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1、优质文本冠词知识梳理一 定义： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词前面，帮助说明名词的含义它可以说是名词的一种标志，不能单独使用，无词义。 思考：名词与冠词 “马是一种有用的动物，表示“一类，可以有三种说法： A. A horse is a useful animal. B. The horse is a useful animal. C. Horses are useful animals.： 不定冠词(a/an) 定冠词(the)； 零冠词(即不用冠词) 重点理解： 1. 泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。 2. 特指是指上文已经提到的人或事物， 或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物，
2、也可以指说话双方所默认的特定的人或事物。 3. 类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。三 具体用法：一不定冠词 a / an1. 表示数量上的“一 There is a nice dog. I have two brothers and a sister. 2. 用在表示时间、速度、价格等计量单位的名词前表示“每一,相当于per 或every。Take the medicine three times a day. The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour.2. 第一次提到某个人或事物时,通常使用不定冠词,此为“泛指。 Long long ag
3、o there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 3. 用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物,即以一个个体代表整类人或事物,此为“类指。 A horse is a useful animal.I want to be a singer. 特殊：4. 用于某一个人名、地名前,使专有名词普通化。 例如: A Mr. Wang called you ten minutes ago. 一位王先生10分钟前打过你 A Mr. Li has been waiting for you.一位姓李的先生一直在等你。Chongqing is kn
4、own as a Shanghai of the west.重庆被称作西部的上海。(Shanghai 是专有名词,本句中a Shanghai 指和上海一样繁华的城市)5.用于序数词(后加名词)前,表示“又一个,又一次。例如: Although he has failed twice，he would like to try a third time. He tried a sixth time and succeeded.他又试第六次,结果成功了。 6. 用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了(固定搭配) ， 表示“一种、“一件、“一份等 a pleasure / a success/ a
5、 failureHe went to the USA in search of a better life. It is an honor for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。has a knowledge of have apreferencefor a heavy rain优质文本have a cold、fever; at a loss; atanearlyage once upon a time as a result (of)in a hurry in a word once in a while have a good ti
6、me have a word with 与说句话 have/take a look (at) have/take a rest take an active part in all of a sudden 优质文本二 定冠词 the 指出以下句子中定冠词的用法1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物. The man in blue is my brother.2. 上文提到过的人或物. Id like to buy a car. The car should be powered by new energy. 我想买辆车。这辆车应该用新能源做动力。3. 指世界上独一无二的事物. As is know
7、n to all, the earth is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前面. (1) winter is the coldest season . (2) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5. 用在表示方向、方位的名词前. the right(右边) Zhe jiang lies in the southeast of China.6. 用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。 in the Tang Dynasty; in the 1990s(在20 世纪90 年代)7. 用
8、在表示乐器的名词前. He likes play the piano. 他喜欢弹钢琴8. 用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛前或由普通名词构成的专有名词前. The Great Wall The Yellow River The WHO The Pacific Ocean The West Lake The Peoples Republic of China 9. 固定搭配 in the distance; in the end; at the same time; on the other hand; on the whole特殊：10.用在某些形容词前表示一类人. The rich should h
9、elp the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。11. 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示某家人. 例如：the Blacks(布莱克一家) The Smiths have a wonderful sense of humor.史密斯一家人很幽默.12. 用在身体的部位前。“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位中要用the，而不用人称代词， He hit me on the head. 他打了我的头。 catch sb. by the arm(抓住胳膊)take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂； pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀13. 用在单位名词前. 例如
10、：measure by the metre (用米来衡量) The workers are paid by the day.工人是按天结工资的。 I have hired a car by the hour. 我租了一个车，是按小时收费的。二 零冠词 the 1.不可数名词，复数名词前表泛指 Horses are useful animals. Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.水加热变成蒸汽,遇冷那么变成冰。 2. 表示节日、月份、星期、学科、运开工程以及三餐饭的名称的名词前通常不用冠词。 例如: Christm
11、as (Day)is coming. We will hold a meeting on Friday. Maths is as interesting as physics. Lets go and play football, shall we? Lets go and watch them play chess. We went out for a walk after supper. 3. 球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。 play football; play chess 4. 称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。 Doctor, I am not feelin
