山东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破八 非谓语动词.doc

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1、-1-20132013 年高考第二轮复习英语山东版年高考第二轮复习英语山东版八、非谓语动词八、非谓语动词真题试做真题试做1(2012 山东高考,26)George returned after the war,only _ that his wifehad left him.Ato be toldBtellingCbeing toldDtold2(2011 山东高考,27)Look over theretheres a very long,winding path _up to the house.AleadingBleadsCledDto lead3(2010 山东高考,23)I have

2、a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.AcompletingBto completeCcompletedDbeing completed4(2010 山东高考,29)The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already_ for a meal to be cooked.AlaidBlayingCto layDbeing laid考向分析考向分析1考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别,要求明确句子的结构和意义,掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。2考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别,要求

3、掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。3考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别,尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。4考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构,要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。热点例析热点例析考点一:谓语与非谓语形式的识别试题以复杂的结构和冗长的句式呈现,考查考生是否能瞻前顾后地分清句子成分、理解句子结构、明白句子意义,正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。【典例分析】(2012 浙江高考,8)I think Tom,as the head of a big depar

4、tment,should either study regularly or _ his job.AquitsBto quitCquittingDquit答案为 D 项。该句使用了 either.or.并列结构,either 后面是动词原形 study,or 后面也应该是动词原形 quit,故选择 D 项构成并列谓语。(2012 全国高考,10)Tony lent me the money,_ that Id do as much for him.AhopingBto hopeChopedDhaving hoped答案为 A 项。由于空前没有连词,应排除谓语形式的 C 项,如果用 hoped

5、则应在空前加and;根据空前的逗号可排除 B 项,因为动词不定式作目的状语时其前不加逗号;“希望”并不是发生在“托尼借给我钱”之前,故排除表示完成的 having hoped;由于 Tony 与 hope之间存在主动关系,故选择现在分词 hoping 作状语。考点二:非谓语形式作主语非谓语形式作主语时,形式主语 it 常用来代替不定式短语作主语。如:-2-It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.但在 It is no use/good doing sth.和 It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中,it

6、代替动名词短语作主语。如:Its no use arguing with them.【典例分析】(2012 浙江高考,3)No matter how bright a talker you are,there aretimes when its better _ silent.AremainBbe remainingChaving remainedDto remain答案为 D 项。when 在此处引导定语从句修饰 times,在 when 引导的从句中,it 是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式 to remain silent,表示“有时保持沉默更好”。考点三:非谓语形式作宾语1部分动词(短

7、语)后面只能接不定式作宾语。常见的有:agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/pretend/refuse/wish/would like(love)He agreed to lend me his bike.He refused to say sorry to me.2部分动词(短语)后面只能接动名词作宾语。常见的有:avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/finish/imagine/mind/miss/practise/

8、suggest/keep(on)/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be(get)used to/beworth/insist on/look forward to/prefer.to.等。He admitted taking my money.Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?3部分动词(短语)后接不定式和动名词时,含义不同,应注意区分。如:Ill remember to post your letter.我会记住把你的信寄上的。I dont remember saying this to him before

9、.我不记得以前对他说过这件事。如:I forgot to tell him to come.我忘记叫他来了。Ill never forget seeing him for the first time.我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景。如:I regret to say that I cant accept your kind offer.很抱歉,我不能接受你那善意的提议。I regret saying what was in my mind.我后悔说了心里话。如:You must try to improve your teaching method.你一定要试图改进你的教学方法。If no

10、one answers,try knocking at the back door.如果没人答应,试着敲敲后门。-3-如:I meant to send you a postcard,but I didnt have your address with me.我本想寄一张明信片给你,但是我身边没有你的地址。Starting too early means wasting your time.出发太早就是浪费时间。如:Lets stop to buy something to eat here.咱们在这里停停买些吃的吧。Lets stop working and have a rest.咱们停下

11、手里的活,歇一会儿。如:After reading the text,he went on to write the new words.读完课文之后,他接着写生词。He went on telling us the story after a short rest.稍微休息之后他接着给我们讲故事。如:I want to join the army.我想参军。The road needs rebuilding.这条路修需要重新修建。如:I cant help to carry the box because my arm hurts.我不能帮忙搬箱子,因为我胳膊疼。They couldnt h

