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1、中考英语语法总复习：五大类基本句型句子成分构成了英语中各式各样的句子，在这些句子中最基本的句型有五种。其他句型都是由这五种基本句型转换来的。一、S+V这种句式中的动词大多为不及物动词。1）不及物动词在英语中大多数动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，纯不及物动词为数很少。常见的有apologize，appear，arrive，come，craw，disappear，dive，exist，fall，flow，happen，rise等。例句：The course of life is like the sea;men come and go tides rise an
2、d fall and that is all of history.人的一生如同大海：人来人往，潮涨潮落，构成了全部历史。例句：Don't part with your illusion.When they are gone you may still exist, but you have ceased to live.不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后，你还可以生存，但是你虽生犹死。例句：She apologized to me again for having lost my dictionary.她为丢失我的词典再次向我表示歉意。例句：Alber
3、t Einstein's name never dies.阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的名字永远不会消失。2）及物动词转化来的不及物动词有时主要起及物作用的动词也可用作不及物动词。常见的此类动词有wash，sell，lock，wear，write，read等。例句：This new pen writes very smooth.这支新钢笔写起来很流畅。例句：My recent book sells very well.我新出的书销路很好。例句：The door won't lock and we must have it repaired
4、.门锁坏了，我们必须修理一下。3）有时主要起不及物作用的动词也可用作及物动词例句：They walked me into the hotel.他们陪我走到旅馆。例句：They are swimming the channel.他们正在横渡海峡。例句：Jason had worked his way up to head of department.杰森通过努力工作升至部门负责人。4）有些不及物动词可跟同源宾语例句：They are leading a happy and peaceful life now.他们现在过着幸福安宁的生活。
5、例句：The soldier died a heroic death.那个士兵光荣地牺牲了。二、S+V+O英语中绝大多数及物动词都是只带一个宾语的动词。只跟一个宾语的动词叫单宾语及物动词。常见的有accept，admire，admit，affect，afford，announce，borrow，bury，celebrate，cover，defeat，defend，destroy，devote，discover，educate，enjoy，equip，explain，forget，guess，invent，love，post，raise，supply，use等。1）一些常用作
6、不及物动词的词有时也可作单宾语及物动词，但词义往往有差别例句：Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们那个地方的农民大量种植蔬菜。例句：The editor decided at the last minute not to run the story.在最后一刻编辑决定不登这则报道。2）有时宾语后必须加上一个与宾语有关的状语，否则句子就不完整例句：You can put the dishes in the kitchen.你可以把碟子放到厨房里。例句：Sharon laid her hand
7、 on my arm.莎伦把手放在我胳膊上。例句：You place me in a difficult position.你使我陷入困境。三、S+V+P这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。常见的连系动词可分为如下两类：1）表示状态的连系动词表示状态的连系动词常见的有be，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，sit，stand，lie，keep，remain，continue，stay等。例句：The weather continued windy and rainy.天气仍持续刮风下雨。例句：Several players
8、0;lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。例句：Our mightiest feelings are always those which remain most unspoken.最强烈的感情往往是最深藏不漏的。2）表示转变或结果的连系动词此类连系动词常见的有become，get，grow，turn，go，come，fall，prove等。例句：The weather is becoming warmer.天气正在变暖。（强调变化的持续性）例句：They have just got married.他们刚结婚。（强调变化的结
9、果）例句：The milk went sour.这些牛奶酸了。（强调不以人的意志为转移的变化）例句：Children grow wiser as they grow.成长中的孩子们会变得聪明。（表示人或自然的逐步变化）例句：The leaves turned red,orange and yellow in the autumn.树叶在秋季变成了红、橙、黄几种颜色。（强调不以人的意志为转移的变化）例句：All his dreams have come true.他所有的梦都变成了现实。（强调情况的改善）例句：They are not used to th
10、e weather here.They fall ill very easily.他们不习惯这里的天气，很容易生病。（强调情况的改变）四、S+V+Oi +Od这是带双宾语的句式结构，Oi为间接宾语， Od是直接宾语。直接宾语指的是给予的对象，间接宾语指的是接受的对象和行为施予的对象。根据动词所跟宾语的情况分为以下几种情况：1）可改为“to型”的句式例句：Our hotel serves you breakfast in your room.我们旅馆提供早餐并送到您的房间。（=Our hotel serves breakfast to you i
