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1、高考英语语法总复习：形容词的特征与分类6.1.1 形容词的特征每种事物都有其特征，用来描述事物特征的词就是形容词，形容词主要用来描述事物的大小、形状、颜色等具体特征，也可用来陈述事物的状态等。形容词在语法上一般具有如下几个特征： 作定语置于被修饰词的前面Friendship is the golden thread that ties the hearts of all the world.友谊是把世界所有人的心连在一起的金色的线。Laura usually wears a friendly smile,whatever she goes.劳拉不管走到哪里，总是带着友善的微
2、笑。 作表语置于连系动词的后面Judy was alone at home last night.昨天晚上，朱迪一人在家。Who has not tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没吃过苦的人，不知道什么是甜。 多数形容词具有比较级You need work harder to get a higher score in the final examination.Wisdom is stronger than fate. 具有独特的后缀形式（如下表所示）6.1.2 形容词的分类形容词大体上可以分为
3、下面几类：·品质形容词·类属形容词·颜色形容词·强调形容词·-ing形容词·-ed形容词·合成形容词（一）品质形容词英语中大量形容词都属于这一类，它们表示人或物的品质。Hope is a good breakfast but a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是顿糟糕的晚餐。It was a lovely quiet beach.这是一片美丽而宁静的海滩。海滩Art is long,life is short.人生有涯而学海无涯。这类形容词一般都能用
4、于比较级，如bigger、simpler、younger等。（二）类属形容词这类形容词表示属于哪一类。An original writer is not one who imitates nobody,but one (whom) nobody can imitate.有独创性的作家不是不模仿别人，而是谁也模仿不了他。We must learn to use our cultural heritage.The eastern sky was just turning pink.东边的天空刚刚泛红。This medicine is for ext
5、ernal use only.此药仅供外用。这类形容词一般不能用于比较级。（三）颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词。His face went purple with rage.他的脸气得发紫。Leaves begin to turn green in spring.春天树叶开始变绿。这类形容词前面还可加light、pale、dark、deep、bright等词。例如：Light brown hair淡褐色的头发A pale green dress一件淡绿色的连衣裙A deep blue skirt一套深蓝色的套装（四）确定形容词有些形容词起强调作用。Its an utter
6、 mystery.这完全是个谜。I have perfect trust in his judgement.我绝对相信他的判断力。We spent the entire afternoon gossiping.我们整个下午都在聊天。He is complete new-comer for the city.在这个城市，他完全是个陌生人。（五）-ing形容词1）有大量现在分词正在或已经成为形容词It was an exciting game.（The game excited me.）那是一场令人激动的比赛。It is really a
7、n enchanting romantic comedy.（It enchanted us.）真是一出引人入胜的浪漫喜剧。She is pleasing in her appearance.（Her appearance pleases us.）她的模样很招人喜欢。这类形容词有很多也是品质形容词，有时可用于最高级（如most amazing，most disappointing）。2）有一些-ing形容词和不及物动词有关We hope to lessen the existing tension.Obstacles to agreement still&
8、#160;exist.The few remaining guests were in the kitchen finishing off the wine.余下的几位客人在厨房里准备把酒喝完。Few of the original architectures remains.原来的建筑保存下来的极少。He is one of the greatest living composers.The birds live only on this island.这类形容词只能作定语，不能用于比较级。3）还有一些-ing形容词并不与动词有关N
9、eighbouring cities邻近的城市A cunning trickImpending disasterAn enterprising woman有事业心的女子A balding man头发日稀的人Appetizing smell引起食欲的香味4）还有少数-ing形容词，包含一个副词The outgoing mail准备寄出的邮件The forthcoming election即将到来的选举Outlying areas偏远地区An overbearing manner傲慢的态度An ongoing debate在进行的辩论The incoming president新选的总统An on
10、going car正开来的汽车An outstanding writer杰出的作家（六）-ed形容词1）大多数-ed形容词都与及物动词有关，是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词I could hear his agitated voice.我可以听到他激动的声音。She had confused feelings about him.她对他有一种复杂的感情。2）有些-ed形容词可说是类属形容词，也由动词的过去分词变来，但不能用于比较级He is an established political figure.Voters suspected
11、 a hidden political agenda.It was only a small cut,but it became infected.这只是一个小伤口，但已被感染了。He has very fixed ideas of how a wife should behave.他对于一个妻子该如何处事有着很固执的看法。3）有少数-ed形容词，不是由动词而是由名词变来的A principled stand原则立场Skilled workers技术工人Salaried class工薪阶层Armoured vehicles装甲车A gifted pianist有天赋的钢琴家Winged ins
12、ects有翅膀的昆虫A flowered headscarf印花头巾4）还有少数-ed形容词，其含义与相关动词有所不同A noted scholar一位著名的学者A guarded answer谨慎的回答A marked improvement显著的提高Assorted sweets杂拌糖果Sophisticated equipment尖端设备Rugged country崎岖不平的田野5）有些-ed形容词包含副词A well-equipped armyStrongly-motivated students学习动力强的学生Simply-furnished rooms陈设简单的房间A well-k
13、nown musician一位著名的音乐家A cautiously-worded statementSmartly-dressed ladies穿着漂亮的女士们Highly-developed industry高度发展的工业（七）合成形容词1）合成形容词在英语中是比较普遍的，最常见的有下面几类 形容词+名词+edGood-natured 天性善良Soft-hearted 心肠很软的Sweet-tempered 脾气很好的Narrow-minded 心胸狭隘的 副词+过去分词Low-paid 工资很低的Well-bred 很有教养的Far-fetched 牵强附会的Poorly-written
14、写得很差的 形容词+现在分词Fine-sounding 动听的Nice-looking 漂亮的Easy-going 好说话的Bitter-tasting 有苦味的 副词+现在分词Hard-working 勤劳的Far-reaching 深远的Low-lying 低洼的Long-standing 长期存在的 名词+现在分词Time-consuming 费时间的Labor-saving 节省劳动力的Heart-breaking 令人心碎的Trouble-making 捣乱的 形容词+名词Present-day 当代的White-collar 白领Full-time 全职High-class 高级2
15、）还有一些其他类型的合成形容词A tree-lined avenue（名词+过去分词）林荫大道Duty-free shops（名词+形容词）免税商店A two-piece suit（数次+名词）两套件的西服All-out attempt（副词+副词）全力以赴的努力Take-home pay（动词+副词）实得工资3）还有一些三个或更多词构成的合成形容词Wait-and-see policy观望政策Heart-to-heart talk推心置腹的谈话Wall-to-wall carpet满铺的地毯Well-to-do families富裕家庭A life-and-death struggleState-of-the-art technology尖端科技An out-of-the-way place偏僻之地An out-of-date driving license过期驾照The day-to-day administration日常行政工作