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1、Coal Outbursts and Outburst Control in Chinese Coal Mines: PCG Experience中国平煤神马集团煤与瓦斯突出防治工作的实践,Outline,平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出情况Coal Outbursts in PCG平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出监测预警 Outburst Monitoring平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出防治Outburst Control,Coal Outbursts in PCG一、平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出情况,China is the worlds most serious national gas disaster中国是世界上瓦
2、斯灾害最严重的国家。 国有重点煤矿48%以上是高瓦斯和瓦斯突出矿井。Heavy casualties, suffered serious losses伤亡重大、损失严重 建国以来共发生22起死亡百人以上煤矿事故，其中20起是瓦斯灾害事故，死亡3331人。 2011年，全国煤矿发生瓦斯事故119起、死亡533人。,2011年全国煤矿10人以上事故统计,中国煤与瓦斯突出概况Coal Outbursts in China,中国平煤神马集团目前共有23个原煤生产单位，36对矿井(不包括整合小煤矿)。其中突出矿井16对，煤与瓦斯突出矿井核定产能3662万吨/年，占全公司产能（5008万吨/年）的73.1
3、%。 PCG has 36 coal mines with overall annual coal production capacity 50 million tons. Out of our 36 coal mines, there are 16 coal outburst mines with coal production capacity 36.62 million tons / year,.,1、矿区基本情况Introduction,中国平煤神马集团所开采的突出煤层普遍松软、顶板坚硬，煤层渗透率为0.00010.0061mD，属难以抽采煤层。目前，主力生产矿井均已进入深部开采，最大
4、开采深度达1100m以上，生产区域煤层最大瓦斯含量达30.0m3/t，最大瓦斯压力达6.60 MPa，特别是禹州的突出矿井和平顶山矿区东部的八矿、十矿、十二矿、十三矿、平宝公司，瓦斯压力与地应力相互耦合，严重威胁着煤矿的安全生产。Permeability is low, between 0.0001-0.0061mD.Gas pressure is high with maximum pressure 6.6MPa. Gas content is high with maximum value 30m3/t. Coal outburst possibility is large. At the
5、 moment, most mining operations are under 800m deep. Some of mines are operated with depth at 1100 m.,1、矿区基本情况Introduction,2、矿区煤与瓦斯突出特点及规律Characteristic,自1984年发生第一次煤与瓦斯突出以来，累计发生突出156次,平均煤量117.2t/次，平均瓦斯量8633.6m3/次。Since 1984, occurred the first coal and gas outburst. Accumulative coal and gas outburs
6、t 156 times. The average amount of coal 117.2t and gas 8633.6m3 .,矿井突出次数对比Number of outburst in different mines,矿井突出煤量与突出瓦斯量对比Outburst amount of coal and gas in different mines,突出类型Outburst types,突出与采掘工艺关系Outburst and mining technology,突出与构造关系Outburst and tectonic,2、矿区煤与瓦斯突出特点及规律Characteristic,不同煤层煤
7、与瓦斯突出强度不同。其中己组煤层突出次数最多、突出煤量和瓦斯涌出量最大，戊组次之，丁组最小。Different coal seams of varying intensity of coal and gas outburst. Which group B has most number of outburst, and the largest amount of coal and gas, followed by group C, group D Min.,2、矿区煤与瓦斯突出特点及规律,D,C,B,Outburst Monitoring二、平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出监测预警,采动应力,非稳定,瓦
8、斯积聚,裂缝形成,All kinds of dynamic disasters have unified power source, the mechanical process that dynamic disasters occur from birth is very complex. Once we master the main factors and their mutual coupling relationship, it is possible to reveal the deep mine dynamic disasters mechanism.,1、动力灾害多因素耦合统一
9、灾变机理Multi-factors Coupling Unified Disaster Mechanism of Dynamic Disasters,矿井各类动力灾害都具有统一的动力源，动力灾害从孕育到发生的力学过程十分复杂，受到多种因素的影响，只要掌握了主要影响因素及其相互耦合关系，就有可能揭示深部动力灾害的灾变机理。,在此基础上我们提出了以平顶山东三矿为试验矿井构建统一预测与防治技术体系的总体思路. On this basis, we propose east three mine for the trial to build an unified system of prediction