11、n your room.）例句：She promised me a nice gift on Christmas Day.她答应圣诞节送我一份精美的礼物。（=She promised a nice gift to me on Christmas Day.）例句：Will you please pass me the book on the desk ?把桌子上的书递给我好吗？（=Will you please pass the book to me on the desk ?）此类动词常见的有：Bring拿来Extend给予Give给Hand递
12、Offer给予Pass传递Pay付钱Post寄Promise答应Read读Return归还Sell卖Send送Serve提供Show给.看Spare节省Teach教Phone打电话Tell告诉2）可改为“for型”的句式例句：I will find you a good chance as long as you won't lose heart.只要你不失去信心，我会给你找个好机会的。（=I will find a good chance for you as long as you won't lose heart.）例句：My pa
13、rents bought me a nice Christmas present.父母为我买了一份精美的圣诞礼物。（=My parents bought a nice Christmas present for me.）Build建筑Buy买Choose选择Draw画Find找Get得到Make制造Order点菜Paint漆Save救3）既可改为“to型”又可改为“for型”的动词此类动词常见的有fetch，sing等。例句：Fetch me some wine.给我拿些酒来。（=Fetch some wine to/for me.）
14、例句：Will you sing us a song ?你能为我们唱首歌吗？（=Will you sing a song to/for us ?）动词do，要根据具体意义转换为“to型”或“for型”。例句：Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.过度暴露于阳光下对皮肤有害。例句：Will you do a favor for me,please ?请您帮个忙，好吗？五、S+V+O+C“主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语”是英语句子
15、中较为常见的句式。可作宾语补足语的词或短语有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式等。1）名词作宾语补足语例句：I find him a reliable man.我发现他是可信赖的人。例句：He calls himself a Christian,but I have never seen him go to church.他称自己是基督徒，但我从未见他去过教堂。2）形容词作宾语补足语例句：Keep conscience clear,then never fear.问心无愧，永不畏惧。例句：They painted the d
16、oor red.他们把门漆成了红色。例句：We all imagine him foolish.我们都认为他傻。3）副词作宾语补足语例句：All the visitors arrived at the gallery and the guide showed them all in.所有的来访者都到了美术馆，导游把他们带了进取。例句：Shall I ask the interviewer in?我可以叫面试官进来吗？例句：Help him upstairs before you leave.在你走之前，把他扶上楼。4）介词短语作宾语补足语例句：
17、When I woke up,I found myself in a strange place.我醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。例句：I noticed the letter in a drawer.我发现信在抽屉里。有时介词短语作宾语补足语和介词短语作状语、作定语容易产生歧义。例句：I found Jack in the garden.翻译1：我发现杰克在花园里。（我不在花园，杰克在花园，in the garden作宾语补足语。）翻译2：我在花园里发现了杰克。（杰克不在花园，我在花园，in the garden作状语。）翻译3：我在花园里碰到了杰克。（杰克和
18、我都在花园里，in the garden作状语。）5）不定式作宾语补足语带to的不定式作宾语补足语例句：We have invited all our friends to come.我们已经邀请所有的朋友都来。例句：Will you ask Marry to help us?你能否让玛丽帮我们一把？例句：I would prefer you to give me a ring as soon as you arrive there.我想让你一到那儿就给我打个电话。“（to be）+n./a.”结构作宾语补足语是不定式结构作宾语补足语的特殊情况，说明宾语的性质、状
19、态和形状。例句：I suppose him (to be) an honest person.我认为他是个诚实的人。例句：We found him (to be) handsome.我发现他很英俊。例句：We found him (to be) a suitable man for this work.我们发现他是干这活的合适人选。不带符号to的不定式作宾语补足语例句：Will you have Mary call me back ?你能让玛丽给我回电话吗？例句：She noticed a car crash into a big tree n
20、earby.她看到一辆小汽车撞到了附近的大树上。变为被动句式时加to。例句：A car was noticed to crash into a big tree nearby.有人看见一辆汽车撞到了附近的一颗大树上。6）动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语例句：I can hear someone playing the violin next door.我听见有人在隔壁拉小提琴。例句：I saw Little Tom being punished by his parents.我看见小汤姆正在被他父母惩罚。7）动词-ed形式作宾语补足语例句：I will have a
21、ll my clothes washed this afternoon.今天下午我将把所有衣服都洗完。例句：Nobody noticed the office broken into.没人发现有人闯入办公室。过去分词在want，wish，order，would like to，would prefer to等词后作宾语补足语时，可加上to be，意思不变。例句：I would like your homework (to be) finished by tomorrow.我希望你的作业能在明天做完。8）as/for+名词/代词作宾语补足语例句：We all think of this poem as a description of the natural beauty.我们都认为这首诗是对自然美的描写。例句：You can keep this book for yourself.你可以把这本书留下自己用。