12、g well. Bush Jr. was elected president of the United States. 5. 中国乐器前不加冠词。 play erhu; play piba 6. 在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。 by car; by train 四易错点梳理一 a,an 区别 根本区别 1. a用在辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前 2. 判断一个词是元音还是辅音开头是根据其读音的而不是字母 如一般情况： a boy a desk an apple, an excellent student an interesting book an office
13、 an umbrella, 特殊： 1) _ European village _university, _useful book, _ uniform _usual thing 2) _ hour _ honest boy, _one-year dog二序数词前加定冠词与不定冠词的区别 the+序数词，表示“第几， a+序数词表示 “又一， 再一 eg:The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one. 蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。三、a number of , the number of 的区别 A number of 意思是“许多，相
14、当于many； The number of 意思是“.的数量，.的数目，作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式。 eg: A number of students_ (like) playing computer games. The number of students_ (be )about 1,500 in our school. (四） 、a singer and dancer 两个名词共用一个冠词，表示同一人或物； a singer and a dancer两个名词前各有冠词时，那么表示两个人或物。 eg: The teacher and writer_ come. 那位教师兼作家已经来了。
15、The teacher and the writer_ come. 那位教师和那位作家已经来了。五in front of 表示“在前面，相当于before, in the front of 那么表示“在某物内部的前部。例：The driver saw a boy standing in front of the bus. 司机看见一个男孩站在公共汽车的前面。The drive sat in the front of the bus. 司机坐在公共汽车的前部。六、当名词被其它词修饰时，不定冠词a,an的位置应注意。(重点1不定冠词与so, as, too, how 等连用时的位置soas 结构：
16、 too +形容词 + a(an) +名词How例：Ive never seen so tall a tree. 我从没见过这么市制树。= Ive never seen such a tall tree.Its too difficult a book for beginners. 这本书对初学者来说太难了。He is as clever a boy as Tom. 他是像汤姆一样聪明的孩子。How beautiful a bird it is! 这是一只多漂亮的鸟啊！2当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, 或very ,时，不定冠词位于quite, rather之后，very 之
17、前。结构： quite a +单数可数名词 rather a+单数可数名词 a very +单数可数名词例： He is quite an honest man. 他是个非常老实的人。 He is rather a gentleman. 他真是一位绅士。 It is a very good book. 这是一本很好的书。3不定冠词与such , half , what , many , 等连用时的位置。such a +单数可数名词结构： half a +单数可数名词what a+单数可数名词many a+单数可数名词(谓语动词用三单)（六） 名词前有无冠词有很大区别的用法比照：了解1. 区分：
18、go to school 和go to the school 某些个体名词，如：school, church, hospital, bed, prison, table 等， 表示抽象意义或相关的活动时，不加冠词；而如果表示具体地点，那么要加定冠词。 例：The children go to school at seven every morning. 孩子们每天早晨7 点钟上学。 Father went to the school to see Mr. Chen. 父亲去学校看望陈老师。 同理： go to school 去上学 go to the school 因事去学校 go to ch
19、urch去做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂里 go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去医院 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 因事在医院 in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里面 at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁边 at desk 在读书 at the desk 在课桌旁 by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边 in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上 in prison 坐牢 in the prison 因事在监狱 go to bed 上床睡觉
20、 go to the bed 在床上2. sb. be in charge of sth. 某人负责某事物 sth. be in the charge of sb. 某事物由某人掌管3 .take place 发生 take the place 代替例：The accident took place last night. 这场事故是昨天夜里发生的。 John is too ill to come, so Im taking his place. 约翰生病了，来不了，所以我将代替他。4.out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 完全不可能例： It is
21、 out of question that he will win the match. 他一定会赢得这场比赛的。 A holiday for me this year is out of the question. 我今天休假是不可能的了。5. next week (month) 下周下个月以现在看将来the next week (month) 第二周下个月 在过去某一时间之后例：He will return next week. 他下周返回。 He returned on May 10th and flew to Beijing the next week. 他五月十号返回的，第二周又飞住
22、北京去了。6. on earth 究竟，到底用于加强语气on the earth 在地球上 例：What on earth do you want? 你究竟要什么？ There are all kinds of living things on the earth. 地球上有各种各们的生物。各地中考英语真题分类汇编冠词1、 This is _ story-book. It was written by Yang Hongying. A. the B. a C. an 【答案】B考查冠词用法a用在以辅音指辅音音素开头的词前，an用在以元音指元音音素的词前。the表示特指。此题意思是，这是一本故事
23、书。它是有杨洪基写的。story是以辅音音素开头，应选B。2、 Whos that girl? You mean _ one with long blond hair? Thats Jacks daughter.【答案】C 考查冠词的用法。the表示特指，指代“留着长发的那个女孩。3、. Victor can play _ piano. He can join the music club.A. a B. an C. the【答案】C考查冠词用法。a用在以辅音指辅音音素开头的词前，an用在以元音指元音音素的词前。the表示特指或者一些固定用法，比方用在乐器的前面，必须用定冠词the. 根据句意
