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1、高考英语语法总复习：情态动词的常见用法总结一、情态动词的用法情态动词主要用于表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点，主要包括能力、可能、命令、要求、许诺、威胁等。情态动词不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。其中will，would，shall，should的用法已在“英语语法专题89”有详细讲解。（一）can的用法1）表示能力此时表示一般的能力或即将能做某事。例句：Can
2、you speak Spanish ?你会讲西班牙语吗？例句：The beautiful thing about learning is that nobody cantake it away from you.例句：If you have faith that you can,then you will find a way.And the whole world can'tstop you.如果你确信你能，你就会找到办法。全世界都无法阻止你。2）表示“可以做”此时表示客观条件允许做某事。例句：No man can lose what he n
3、ever had.没有人会失去他从未拥有过的东西。例句：Man is not made for defeat.Man canbe destroyed but not defeated.人不是为失败而生的。人可以被毁灭，但是不可以被打败。3）表示“有时会”此时表示不经常发生、偶尔发生的情况。例句：It can be quite cold here at night.这里的夜晚有时可能很冷。例句：Gerard can be very annoying.吉拉德有时候会很烦人。4）表示“可能”此时表示推测，往往用于否定句或疑问句。例句：That can'
4、t be Mary-she's in hospital.那不可能是玛丽-她在住院。例句：Anything that makes you forget what time it is can become the key to your life make-over.任何使你忘记时间的事都可能成为你生活转折的关键。5）表示“允许”表示“允许（做某事）”，与may的意思差不多，在日常口语中常用can。例句：You can phone me after six this afternoon.今天下午六点后你可以给我打电话。例句：You can't pla
5、y football here.你不可以在这里踢足球。6）表示“惊讶”在表示“惊讶”时，常用于疑问句、否定句。例句：What can it possible be ?这究竟是什么？例句：How can that be true ? I can't believe my eyes and ears.那怎么可能是真的？我真不敢相信我的眼睛和耳朵。7）can的习惯用法例句：We can but wait until Jane comes.我们只好等到简来。例句：I can't help but often think of my parents
6、.我禁不住经常想到我的父母。（二）could的用法1）表示过去的“能力”例句：When I was young,I could climb any tree in the forest.小时候森林里的树我都能爬上去。例句：I could speak Japanese when I was four,but now I can't.我四岁时的时候会说日语，但现在不会了。2）表示可能性既可以表示过去的可能性，也可以表示现在的可能性，比can的可能性要弱。例句：You could be right,I suppose.我想你可能是对的。例句：He said th
7、e news could be true.他说消息可能是真的。（表示过去的可能性）例句：Someone is knocking at the door. Who could it be ?有人在敲门，会是谁呢？（表示现在的可能性）3）有礼貌的请求或建议Could用来表示现在，用以婉转地提出请求、想法或建议。例句：Could you pay this check into the bank for me tomorrow ?明天你能替我把支票存入银行吗？例句：I could do it right now if you like.如果你愿意，我现在就可以做。4）表示
8、“惊异”、“不相信”此时常用于否定句、疑问句，表示现在，与can相当。例句：Could this be true ?这可能是真的吗？例句：How could you say such an insulting thing to her !你怎么能对她说那种侮辱性的话呢！5）表示虚拟语气例句：I wish I could fly.如果我能飞多好呀！例句：If I were you,I could remember his name.如果我是你，我就能记住他的名字。（三）may的用法1）征求对方意见例句：I'd like to open a window,if
9、 I may.如果可以的话，我想打开一扇窗子。例句：May I leave this with you ?我可以把这个东西放在你那里吗？2）表示同意用于陈述句，表示同意别人做。例句：Firearms maybe used in an emergency.在紧急情况下可以使用灭火器。例句：You may not take photos in the museum.博物馆内不准拍照。3）表示可能性May表示的可能性比can小。例句：Watch out when strangers are nice to you.They may want something
10、 for themselves.陌生人向你示好时，要多加小心。他们可能另有所图。例句：That which was bitter to endure maybe sweet to remember.昔日艰辛回味甜。4）表示祝愿May表示祝愿时，常放于句首。例句：Life is my college. May I graduate well,and earn some honors.人生是一所学校。但愿我能以优异的成绩毕业，并能赢得几项殊荣。例句：May both the bride and groom have long and happy lives.祝新郎新娘幸福长寿。