12、elp laughing when they saw him.他们看到他,忍不住大笑起来。如:I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.我建议开一个会来讨论这件事情。He often advises people to use their brains.他常常劝人动动脑子。【典例分析】(2012 安徽高考,24)I remembered _ the door before I left theoffice,but forgot to turn off the lights.AlockingBto lockChaving lockedDt

13、o have locked答案为 B 项。remember to do sth.意为“记着要做某事”,remember doing sth.意为“记着做过某事”。“在离开办公室前就把门锁上”显然不合逻辑,所以应选不定式作宾语。句意:我在离开办公室以前,记着了要锁门,但是忘了要关灯。(2012 北京高考,23)One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.AcorrectsBcorrect-4-Cto correctDcorrecting答案为 D 项。在介词 by 后面,and 前后连接两个并列宾语,根据 making 可知此处选cor

14、recting。句意:一个人在犯错和纠错中学会一种语言。考点四:非谓语形式作定语1时间关系不同:不定式作定语通常表示一个未发生的动作;现在分词作定语通常表示一个正在进行的动作、经常性的动作或状态;过去分词作定语多表已完成的动作,或没有一定的时间性(只表示被动)。如:I have a lot of work to do.The tall girl standing there is a basketball player.This is a play written by Shakespeare.2逻辑关系不同:不定式所修饰的词可能是它的逻辑主语,也可能是它的逻辑宾语;现在分词作定语时,它所修饰

15、的词一定是它的逻辑主语;过去分词作定语所修饰的词一般是它的逻辑宾语。如:He is the first to get here.He is the man to depend on.He is the very person looking for you.A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.3不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,不要遗漏必要的介词。如:He found a good house to live in.【典例分析】(2012 浙江高考,11)“Its such

16、 a nice place,”Mother said as shesat at the table_ for customers.Ato be reservedBhaving reservedCreservingDreserved答案为 D 项。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语形式修饰 table,“桌子”是“被预订或保留”的,所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。考点五:非谓语形式作状语1不定式作状语:(1)表示目的,直接用不定式或 so as to/in order to。如:He worked day and night to get the money.(2)表示结果,更常见于 so.as t

17、o,such.as to,enough to,too.to 结构中,only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的结果。如:I visited him only to find him out.(3)表示原因,用在作表语的某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后面,说明产生某种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。如:They were very sad to hear the news.2现在分词作状语:现在分词作状语表示的必须是主语的一个动作,即分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。现在分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语和伴随状语。作原因状语时,通常放在句首;作结果状语时,通常放在句子后面,表示

18、自然而然的结果。如:Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.He fired his gun,killing the wolf.All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.3过去分词作状语:过去分词的动作与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语和伴随状语。如:Seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful.Given better attention,the cabbages could have

19、grown better.【典例分析】(2012 辽宁高考,29)This machine is very easy _.Anybody can learnto use it in a few minutes.AoperatingBto be operating-5-CoperatedDto operate答案为 D 项。句意:这台机器很容易操作。任何人几分钟就会学会使用。该题应选不定式作表语形容词的状语,说明在哪一方面存在这个形容词表示的情况或产生这种情绪的原因。(2012 北京高考,27)_ with care,one tin will last for six weeks.AUseBUs

20、ingCUsedDTo use答案为 C 项。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作状语,且与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故选 C 项。句意:如果用得仔细的话,一罐可以用六周。(2012 天津高考,11)He got up late and hurried to his office,_ the breakfastuntouched.AleftBto leaveCleavingDhaving left答案为 C 项。句意:他起床晚了,匆忙赶往办公室,早餐一动没动。现在分词短语在此处作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。(2012 四川高考,6)Tom took a taxi to the airpo

21、rt,only_his plane high up inthe sky.AfindingBto findCbeing foundDto have found答案为 B 项。only 后接不定式表示意想不到的结果,所以应选 B 项作结果状语。to havefound 表示动作发生在主句谓语 took 之前,时间上有误。句意:汤姆乘出租车去了飞机场,却发现飞机已经飞在高空了。考点六:非谓语形式作补语1advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish 等动词后面常用不

