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1、形容词比较级和最高级的构成和用法全面总结 高考英语语法总复习形容词比较级和最高级的构成（一）形容词比较级和最高级的构成法1）形容词的级有两种形式：比较级，表示“比较.”；最高级，表示“最.”。形容词本身为原级这三种形式总起来称为形容词的比较级别2）单音节词及少数双音节词都以在后面加词尾-er、-est的方式构成比较级大部分形容词的比较级和最高级是通过变化词尾来实现的，属于规则变化，但也有少数是没有规则的。接下来分别讲解比较级和最高级的规则变化与不规则变化。（二）规则变化1）规则变化的构成单音节词和少数双音节词变化如下表所示： 有很多形容词有两种形式的比较级和最高级。在现代英语中作表语的比较级和
2、最高级，无论其音节多少，人们总喜欢用more，most形式。 Glad，fond，shy，fit等词也有两种形式的比较级和最高级。可以在其后加er，est构成比较级和最高级，也可在其前加more，most构成比较级和最高级。 但real只能通过加more，most构成比较级和最高级 重读闭音节结尾的形容词需要双写词尾，然后加er，est。例如：Big 大的Fat 胖的Glad 高兴的Hot 热的Red 红色的Thin 瘦的 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词需要变y为i，然后加er，est。例如：Angry 生气的Busy 繁忙的Dirty 脏的Early 早的Happy 高兴的Hungry 饥饿的L
3、azy 懒惰的Lonely 孤独的Lucky 幸运的Noisy 吵闹的Unhappy 不高兴的 除以y结尾的双音节词外，以ow、er、te等结尾的双音节词，也可用加词尾的方法构成比较级和最高级： 大部分双音节词及多音节词都在前面加more和most构成比较级和最高级：有少数单音节词，如pleased，glad，tired，fond等，也在前面加more和most构成比较级和最高级： less和least也可用来构成比较级和最高级，表示“较/最不.”：2）规则变化的读音规则形容词的比较级和最高级的发音规律如下：· 一般情况下er、est分别读作、st。例如：tall-taller
4、9;t:l-tallesttlst· 如果形容词原级的词尾为不发音的字母r，在加er、est时要发r。Clear-clearer'klr-clearest'klrist· 如果形容词原级词尾的发音为，在加er和est时，在后要加g，变成g。Strong-strongerstrg-strongeststrgst（三）不规则的比较级和最高级形式1）有些形容词有不规则的比较级和最高级形式2）这些不规则形式的意思可表示如下：Two hands are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。Experience is the best teacher.
5、经验是良师。East,west,home is best.金窝银窝不如自己的草窝。Bad excuses are worse than none.狡辩比不狡辩更糟。Her cold was growing worse.她的感冒变得更严重了。The worst part of this journey was over.旅途中最糟糕的一段路程已经过去了。Whats the worst thing that could happen ?最坏会发生什么事？An eye finds more truth than two ears.百闻不如一见。We wont have any more discus
6、sion about it.这事我们不再讨论了。Least talk,most work.少说话，多干活。More haste,less speed.欲速则不达。3）older和elder意思不尽相同，older表示年级较大的，oldest表示年纪最大的。Elder和eldest主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系Shane is older than Tom.沙恩比汤姆年纪大。He is the oldest student in our class.他是我们班年龄最大的学生。He is my elder brother.他是我哥哥。Sarah is the elder of the two
7、.两人中萨拉是姐姐。Her eldest child is at university.她最大的孩子正在上大学。4）farther和further的意思不尽相同Farther：Manchester is farther from London than Oxford is.曼彻斯特比牛津离伦敦远。（较远）Further: It was a few miles further.这要远几英里。（更远）Further还有其他释义：They made further arrangements.他们做了进一步安排。（进一步的）Do you have any further questions to as
8、k ?你还有其他问题要问吗？（更多的）（四）英语中有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，故而没有比较级和最高级Right 正确Wrong 错误Excellent 最好的Final 最后的Last 最后的Possible 可能的First 第一East 东方的Empty 空的Wooden 木制的Impossible 不可能的形容词比较级的用法01形容词的比较级可以单独使用Are you feeling better today ?你今天感觉好点了吗？It couldnt be easier.这再简单不过了。Further supplies will soon be available
9、.不久将会有更多的补给。Cook gently for a further ten minutes.再用微火煮十分钟。We must do more with less money.我们要少花钱多做事。Ill try to make fewer mistakes in future.以后我尽量少犯错误。02形容词的比较级和than一起用，表示两者相比Than后可以跟： 名词或代词（若为人称代词，在口语中多用宾格）Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。She has more time than me (I do).她的时间比我多。I am a better swim
