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1、高考英语语法总复习：现在完成时和现在完成进行时的结构和用法现在完成时的结构和用法01一、构成Have (has)+过去分词02二、用法现在完成时主要用来表示完成某事或某一动作持续到现在的状态。（一）表示已经做完某事表示说话时已经做完了某事。常与already，yet，just，by this time，so far等时间状语连用。例句1：Downing Street has so far refused to comment on these reports.英国政府对这些报道迄今不予评论。例句2：They have not yet agree
2、d to our requests but they are clearly weakening.他们还没同意我们的要求，但态度已明显变软。例句3：Her latest novel has already run to three impressions.她最近出版的一部小说已经印刷三次了。（二）表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在这种用法表示动作发生在过去，但是一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如all my life，all the time，all day，up to now，so far，in the past/
3、last few years，（ever）since then，（ever）since last year，since two years ago，（ever）since，for a long time等。例句1：The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1965 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century.州级公路系统的建设最终于1956年启动，现已被公认为本世纪最大的公共建筑工程项目之一。例句2：I&
4、#39;ve lived here all my life.我一生都住在这里。例句3：Her life has run smoothly up to now.她的生活到目前仍一帆风顺。例句4：We've been good friends since we were very young.我们从小就很要好。例句5：Molly went to Japan last year.And I haven't heard from her ever since.莫丽去年去了日本，自那以后我就再也没有收到她的来信。（三）在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来完成时在时间状语
5、从句和条件状语从句中表示将来完成时用现在完成时。例句1：Don't drink the tea until it has finished infusing.茶泡好再喝。例句2：Once you have made this decision,there will be no turning back.你一旦做出这个决定，就不能改变主意。例句2：As long as you have washed all the dishes,you are allowed to play.只要你把碗都洗完，你就可以玩了。03三、现在完成时和一般过去时的比较（一）现在完成
6、时表示的动作与现在有关系，或是对现在有影响，或谈现在之前这一段时间里发生的事；一般过去时单纯谈过去的事，与现在没有关系，因此凡是有过去时间状语时，只能用一般过去时。例句对比1：Susan rang up three times this morning.苏珊尽早打了三次电话。（现在是下午或晚上）Susan has rang up three times this morning.苏珊尽早打了三次电话。（现在还是早晨）例句对比2：I lived in a hostel for two years.我在青年招待所住过两年。（现在不在青年招待所）I have&
7、#160;lived in a hostel for two years.我在青年招待所住了两年了。（现在还在青年招待所）（二）有时同一个动作，根据具体情况，可能需要不同的时态例句对比：We've had little rain this summer.今年夏天雨水很少。（现仍是夏天）We had little rain the summer.夏天雨水很少。（现已不是夏天）（三）有些动作（显然是过去的动作），尽管没有时间状语，仍需要用过去时例句1：Why did you come home so late ?你为什么回家这么晚？例句2：Did you get any
8、thing interesting from eBay ?你在eBay网上淘到什么有趣的东西了吗？例句3：How did you like the show ?你觉得演出怎么样？04四、有关现在完成时的几个问题（一）have gone to和have been to的区别1）have gone to表示“到某地去了”，此时人还在那里例句1：Where has Marry gone ?玛丽到哪里去了。例句2：The children have gone to play in the park.孩子们到公园玩去了。例句3：Has she
9、gone to Paris on business or for pleasure ?她到巴黎是办公事还是游玩去了。2）have been (to) 表示“到（来）过某地”例句1：They've been to the cinema means that they went and have returned.“他们去过电影院”意思是他们去了而且已经回来了。例句2：I've been to the top of Eiffel Tower many a time.我曾多次登上埃菲尔铁塔的塔顶。例句3：Who's been here ?谁来过这里？（人已离开）后面
10、还可跟不定式：例句1：I've been to see my grandmother.我去看我奶奶了。（现已回来）例句2：She's been to do some window shopping.她出去逛街了。（二）since作时间状语的句子的时态1）由since引导的从句一般用过去时（主句谓语用现在完成时）例句1：Since I dropped it on the floor my watch has gone completely haywire.我的表掉到地板上后，就完全坏掉了。例句2：We've been friends ever
11、 since we met at the party.自从在聚会上认识以来，我们一直是朋友。例句3：He's been lying low ever since I asked him for the money he owes me.自从我催他还钱，他就不露面了。2）当表示“有多少时间”时，主句谓语可用一般现在时例句1：It's two years since I left home.我离家已经两年了。例句2：How long is it since you came here last time ?自从你
12、上次来这里之后已经多久了？3）在从句中有时可用现在完成时，特别是动词为be时例句1：I have been terribly busy since I've been back.我回来之后一直忙的要命。例句2：She has seldom been been out since she has been here.她来这儿后就很少出去。例句3：It's some time since I've been out of home.我离家有相当一段时间了。（三）在时间及条件状语从句中需要用现在完成时代替将来完成时例句1：He'll write a pref
