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1、优质文本2005年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题 答案及题解第1局部：词汇选项 (第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线局部意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1 These are their Motives for doing it A. reasons B excuses C answers D plans2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA. twists B. stretchesC. br
2、oadens D. bends3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs A. abuse B. flavor C. temptation D. consumption4 These programmes are of immense value to old people A natural B fatal C tiny D enormous5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situation A.maintain B.improve C.assess D protect6 John is collabo
3、rating with Mary in writing an article A cooperating B competing C combining D arguing7 He is determined to conso1idate his power A strengthen B control C abandon D exercise8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problems A solving B exploringC settling D handling9 Hearing problems may be
4、alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits A removed B cured C worsened D relieved10 Allthe cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA functions B faultsC motions D parts11 The food is insufficient for three peopleA instant B infiniteC inexpensive D inadequate12 Thousands of peop
5、le perished in the stormA died B sufferedC floated D scattered13 But in the end he approved of our proposal A undoubtedly B certainly C ultimately D necessarily14 For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business A strange B complex C personal D funny15 In Britain and many other countries
6、 appraisal is now a tool of management A evaluation B pruduction C efficiency D publicity第2局部：阅读判断 (第1 622题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个甸子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated Do people still imagine a physicist
7、as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics boffin(科学家)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in LondonThe people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-
8、up of possible suspects98 percent of those asked got it wrongThe majority of people picked a white male of around 60，wearing glasses and with a white beard While this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago，the reality is now very different Since 1960 the number o
9、f young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31 The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations(等式)or wo
10、rking with fizzing(嘶嘶响)test tubesThese stereotypes are really damaging to societyVery good school children are put off studying science because they dont see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing scienceThey simply dont relate to the medias image of the mad scientist This is one
11、 reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at universityIf we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects，we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractiveBut we must also develop childrens interest in science In an attempt to cha
12、nge this negative image，an increasing number of science festivals are being organizedThousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in the internationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science OlympiadsWinning national teams then get the
13、 opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different county every yearThese events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in scienceIt seems that there is a long
14、way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design16 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18
15、The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 More children will study science if it becomes more attractive A Right B W
16、rong C Not mentioned21 The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3局部：概括大意与完成句子 (第2卜30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择
17、1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect?1 A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997，research into cloning has grown rapidly
18、In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technologyA mouse has also been cloned successfully， But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a h
19、uman being within the next two years，he told the world2 SeedS announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negativeIn Europe， nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloni
20、ng and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning，They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important researchIn March，The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on
21、cloning humans seriously mistakenMany researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2017 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombard
22、ed(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoonsSuchinformation is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pre
23、tty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look likeBut how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners askPretty cool, answer the pr-cloners(赞成克隆的人) 第4局部：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最正确答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 Mor
24、e Than a Ride to School The National Education Association claims“The school bus is a mirror of the communityThey further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen communityThey are right-sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Ri
25、ding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl Bruce Hardyschool bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesls bus driver since kindergartenLast year when Liesls family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence。she requested to ride the same bus This year
26、 Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the busShe says，Its been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listenerSometimes when youre a child adults do not think that what you have to say is importantMr.Hardy always listens to what yo
27、u have to say and makes you feel importantHer friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardys
28、outstanding record：“You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving recordHe was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free milesHardys reputation is made further evident through the
29、relationships he has made withthe students that ride his bus Althouse further adds，Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever sinceMy grandfather started the business with one busAlthouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to br
30、ing distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyedThanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through g
31、enerations，Liesls mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School District31 The word“mirrorin the first line could be best replaced by A vehicle B device C “need D “reflection32 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company A for 30 years B for 70 y
32、ears C since last year D since 200033 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy? A He is popular with his passengers B He has never missed a day of work C He is an impatient person D He has driven 350.000 accident free miles34 Althouse Bus Company was founded byA Larry AlthouseB A
33、lthouses grandfatherC Liesls motherD Ashley Batista35 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to A employing young drivers B running quality schools C providing free driving lessons D building sound relationships第二篇 A Phone That Knows Youre Busy Its a modern problem：youre too busy to be disturbed b
34、y incessant(连续不断的)phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you dont remember to turn it back on when youre less busyyou could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldnt have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when y
35、ou are not too busy A bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if its a good time to interrupt youIf built into a phone，the system may decide youre too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later James F
36、ogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activityFirst they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interrupted The potenti
37、al“busynesssignals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four s
38、ubjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from“highly interruptibleto“highly notinterruptible . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . “It is a shotgun(随意的)approach：we used all the indicators we could think o
39、f and then let statistics find out which were important， says Hudson The model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be Interestingly，the computer was actually better
40、 than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per centFogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers dont care
41、The first application for Hudson and Fogartys system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones“There is no technological roadblock(障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years， says Hudson36 A big problem facing people today is thatA they must tolerate
42、phone disturbances or miss important callsB they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quietC they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphoneD they are too busy to make phone calls37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phoneA could help store messagesB could send mess
43、ages instantlyC could tell when it is wise to interrupt youD could identify important phone calls38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out A why office doors were often 1eft open B when it was a good time to turn off the computer C what questions office workers were bothered with
44、D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy39 During the experiment，the subjects were asked A to control the sensors and the camera B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted C to compare their behaviors with others D to analyze all the indicators of interruption40 The compu
45、ter performed better than people in the study because A the computer worked harder B the computer was not busy C people tended to be biased D people were not good at statistics第三篇 The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon What comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with bl
46、ue water，birds，and fishFor the people in the northwestern Cameroon，however, the image is very different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing thirtyseven peopleTwo years later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are no