22、定式作补语。如:Tell the children not to play on the street.The police warned us not to go out at night.2make/let/have 等使役动词后面用不带 to 的不定式作补语,但在被动句中则使用带to 的不定式。如:They make the students do too much homework every day.The students are made to do too much homework every day.3感官动词后面可用不带 to 的不定式或分词作补语。从时间上看,不定式表示

23、发生或完成;现在分词强调正在进行;过去分词表示完成。从逻辑关系上看,不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系;过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如:I saw him cross the street.我看到他穿过了大街。I saw him crossing the street.我看到他正在穿过大街。I saw him surrounded by a group of students.我看到一群学生围着他。4介词 with 和 without 后面可接复合宾语。不定式作补语常表示将来;现在分词作补语常表示宾语与补语是主动关系或正在进行;过去分词作补语常表示宾语与补语是被动关系或已经完成。如

24、:I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.【典例分析】(2012 四川高考,8)I looked up and noticed a snake_its way upthe tree to catch its breakfast.Ato windBwindCwindingDwound答案为 C 项。句意:我抬起头来,注意到一条蛇为了捉到它的早餐,正盘旋着往树上爬。在感官动词 noticed 后面,宾语 a snake 和 wind 为主动关系,所以应选

25、现在分词形式作补语,表示主动、进行。(2012 辽宁高考,25)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park withtheir pet dog _ them.-6-Ato followBfollowingCfollowedDfollows答案为 B 项。句意:这对老年夫妇经常晚饭后去公园散步,后面跟着他们的宠物狗。此处是 with 的复合结构,可排除 D 项;由于宾语 dog 与 follow 之间为逻辑上的主动关系,可排除 C 项;不定式一般表示将来,可排除 A 项;答案为 B 项,现在分词形式作补语。考点七:非谓语动词

26、的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式1非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加 not。He pretended not to see me.I regret not following his advice.Not having tried his best,he failed in the exam.2不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时,不定式动作正在进行,不定式要用进行式。The boy pretended to be working hard.当不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生时,不定式要用完成式。I happened to have seen the film.当不定

27、式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动式。The patient asked to be operated on at once.3动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。We remembered having seen the film.He came to the party without being invited.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.4现在分词的完成式

28、和被动式。当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作之前发生时,现在分词要用完成式。Having done his homework,he played basketball.当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时,现在分词要用被动式。The problem being discussed is very important.Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake.【典例分析】(2012 湖南高考,21)Weve had a good start,but next,more work needs_ to achiev

29、e the final success.Abeing doneBdoCto be doneDto do答案为 C 项。句意:我们已经有了一个很好的开端,但要想获得最终的成功,接下来更多的工作还需要完成。主语 more work 与后面的 do 存在被动关系,所以 needs 后面要用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语。(2012 福建高考,28)China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangyanIsland to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South Chi

30、na Sea.AattackingBhaving attackedCbeing attackedDhaving been attacked答案为 C 项。由于 Chinese fishing boats 与 attack 之间存在被动关系,所以排除表示主动的 A 项和 B 项;由句意“最近中国加紧对黄岩岛附近水域的控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海受到攻击”可知 attack 的动作并没有发生,因此排除表示完成的 D 项;故答案为 C 项。(2012 重庆高考,28)Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision _ atthe meeting

31、will influence the future of our company.Ato be madeBbeing madeCmadeDhaving been made答案为 A 项。根据第一句 in half an hour 可知,会议还没有开始,因此决定还没有做出,只是将要做出,故排除 B、C、D 三项;不定式作定语表示将来,符合题意。句意:半小时后我们将举行一次会议,在会议上将要做出的决定会影响我们公司的将来。误区警示误区警示1非谓语动词作宾语的易错点-7-(2012 上海高考,33)When Peter speaks in public,he always has trouble _

32、 theright things to say.Athinking ofBto think ofCthought ofDthink of【错混透析】Ahave trouble(in)doing sth.为固定句式,意为“做某事有困难(麻烦)”,故 A 项正确。该题易误选 B 项,主要是没有看清这是一个固定句式。【解题指导】解答非谓语动词作宾语的题目,应注意以下三点:(1)有的动词后面只能接不定式作宾语;有的动词后面只能接动词ing 形式作宾语;有的动词后接不定式和动词ing 形式均可,意义区别不大;还有部分动词后接不定式和动词ing形式时,含义不同。应牢记这几类不同的动词。(2)有些短语中的