13、ace for me when I've finished the book.书写完后他将为我写一篇序。例句2：Don't talk to me until I have finished writing the poem.在我写完这首诗之前不要和我说话。例句3：Don't rush her unless she's already got everything ready.除非她把一切都准备好了，否则不要催促她。（四）和time一起用的情况例句1：It's the first time the painting has been d
14、isplayed to the public.这是该画首次公开展出。例句2：It's only the second time the team has lost a match this season.那仅仅是本赛季该队第二次失利而已。例句3：This is third time you've been late for work this week;it simply won't do,I'm afraid.这是你本周里第三次上班迟到了，这可不行啊。在下面句型中也可用现在完成时：例句1：It's the first good meal I&
15、#39;ve had for ages.这是很久以来我吃过的第一顿好饭。例句2：What's the longest job she's held down ?她干得时间最长的是什么工作？例句3：This is the easiest job I have ever had.这是我干过的最容易的工作。例句4：This is the worst easy I've read.这是我看过的最差的文章。（五）have got形式上是现在完成时，意思上却和have相同例句1：I've got no idea what to do,
16、have you ?我不知道该怎么办，你呢？例句2：What have you got against me ?你对我有什么意见呢？例句3：I've got a few things to see to.我有几件事要做。例句4：I've got a cold.我着凉了。（六）have got to和have toHave got to和have to意思一样，表示“不得不”。例句1：You've got to take life seriously.那你对待生活要严肃一些。例句2：You've got to deal with th
17、is,don't try and dump it in my lap.这事你得去处理，别想往我身上推。在口语中，have有时可以省略：例句：We got to make ends meet.我们得收支相抵。现在完成进行时的构成和用法01一、构成Have (has) been+现在分词02二、用法现在完成进行时是现在完成时和进行时的结合，既有现在完成时的特点，也有进行时的特点。（一）表示一个持续到现在的动作现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间（这种动作可能刚停止，也有可能继续进行，需要根据上下文判断）。这个时态多用持续性动词，如live，le
18、arn，lie，stay，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和all this time，this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等状语以及since（自从）和for（经历）所引导的短语或状语从句连用（与since和for连用时，动作常会继续下去）。例句1：We've been living on the breadline for weeks.几个星期以来我们一直吃了上顿没下顿。（有可能继续，有可能不再继续）例句2：I'm very tired.I've been working&#
19、160;all morning.我很累，干了一上午的活了。（有可能继续，有可能不再继续）例句3：Computers have been selling well this month.这个月电脑销售情况良好。例句4：How long have you been working in this company ?你在这家公司上班多长时间了？（显然还要继续工作下去）（二）表示重复性动作有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。例句1：You've been losing things all the time.你老是
20、丢东西。例句2：She has been seeing him recently.她最近频频与他见面。例句3：You've been saying for a year that will buy me a sports car.你说要给我买一辆跑车都说了一年了。（三）表示长时间地做某事在强调长时间地做某事时用现在完成进行时。例句1：They have been watching television for a long time.他们已经看了很长时间的电视了。例句2：I have been looking forward to your gift fo
21、r a whole year.我一整年都盼着你的礼物。（四）表示感情色彩现在完成进行时有时带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感情色彩。例句1：Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事的日子。例句2：Car sales have been shrinking recently.汽车销量近来一直在下降。例句3：I have been wanting to see you for a long time.和你见面是我盼望已经的事了。例句4：She has been cheating the company the time sh
22、e entered.她自入职以来一直在欺骗公司。例句5：You know,you recently have been making things terribly difficult for him.要知道，你也真是太为难他啦。03三、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较（一）现在完成时往往强调已经完成，现在完成进行时却强调持续并可能继续持续下去例句对比1：I have repaired the washing machine.我已经修好了洗衣机。I have been repairing the washing machine.我一直在修洗衣机。例句对比2：The
23、 students have prepared for the exam.学生们已经为考试做了准备。The students have been preparing for the exam.学生们一直在准备考试。（二）一些表示静态的动词往往只能用现在完成进行时。这样的静态动词主要有lie，stand，sit，wait，rain等例句对比1：She has lain in bed for a week.（少见）She has been lying in bed for a week.她已经卧床一周了。（常见）例句对比2：I have expected t
24、he letter for two months.（少见）I have been expecting the letter for two months.我等这封信都已经等了两个月了。但当意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时：例句1：She has been having a tooth out.她在拔牙。例句2：Which judge has been hearing the case ?哪个法官在审这个案子？例句3：I've been thinking of doing so for a long time.我好久以来一直想这样做。例句4：The children have been looking forward to this holiday for months.孩子们好几个月以来一直盼望着这个节日。