11、5）用于目的状语从句例句：Open the window so that the fresh air may come through.打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。例句：He gave up his life so that we may all live in a free and fair world.为了使我们所有人都能够生活在一个自由、公平的世界上，他献出了自己的生命。（四）might的用法1）表示许可此时指过去的许可。例句：He asked if he might go home.他问他是否能回家。例句：He was wondering if he
12、;might use the dictionary.他想知道能否用一下词典。可指过去的可能性，也可指现在的可能性，指现在的可能性时比may小。例句：Thinking it might rain,I decided to go in the car.我当时以为会下雨，所以决定开车去。例句：We tend not to choose the unknown,which might be a shock or a disappointment or simply a little difficult to cope with.And yet it is the unknown w
13、ith all its disappointments and surprise that is the most enriching.我们往往不选择未知的，因为那可能时令我们震惊，或是失望，或是仅仅有点难于应付。但无论是怎样的令人失望或令人吃惊，只有未知的内容最丰富。注意！may/might与can/couldCan表示一般性的或“理论上的”可能性，而不是要发生或正在发生的可能性；may表示实际发生的可能性。Could和might具有相同的意思，只是might的可能性比could小。例句：I can take a bus to go to school,but I may walk
14、 tomorrow.我可以坐公共汽车去上学，但明天我可能走着去。例句：John could/may/might come this evening.约翰今晚可能会来。may not与cannot/can't的区别May not指“可能不”，而cannot指“不可能”。例句：You maybe right or may not be right.你可能对也可能不对。例句：We may give advice,but we cannot give conduct.别人可以给你忠告，但不能给你品行。（五）must的用法1）表示“必须”Must表示“必须”、“一定
15、要”，多指现在或将来的情况。指说话人的主观语气。其否定形式表示“一定不要”。例句：We must accept finite disappointment,but we must never lose infinite hope.我们必须接受有限的失望，但是千万不可失去无限的希望。例句：Important principles may and must be flexible.重要的原则能够也必须是灵活的。例句：Cars mustn't park in front of entrance.汽车一定不要停在入口处。2）表示“应当做”此时与should，oug
16、ht to的意思差不多。例句：You must go and see the new Spielberg movie-the special effects are amazing.你应该看看斯皮尔伯格的那部新电影-特技效果令人惊叹。例句：You must take the cost into consideration.你应该把成本考虑在内。3）表示“推测”此时常译为“一定是”、“准是”，常指有根据地比较或有把握地推测。这种用法只能用于肯定句。例句：Buying roses ? It must be love.买玫瑰花？那一定是恋爱了。例句：She is wea
17、ring a long face.She must be angry.她脸拉得很长，准是生气了。4）表示“偏要，偏偏”在疑问句中，must可以用来询问对方的愿望。例句：Why must it rain on Sunday ?偏要在星期天下雨，讨厌！例句：Must you waste so much time ?你为什么偏偏浪费这么多时间？例句：Just as I was sitting down to supper,the telephone must ring.正当我坐下来用晚餐时，偏偏电话铃响了。5）表示强调此时常用于口语中，表示说话者坚定的态度。例句：I&#
18、160;must say,you're looking extremely well.我认为你的气色看起来非常好。例句：I must admit,I was looking forward to it.我得承认我当时一直盼望着。（六）ought to的用法1）表示应该表示说话者认为“应该做”。例句： Everything ought to be beautiful in a human being;face,dress,soul and ideas.人的一切：面貌、衣着、心灵和思想，都应是美的。例句：You ought not to let out the
19、 secret.你不该泄露这个秘密。例句：Ought I to return all the books tomorrow ?我明天得把所有的书都还上吗？2）表示推测表示说话者根据一定的依据进行推测，常译为“按道理说应该”。例句：They ought to win,they've trained hard enough.他们应该能赢，他们训练够刻苦的。例句：Jeffrey ought to be there by now.按道理说杰弗里现在应该到那里了。（七）need的用法1）在表示否定的句子中，表示“不必”例句：We needn