33、to 是介词,应接动词ing 形式作宾语,不要误认为是不定式符号,而接动词原形。(3)有些动词短语中的介词 in 或 from 常省略,后面应接动词ing 形式。2非谓语动词作定语的易错点(2011 江西高考,32)On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall,Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.AsaysBsaidCsayingDto say【错混透析】C句意:一接到妻子的电话说她摔倒的时候,戈登先生立刻从办公室冲回家。从句子结构看,此处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰

34、 phone call,由于 phone call 和 say之间为主动关系,所以应用动词ing 的形式。(2011 全国高考,15)The island,_ to the mainland by a bridge,is easy togo to.AjoiningBto joinCjoinedDhaving joined【错混透析】Cjoin A to B 意为“把 A 与 B 连接起来”。此处逻辑主语 the island与 join 为被动关系,所以使用过去分词作定语,相当于非限制性定语从句 which is joinedto.。(2012 湖南高考,31)The lecture,_ at

35、 7:00 pm last night,was followed byan observation of the moon with telescopes.AstartingBbeing startedCto startDto be started【错混透析】A句意:报告于昨晚七点开始,报告之后便是用望远镜观察月球。start在此用作不及物动词,表示“开始”,故用现在分词形式作后置定语,相当于 whichstarted.。不定式一般表示将来,C、D 项错误;若 start 用作及物动词,则此处需表示被动,而 B 项 being started 表示正在开始,时间上错误。如果忽视了报告的时间,该

36、题易误选 C 项。【解题指导】解答非谓语形式作定语的题目,可以从三方面着手。(1)理解句子结构,不要被假象所迷惑,确定所选的答案是用来修饰名词或代词的。(2)分析非谓语动词发生的时间。表示将来通常用不定式形式;表示进行通常用现在分词形式;表示完成通常用过去分词形式。(3)分析非谓语动词与所修饰的名词或代词的逻辑关系。主动关系通常用现在分词形式;被动关系通常用过去分词形式。3非谓语动词作状语的易错点(2012 陕西高考,15)_ in a long queue,we waited for the store to open to buya New iPad.AStandingBTo standC

37、StoodDStand【错混透析】A句意:我们排在长长的队伍中,等着商店开门买一台新的平板电脑。由于逗号前后没有任何关联词,所以不能选择 D 项构成祈使句;不定式在句首时通常作目的状语,B 项不合逻辑;分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作状语,且句子主语 we 与 stand 之间-8-是主动关系,故选 A 项。如果不注意逗号前后的逻辑和时间关系,易误选 B 项;如果不注意句与句之间的关联关系,有可能误选 D 项。(2011 天津高考,12)_ into English,the sentence was found to have an entirelydifferent word order.A

38、TranslatingBTranslatedCTo translateDHaving translated【错混透析】B句子主语 the sentence 与 translate 为被动关系,所以应选过去分词形式作状语。(2011 四川高考,11)Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird tillit could fly.AkeepBkeptCkeepingDto keep【错混透析】D根据句意和逻辑关系判断,该题应选不定式形式作目的状语。【解题指导】非谓语形式作状语时,应注意以下三点。(1)不定式通常作目的状语。(2)现在分词作状语

39、时,与句子主语是主动关系。(3)过去分词作状语时,与句子主语是被动关系。4非谓语动词作补语的易错点(2012 四川高考,12)Before driving into the city,you are required to get yourcar_.AwashedBwashCwashingDto wash【错混透析】Acar 和 wash 为被动关系,故选 washed 作补语表示被动。句意:在你开车驶入这所城市前,你应该先洗车。“get 宾语 to do sth.”意为“使宾语做某事”,宾语与后面的补语为主动关系,所以逻辑关系判断失误会造成误选 D 项。(2011 浙江高考,14)Even

40、the best writers sometimes find themselves _ forwords.AloseBlostCto loseDhaving lost【错混透析】B该题易误选 A 项,考生可能会将 find sb.do 与 find oneself done 混淆。根据句意“即使最好的作家有时也会觉得自己无法用语言表达”可知,四个选项围绕 lose变化。lost for words 为过去分词短语作宾补,意为“(惊讶,困惑等得)不知说什么好”。【解题指导】非谓语形式可以在动词后面作补语,也可以在 with 的复合结构中作补语。(1)在“一感(feel)二听(hear,list

