843.4281.0344.893.0881.03小计100.004.8664.96100.005.9151.65100.006.8645.72占总计99.794.8664.9699.695.9
34、151.6599.666.8645.72煤泥0.210.0115.000.310.0215.000.340.0215.00总计100.004.8764.86100.005.9351.54100.006.8845.62续表3-7 I5025 mm2513 mm136 mm产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%29.9936.179.3526.6018.0329.69占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层灰分/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%11121314151617181939.0911.724.3853.535.013.6651.479.283.0115.384.6113.
35、9113.181.2313.0810.391.8710.724.891.4727.023.870.3626.934.860.8825.563.711.1136.172.300.2237.262.100.3836.132.650.7952.042.660.2551.813.090.5650.3034.2810.2881.0324.662.3178.7728.095.0683.00100.0029.8735.67100.009.3326.38100.0018.0029.5999.6029.8735.6799.829.3326.3899.8218.0029.590.400.1214.000.180.
36、0218.000.180.0316.00100.0029.9935.58100.009.3526.36100.0018.0329.56续表3-7 II63 mm30.5 mm合计产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%产率/%灰分/%13.8725.5310.3916.2399.3133.49占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层灰分占本级占本层占全样灰分/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%/%2021222324252627282954.667.583.0162.586.503.0144.6344.3231.033.5812.891.7910.7215.791.6410.7212.5112.428.7012.47
37、3.870.5425.564.910.5125.564.294.262.9826.352.620.3636.133.480.3636.132.982.962.0736.232.530.3550.302.120.2250.303.313.292.3051.4323.433.2583.0011.121.1683.0032.2432.0222.4181.45100.0013.8525.73100.0010.3716.4199.7399.0569.3333.3799.8213.8525.7399.8210.3716.4199.7399.0569.3333.370.180.0216.000.180.02
38、16.000.270.260.1915.03100.0013.8725.71100.0010.3916.41100.0099.3169.5233.323.3原煤筛分资料综合与分析3.3.1 筛分资料综合将I、II层原料煤按3:7比例混合制成两层煤自然级筛分综合表3-8。3.3.2 筛分资料分析A I层原煤筛分资料分析由表3-1可以看出:1)大块可见矸石的含量为5.11%>5%,矸石含量为高矸,所以不适宜采用手选拣矸,应初步确定考虑机械选矸方法(动筛排矸、重介质分选、选择性破碎级排矸)。矸石的灰分Ad为86.07%>80.00%,故矸石的来源为煤层开采时的顶、底在开采中混进去的。2)>50mm煤的含量为9.96%,灰分为12.97%,含