24、：维克托会弹钢琴，他可以参加音乐俱乐部。 应选C.4、. There is no living thing on _moon. A. the B. a C. 不填 【答案】A 【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。世界上独一无二的事物前需要加定冠词the, 如the sun , the earth等。此处句意为：月球上没有生命。应选A。5. Bill likes playing_basketball, but he doesnt like playing_piano.A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /【答案】B6. _ Greens are preparing for th
25、e coming Thanksgiving Day. A. / B. A C. An D. The【答案】D7. -What _bad weather it is today!-Yes, _ weather makes me so sad.A. a; a B. /; the C. an; the D. the; a 【答案】B 8. _ girl who will perform at the party tomorrow comes from _ European country.A. The； a B. A； the C. The； an【答案】A9. People cant live w
26、ithout _ water. -Yes, I think so. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 【答案】D【2017湖北咸宁】21.What do you want to be in the future, John? I want to be _ fashion designer. It is _ amazing job.A. a ; the B. an; a C. a; an D. an; the 【答案】C 10. There is _ old bridge near my house.A. a B. an C. the【答案】B 11. This summer, I
27、m going to visit_ Great wall.A. a B. an C. the D. /【答案】C12. In order to find _ better job, she planned to learn _ second foreign language. A. the；a B. a；a C. the；the D. a；the 【答案】B 13. “Will the charity show be_ success? I kept asking myself.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 【答案】A 14. Helen has _ lovely pet d
28、og._ dog is clever enough to bring her newspapers every evening.A. a ; A B. the ; The C. a ; The D. the ；A【答案】C15.My mother is _ English teacher in a university in Beijing.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】B16. We will see _ even strong China in _ near future.A. a; the B. an; the C. the; a D. an; a 【答案】B17. _gi
29、rl riding a bike is _university student.A. A, an B. The, an C. A, the D. The, a【解析】D. 冠词。表示“特指，填定冠词the；以辅音音素开头的词前用不定冠词a，应选D答案。18. Would you like _red dress as a birthday present, Mary? Sorry, mom. I prefer _orange one. A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an【答案】D19. _15th International Film Festival wil
30、l be held in Shanghai.A.The B. An C. AD.【答案】 A【解析】考查冠词的用法。定冠词the用在序数词前。句意：第十五届国际电影节将在上海被举办。 20、Peer is _ honest boy and _ good friend of mine. A. a; the. B. the; an C. a; an D. an; aD 21. This is _ interesting movie and its also_ most interesting one Ive ever seen. A. an; a B. an; the C. a; the【答案】B
31、22. Hurry up! If we miss _ last bus, well have to get home by _taxi.A. a; 不填 B. the ; a C. the;不填 D. a; a 【答案】C 23. Whos that girl?You mean _ one with long blond hair? Thats Jacks daughter.【答案】C24. A new road was built between our village and the town. _ road is wide and clean. A. 不填 B. The C. A【答案】
32、B25. London will hold _30th Olympic Games in July, 2017.A. a B. an C. the D. /【答案】C链接高考：1.2014陕西卷 _ village where I was born has grown into _ town.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a【答案】A 此题第一空后面的名词vellage的后面有定语从句where I was born修饰，说明该词表示特指，使用定冠词the表示特指。第二空后的名词town是一个可数名词，使用a修饰，表示泛指。句义：我出生的那个小山村
33、已经成为了一个小镇。根据句义说明A正确。2.2014重庆卷 I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have_ Wilson here in the village.A.the； a B.a; / C. a; the D.the ; /【答案】A 此题第一空后名词way有介词短语to the Wilsons 修饰，说明特指Wilson家的路。所以使用定冠词the表示特指。而第二空后的名词Wilson是一个人名，通常都是单独使用，但是此题中使用a修饰，泛指一个名叫Wilson的人。句意：我无法告诉你去Wilson家的路，因为在这个
34、村子里没有一个名叫Wilson的人。故A正确。3. 【2017陕MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedon_PacificOceanonhiswaytoJavain_thirteenthcentury.A.the;a B.a;/ C./;the D.the;the【答案】D 第一空指独一无二的事物用the；第二空为固定短语，表示在多少世纪“inthethcentury， 需加定冠词。故答案为D。4.【2017江西卷】TheSmithsdonusuallystayat_hotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelby_sea. A/;a Bthe;the C/;the Dthe;a【答案】C hotel为复数，前不会用定冠词the来修饰；江，河，湖，海前要加定冠词5.【2017全国II】.He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump. A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /【答案】C 此句的第一空特指“跳高中的金牌，故用定冠词the；第二空为：再得到一次时机，泛指 “一次时机。句意：他在跳高中失去了金牌，但他在跳远中将得到一次时机。