20、9;t hurry,for there's plenty of time.我们不必着急，因为时间很充裕。例句：I don't believe you need worry.我认为你没必要担心。2）在表疑问的句子中，表示“需要”例句：-Need I come tomorrow ? 我明天需要来吗？-No,you needn't./Yes,you must.不，没必要。/是的，你必须来。例句：Need Monica do the work at once ?莫妮卡需要立即做这项工作吗？例句：I wonder if I need bring a camera wit
21、h me.我不知道是否需要带一个相机。注意！Need用作及物动词，表示“需要”，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。例句：To do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom.为了保住这最后的、最伟大的自由堡垒，我们必须尽我们所能。例句：Love understands love,it needs no talk.爱理解爱，不需开口。例句：The windows need cleaning/to be cleaned.窗户该擦了。（八）dare的用法
22、Dare用作情态动词表示“敢”，没有人称形式的变化，但有过去式dared，主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句。1）用于否定句，表示“不敢”例句：I daren't go out alone at night.我自己一个人晚上不敢出去。例句：Never write what you dare not sign.不要写不敢署名的文章。例句：I never dare do a parachute jump.我从不敢跳伞。2）用于疑问句及条件句，表示“敢”例句：I wonder whether she dared come home.不知她是否敢回家。例句：
23、How dare you speak to me like that ?你怎么敢那样对我说话呢？例句：Dare you let out the news to the public ?你敢把这个消息泄漏给公众吗？例句：If you dare speak to me like that again,you will be sorry.如果你再敢那样对我说话，你就会后悔。注意！Dare作及物动词，表示“敢”，其后跟不定式。在否定句和疑问句中，不定式符号to可以省略。例句：Young people should dare to think,dare to say and
24、 dare to do.年轻人应该敢想、敢说、敢做。例句：I do not dare (to) complain.(=I dare not complain.)我不敢抱怨。I dare say也可写成I daresay，意为“我认为”。例句：I dare say things will improve.我想事情会好起来的。例句：You are tired,I dare say.我想你累了吧。（九）used to用法Used的发音为ju:st，表示“过去常常，过去是”，没有人称和数的变化。可以与过去的时间状语连用。其否定形式为usedn'tju:snt to
25、或didn't use ju:s to。其一般疑问句形式是讲used提到主语前或用Did.use ju:s to的结构形式。例句：Beth used to like rock-and roll when she was young.贝斯年轻时一直喜欢摇滚乐。例句：It used to be believed that sugar could decay the teeth.过去人们认为糖会腐蚀牙齿。例句：He is not what he used to be.他已不是昔日的他了。注意！Used to与would表示“过去总.”的用法区别：Would用于过
26、去时，带有主观性；used to强调过去习惯的行为或状态，但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此，这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。例句：She used to be such a happy lively girl.她过去是个活泼快乐的姑娘。例句：He would come to help when I was in trouble.我有麻烦时他总会来帮我。（十）had better的用法Had better后跟动词原形，表示“最好”。美式英语中用had best代替had better。例句：She'd better see a doctor if it gets any
27、worse.她如果病情加重，最好去看医生。例句：You'd better keep your mouth shut about this.关于这件事你最好闭上嘴。例句：What had we better do next ?下一步我们最好做什么？（十一）have to的用法Have to的意思是接近must，但must更强调说话者的主观意愿。Have to强调客观上的必要性，常译为“不得不”。英式英语中常用have got to替代have to。例句：Love does not just sit there,like a stone;it has to
28、be made,like bread,remade all the time,made new.爱不是一块蹲踞的石头；它必须像面包一样做出来，反复做，不断翻新花样。例句：The little boy has (got) to do lots of housework,for his parents have been suffering from illness.小男孩只好做很多家务活，因为他的父母一直都在生病。注意！表示过去“一定要”时常用had to。例句：I had to go to see the dentist.我得去看牙医。例句：She asked me if I