10、 and prevention technology.,实施统一防治,实现统一监测预警,实行统一预测,建立统一理论,2、动力灾害统一防治技术体系Dynamic disasters unified prevention technology system,八矿戊9-10煤层动力灾害分级预测图Dynamic disasters prediction map of C9-10 in Mine No.8,等级：按作业规程进行。,等级：单一局部解危，加强检测。,等级：局部解危，加强检测。,等级：综合解危，加强检测。,等级：综合解危，加强检测，效果检验。,3、动力灾害统一预测Dynamic disaste
11、rs unified prediction,如何实现复合动力灾害监测预警？How to monitoring?,应力监测Stress monitoring,统一监测预警unified monitoring,基于统一机理Based on the unified theory,电荷法The Electric Charge Method,钻屑温度法The Cuttings Temperature Method,4、动力灾害统一监测预警 Dynamic disasters unified monitoring,5、煤与瓦斯突出预测Outburst prediction,区域突出危险性预测、区域防突措施
12、、区域措施效果检验、区域验证Regional outburst prediction, regional outburst prevention measures, regional test the effectiveness of measures, regional verification工作面突出危险性预测、工作面防突措施、工作面措施效果检验、安全防护措施Workface outburst prediction, workface outburst prevention measures, workface test the effectiveness of measures, se
13、curity measures,两个“四位一体”综合防突措施Two of four in one“ integrated outburst control measures,根据煤层瓦斯压力或瓦斯含量进行区域预测的临界值Critical value for regional forecast according to gas pressure or gas content,5、煤与瓦斯突出预测Outburst prediction,复合指标法预测煤巷掘进工作面突出危险性的参考临界值Reference critical value of composite index method predic
14、ted outburst in coalroad driving face,石门揭煤工作面突出危险性预测综合指标D、K参考临界值Composite indicator D, K reference critical value for outburst prediction ofrock cross-cutting to uncover coal,5、煤与瓦斯突出预测Outburst prediction,Outburst Control三、平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出防治,具备保护层开采条件的煤层首先开采保护层，保护层开采分为煤组间保护和煤组内保护。The protective mining is
15、 divided into between and within coal group protection. 煤组间保护：一矿、四矿、六矿、十矿开采戊组煤层保护丁组煤层，十矿三水平、首山一矿开展己组煤层保护戊组煤层的试验研究。Mining Group C protect Group D in mine No.1, No.4, No.6, No.10, Mining Group B protect Group C in mine No.10, SY No.1.,（1）具备保护层开采条件的煤层Coal seam with protection seam,煤组内保护：十二矿三水平开采己14煤层保护
16、己15煤层；四矿、六矿三水平、八矿二水平、十矿开采戊8煤层保护戊9-10煤层。Mining B14 protect B15 in mine No.12, Mining Group C8 protect Group C9-10 in mine No.4, No.6, No.8, No.10.,1、确定瓦斯区域防治技术路线Technical routes,不具备保护层开采条件的突出煤层实行分级治理： Outburst coal seam without protection seam adopting a classification control 瓦斯压力小于1.5MPa且瓦斯含量小于10m3
17、/t的弱突出煤层，采用区段递进式预抽煤层瓦斯；Weak outburst coal seam with gas pressure less than 1.5MPa and gas content less than 10m3 / t, using progressive sections pre - drainage coal seam gas,（2）不具备保护层开采条件的煤层Coal seam without protection seam,1、确定瓦斯区域防治技术路线Technical routes,瓦斯压力达到1.5MPa或瓦斯含量达到10m3/t的区域，煤巷掘进前，必须施工低（高）位预
18、抽巷，预抽煤巷条带煤层瓦斯；Coal seam with gas pressure to 1.5MPa or gas content to 10m3 / t, should construct low (high) pre - drainage lane before excavating coal lane, striped pre - drainage coal seam gas;,1、确定瓦斯区域防治技术路线Technical routes,（2）不具备保护层开采条件的煤层Coal seam without protection seam,瓦斯压力达到2.0 MPa的区域，煤巷掘进前，除
19、施工低（高）位预抽巷外，应采用水力冲孔、水力割缝、松动爆破等卸压增透措施，提高瓦斯防治效果。Coal seam with gas pressure to 2.0MPa, before excavating coal lane, besides construct low (high) pre - drainage lane, and Should adopt relief measures, such as hydraulic punching, hydraulic cutting seam, loose blasting, to improve the gas control effect.