10、mer than you (are).我游泳比你好。A poor spirit is poorer than a poor purse.精神空虚比钱包空虚更可怜。 动名词Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比滑冰并刺激。This is more interesting than sitting in an office.这比坐在办公室有意思。Travelling by train is more comfortable than travelling by bus.坐火车旅行比坐汽车旅行舒服。Nothing is more unpleasant tha
11、n finding insects in your bath.没有什么比在浴缸里发现虫子更令人不快的了。Shopping at a supermarket is cheaper than going to the local shops.在超市购物比在当地商店购物便宜。 从句This is more than I can tell.这不是我能说的。He is stronger than I expected.他比我预料的更强壮。A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸和马一样，都不是鱼类。I am happier than I have ever
12、been.我现在比过去任何时候都快乐。 状语（包括副词、介词短语等）He is busier than ever.他比过去任何时候都忙。Its even colder than yesterday.今天比昨天还冷。She is in better health than last year.她身体比去年好了。It takes less time to go there by plane than by train.坐飞机到那里比坐火车快。 跟其他成分（如动词、形容词等）Better cut the shoe than pinch the foot.把鞋剪开总比夹脚好。Its easier to
13、 do it yourself than explain it to her.你自己干比给她解释更容易。Its better to be prepared than unprepared.有准备比没准备好。George was less intelligent than aggressive.与其说乔治聪颖过人，不如说他言行放肆。He was more lucky than clever.他是运气好，而不是更聪明。03形容词比较级的特殊用法1）“more.than”有时可以把两种品质加以比较，表示“更多.而不是”I was more worried than annoyed when he d
14、idnt come home.他没回家时我更多的是担心而不是生气。She is more beautiful than clever.与其说她聪明不如说她漂亮。To them,music is more a way of life than just an interest.对他们来说，音乐是一种生活方式而不仅仅是一种爱好。2）more and more这类结构可表示“越来越.”Its getting hotter and hotter.天气越来越热了。Secretly she became more and more indignant.她内心感到越来越气愤。Holiday flights
15、for the Spring Festival are getting less and less expensive.春节假日的机票越来越便宜了。3）the more.the more可表示“越是.越.”The more learned a man is,the more modest he usually is.一个人越有学问，往往越谦虚。The more I have,the more I want.我拥有的越多，想要的就越多。The more he flatters me,the less I like him.他越迎合我，我越不喜欢他。4）more than常用在数词前，表示“超过.
16、”或“.多”He cant be more than thirty.他不可能超过三十。More than 800 people attended the concert.八百多人出席了这场音乐会。I have known David for more than 20 years.我已经认识大卫二十多年了。5）less than常表示“不到.”或“不太”（美语）Its less than a mile to the station.去火车站不到一英里。In less than an hour he finished the work.没用一小时他就完成了工作。The boys were less
17、 than happy about having a party.对于开晚会，男生们不太高兴。We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day.那天我们很忙，不太想接待客人。6）no less than表示“多达”、“不少于”No less than 2000 people came.至少来了两千人。Its population is no less than two million.There are no less than three officials waiting there.至少有三名官员等候在那里。7）m
18、ore or less表示“基本上”、“大体上”或“大约”The answers were more or less right.这些回答大体上是正确的。We are expecting 150 delegates at the conference,more or less.我们预计大约会有150名代表参加会议。By the time of dress rehearsal she had known her lines more or less by heart.到彩排的时候，她几乎把台词都背下来了。04as.as和not so.as结构1）as.as可表示“和.一样.”（注意形容词要用原级
19、）He is as smart as,or smarter than,his brother.他像他兄弟一样聪明，甚至超过了他。The disease disappeared as suddenly as it came.疾病骤然而至，又突然消失。He is as energetic as a young man.他像年轻人一样充满活力。She was as busy as before.她像过去一样忙。2）在否定句中可用not as.as.或not so.as.表示“不像.那样”Manslaughter is not as (so) bad as murder.过失杀人没有谋杀那么严重。Th