29、0;had to/must work extra hours.她问我是否得加班。Must表示“必须”时，其问句的肯定回答仍然用must，否定回答则用needn't或don't have to。例句：-Must I go with them ?我必须跟他们走吗？-Yes,you must.是的，必须。-No,you needn't/don't have to.不必。（十二）be able to的用法1）be able to后跟动词原形，表示具体的能力，与can的用法相近。例句：Only the person who has faith in himself
30、0;is able to be faithful to others.只有对自己有信心的人才会对别人守信用。例句：Be able to be alone.Lose not the advantage of solitude.要有独处的能力；不要放过孤寂的好处。例句：He wasn't able to/couldn't understand the true meaning of life.他当时不能理解生活的真正意义。2）was/were able to的用法Was/were able to表示过去成功地做成了某事，相当于managed to do sth./succ
31、eeded in doing sth.。例句：The maths problem was hard but I was able to work it out.这道数学题目虽难，但我把它做出来了。例句：The traffic was heavy,but I was able to get home on time.交通虽然拥挤，但我依然按时到家。3）be able to的其他形式例句：Will you be able to come tomorrow ?你明天能来吗？例句：He seemed able to speak two foreign languages.他似乎可以
32、说两种外语。例句：When we are unable to find tranquility within ourselves,it is useless to seek it elsewhere.如果我们在内心找不到宁静，到别处去找也是徒劳的。二、情态动词后的不同形式情态动词后跟动词原形、进行式、完成式可以表示不同的意义。（一）情态动词的进行式May/might/can/could/should/ought to/will/would/must+be doing构成了情态动词的进行式。情态动词的进行式表示对现在和将来正在进行的行为进行推测，意为“或许正在、应当正在、想必正在、准是
33、正在”。例句：He can't be telling the truth.他说的不可能是真话。例句：She might be still thinking of you.她可能一直在想你。例句：Molly ought to be having a good time at the party.现在莫莉在晚会上准玩得很愉快。（二）情态动词的完成式情态动词的完成式是由情态动词+have done构成的。1）表示对过去发生的事情的推测（想必已经、按道理已经、可能做过）常用来表达这种意义的情态动词有：could，may，might，ought to，should，
34、must等。Can主要用于否定句和疑问句。例句：He must have attended the party last night.他昨天晚上准参加晚会了。例句：She might have had an accident.她可能出事故了。2）表示对完成时的推测常用来表达这种意义的情态动词主要有could，may，might，ought to，should，must等。Can主要用于否定句和疑问句。例句：Jack must have read the book before.杰克肯定读过这本书。例句：They ought to have arrived home
35、 by now.他们现在肯定已经到家了。例句：She can't have known the secret so far.到目前为止她不可能已经知道这个秘密。3）表示对某事的责备和批评常用于这种用法的情态动词有might，could，ought to，should，need等。Might语气最弱，should语气最强。例句：You should have been more careful.你本应更小心些。例句：How could you have been so careless ?你当时怎么这么粗心？例句：Sophia ought to have come t
36、o school earlier.索菲亚本应早到学校的。例句：You needn't have told them again.I have told them already.你没必要再告诉他们了。我已经告诉他们了。注意！Must have done主要用于肯定句，表示对过去事情把握极大的推测，意为“必定已经”。否定句中用can't have done/couldn't have done代替，疑问句中用餐can/could.have done。Should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事，而实际上并未做”，其否定是在should/
37、ought后加not。有时含有责备的口气，表示“本该做而未做或本该不做而做了”。May/might have done表示“本可以做而未做”，突出做的可能性；could have done表示“本能够做而未做”，突出强调做某事本应有这个能力；needn't have done表示“本没有必要做而做了”。例句：Could Susan have done such bad work ?苏珊有可能做这么差的活儿吗？例句：I didn't hear the phone,I must have been asleep.我没听见电话。我准是睡着了。例句：I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning.She couldn't have spoken at the meeting.我今天早晨在会议室时没看见她。她不可能在会议上讲话。