20、,1、确定瓦斯区域防治技术路线Technical routes,（2）不具备保护层开采条件的煤层Coal seam without protection seam,2、积极探索新技术和先进经验，为瓦斯防治提供技术支撑,针对目前瓦斯防治方面存在的难题，结合国家重点基础研究计划（973项目）以及“十二五”科技支撑计划，重点围绕极薄煤层保护层开采、低透煤层增透、瓦斯抽采钻孔封孔和联网技术进行研究，有针对性的开展了“深部煤炭开发中煤与瓦斯共采理论”与“深部矿井煤与瓦斯突出防治关键技术及示范”研究与应用，形成了一批有效的单一突出煤层瓦斯防治技术体系与配套装备，进一步提高了中国平煤神马集团瓦斯防治技术水平
21、。For the current gas control problems, combined with the National Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) and the Twelfth Five Technology Support Program, focus on the thin protective coal seam mining, low permeability coal seam improve permeability, gas drainage drilling sealing and networking tec
22、hnology research, targeted launched the coal and gas extraction theory in the deep coal development and deep mine coal and gas outburst prevention key technologies and demonstration research and application, further improve China Pingmei Shenma Group gas control technology.,普通钻孔 水力冲孔 普通钻孔 水力冲孔,水力冲孔与
23、普通穿层钻孔相比，扰动煤体体积提高69倍，影响煤体表面积提高56倍，普通抽放孔的最大起始流量为11L/min，而冲孔后的抽放孔最大起始流量为78 L/min，是普通抽放孔的7倍。Hydraulic punching compared with the ordinary crossing drilling, disturbance of coal volume increased by 6 to 9 times, the impact of coal surface area increased by 5 to 6 times, the maximum normal drainage drill
24、ing initial flow of 11L/min, but after punching the maximum initial flow of drainage drilling 78 L / min, its seven times the normal drainage drilling.,十二矿己15-17200低位巷穿层钻孔low lane crossing-borehole in B15-17200 mine No.12,2.1 高压水力冲孔技术High-pressure hydraulic punching,该技术利用高压脉冲水射流振荡特性、动态冲击特性及破碎煤岩特性，在高
25、低位抽放巷、煤巷掘进、石门揭煤等瓦斯预抽时对煤层进行割缝，达到高效抽采的目的。The technology uses high-pressure water jet pulse oscillation characteristics, dynamic impact properties and characteristics of coal and rock crushing, Crosscut coal seam in the high or low gas drainage lane, achieve efficient drainage purposes.,2.2 高压脉冲水射流定向卸压
26、增透Pulsed water jet directed relief,2.3 地面井组抽采瓦斯Ground gas drainage wells group,目前，集团公司大力发展地面抽采井“一井三用”技术，即采前预抽、采动抽采、采空区抽采，使突出煤层瓦斯含量和压力分别降低到8m3/t和0.74Mpa以下，实现安全回采。Currently, we develop ground extraction wells, “one well with three function technology. Gas extraction method from a single underground ga
27、s drainage, develop to ground wells, underground crossing drilling, and coal seam drilling, 3-D integrated gas extraction method.,试验井组位于首山一矿己15-17-12081工作面西部。Group of test wells located in west of working face B15-17-12081.,高聚能等离子脉冲技术又称电爆震技术。脉冲高电压首先引起电极间隙的水击穿，形成等离子体电弧通道。强大的放电电流通过电弧电阻瞬间加热周围的水，温度可达到一万
28、摄氏度以上，使其迅速升温、汽化、膨胀，并在所形成气泡的边界上辐射出冲击波，压力超过100 Mpa。冲击波频率与储层固有振动频率基本一致，形成共振，从而快速沟通旧裂缝和增加新的裂缝；同时产生电磁波，减弱煤层对煤层气的吸附，达到增产目的。Pulsed high voltage is first breakdown the water in electrode gap, forming a plasma arc channel. The plasma pulse causes high temperatures reach more than 10000 degrees Celsius. Subse
29、quently a “shock wave” with pressure that exceeds the stratum pressure by many times is formed. Shock wave frequency are basically the same as the natural frequency of the reservoir, accordingly form resonance, and rapid Interconnecting the existing fractures and forming new fractures. Generated sim
30、ultaneously electromagnetic waves, weakened adsorption of methane, increasing production,2.4 高聚能等离子脉冲增透技术Plasma-pulse improved permeability,2.4 高聚能等离子脉冲增透技术Plasma-pulse improved permeability,试验现场Testing field,增透后1号井排气情况Well No. 1 after improved permeability,初步试验单井平均产能达到600 m3/d以上。Single well average production capacity reached 600 m3 / d.,2.4 高聚能等离子脉冲增透技术Plasma-pulse improved permeability,谢 谢！,