20、e problem isnt as easy as you imagine.问题不像你想象的那么简单。He is not so wise was his brother.他不像他哥哥那样聪明。Im not so indifferent as you think.我没有你想的那么冷漠。The situation is not so bad as had been painted.情况没有描绘的那样糟糕。3）在as.as结构中也可以插入修饰语Their house is about three times as big as ours.他们的房子比我们的房子约大两倍。Petrol is twice
21、 as expensive as it was a few years ago.汽油比前几年贵了一倍。05比较级常见的错误1）more不可修饰比较级，但可以用much来加强比较的强度，意为“.的多”、“更.”He looks much younger than I. ()He looks more younger than I.(×)2）比较的对象或范围出现错误The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ()The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai.(×)
22、China is larger than any other country in Asia. ()China is larger than any country in Asia.(×)（出现了逻辑上的错误。中国就是亚洲的一个国家，应当排除在外。）China is larger than any country in Africa.()than后面接代词时，一般用主格，但在口语中也使用宾格。如果than后是一个句子，则不可使用宾格。She works harder than me.She works harder than I do.形容词最高级的用法01形容词最高级的主要用法形容
23、词最高级主要表示“最.”，前面一般加定冠词the：This is the oldest theater in London.这是伦敦最古老的剧院。It was the quickest route from Rome to Milan.这是从罗马到米兰最快捷的路线。Helen Keller said one day,“The saddest word in the English language is unloved.”海伦凯勒曾经说过，“英语中最令人难过的词就是无人疼爱的。”Express mail is the fastest way to send a letter.快递是最快的寄信方
24、式。Which is the longest river in the world ?世界上最长的河流是哪条？She has the worst task of us all.我们所有人中她的任务最艰巨。有时后面有一个从句修饰：This is the sweetest song (that) Ive ever heard.这是我听过的最甜美的歌。That was the worst film (that) he had ever seen.那是他看过的最糟糕的电影。He is the kindest man (that) Ive ever met.他是我碰到过的最善良的人。Thats the
25、most beautiful picture Ive ever seen.这是我见过的最美的画。That was the most tasty meal Ive ever had.那是我吃过的最可口的饭菜。02最高级形容词也可单独使用，后面不跟表示比较范围的修饰语Her eldest daughter is nine years old.她的大女儿九岁。No one dared to raise the least objection.没人敢提出一丁点儿反对意见。Which is the nearest hospital ?哪一个是最近的医院？Whats the best time to go
26、 there ?什么时候到那里最好？Now we come to the most important thing.现在我们来谈最重要的事。03形容词最高级可作表语，这时定冠词the可以省略I think her plan is best.我认为她的计划最好。We are busiest on Monday.我们星期一最忙。Her argument is most convincing.她的论点最有说服力。Cotton blankets are generally cheapest.棉毛毯一般最便宜。04most有时用在形容词前不表示最高级，意为“非常.”，前面可以加a/all或不加冠词We
27、were all most anxious to go home.我们都很想回家。It is a most joyful occasion.这是一段非常快乐的日子。She is a most mysterious person.她是个非常神秘的人。That was a most extraordinary thing.那是一件很特别的事。He has been most kind to me.他对我非常好。I should be most happy to help you.我会非常高兴帮助你。05形容词最高级还可以和at构成短语作表语，表示“处于.的状态”The peony was at i
28、ts brightest.牡丹花正在开放。I knew she was at her worst.我知道这时她心情最糟。The garden is at its best this month.这个月花园里的花开得最好。She was at her happiest in her home in the country.她在乡下家里时最高兴。06形容词最高级还可和at构成许多短语作状语He is,at best,a second-rate novelist.他充其量也就是个二流小说家。I may not be good,but at least let me have a try.我可能不算好，但至少让我试试。He had been away for 15 minutes at the most.他顶多离开一刻钟。I cant go to London till May 5th at the earliest.我最早也要五月五日才能去伦敦。Ill be with you at least by ten.我最迟十点钟来陪你。