41、en)三让(let,make,have)四看(see,watch,notice,observe)”等动词后面,可以跟不带 to 的不定式或者分词作宾补。不定式表示动作的全过程,说明某事已发生;现在分词表示动作正在进行,还未结束,现在分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系;过去分词表示被动和完成,没有一定的时间性,过去分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。(2)with 复合结构的构成是“with宾语宾补”,宾补可以由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等来充当。若用过去分词作宾补表示被动和完成;用现在分词作宾补表示主动和进行;用动词不定式作宾补表示将来。5 5非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动

42、式易错点(2011 浙江高考,19)If they win the final tonight,the team are going to tour aroundthe city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.Abeing cheeredBbe cheeredCto be cheeredDwere cheered【错混透析】C从句子结构来看,前面已经有 are going to tour,中间又没有连词,不可能出现两个独立谓语,所以应选非谓语形式,可排除 B、D 两项;A、C 两项都表示被动,区别在于 being done 强调正在进行,而动词不定式 t

43、o be done 表示将来。根据句子的时态判断应选 C 项。(2012 重庆高考,23)_ to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful-9-film.AHaving been askedBTo askCHaving askedDTo be asked【错混透析】A由后句“I missed a wonderful film”可知,那晚上加班已经发生,由于不定式表示将来,可排除 B、D 两项;ask 与主语 I 之间应为被动关系,故用现在分词的完成被动式作状语。句意:那天晚上被要求加班,我错过了一场好看的电影。如果主语与 ask的逻辑关系

44、判断失误,有可能会误选 C 项,如果忽视了发生的时间,有可能会误选 D 项。【解题指导】具体运用中,不定式和现在分词可以有多种形式,过去分词只有一种形式。(1)当不定式的动作正在进行时,不定式要用进行式;当不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生时,不定式要用完成式;当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动式。(2)当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作之前发生时,现在分词要用完成式;当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时,现在分词要用被动式。(3)现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词都表示被动和完成,两种形式作状语时常可互换,但作定语时只能用过去分词形式,不能用现在分词的完成被动式。1(2012 山东

45、德州期末,31)_ himself to the life abroad,he has to keep hisknowledge and skills updated.ATo accommodateBAccommodatingCHaving accommodatedDAccommodated2(2012 山东淄博六中四模,24)What made me sad was that I went to see her theday before yesterday _ her dead on her bed.Ato findBfindingCfoundDfind3(2012 山东莱州一中二模,32

46、)Is Bob still working in your school?Im afraid not.He is said _ and _ in a private school recently.Ato resign;to teachBto have resigned;to teachCto resign;to teachDto have resigned;to be teaching4(2012 山东东营利津二模,31)Cao Caos tomb is reported _ in Anyang,whichattracts nationwide attention.Abeing foundB

47、to be foundChaving been foundDto have been found5(2012 济南四模,14)What do you think made Maria upset?_ the English exam.AFailingBAs she failedCFailedDBecause of failing6(2012 甘肃武威六中二诊,9)University of Cambridge,_ in 1209,is home toa great number of outstanding figures.AfoundBfoundingCfoundedDto be found

48、ed7Under the environment of fierce competition,the only way John could imagine_ stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.AhandlingBto handleChandledDhaving handled8(2012 济南一模,6)In the yard was an old man telling stories,with quite afew children _ him.Ato surroundBsurroundedCsurroundingDbe

49、ing surrounded9(2012 济南一中期末,29)A fire broke out in the building at 7:30 on Tuesdaymorning,_ in the death of a young girl.-10-Ahaving resultedBresultedCbeing resultedDresulting10(2012 山东菏泽实验高中月考,26)_ this problem,they dont know how todeal with it.AFaceBFacedCFacingDTo be faced11(2012 山东实验中学二模,24)_all

50、 the doors were locked,Mr.Goodman leftfor New York on holiday.ACheckingBCheckedCTo checkDHaving checked12(2012 山东淄博六中五模,29)The TV play _ the story of Brother Sharp(犀利哥)will be made soon.Abeing based onBbased onCbe based onDbasing on13(2012 山东枣庄期末,23)Though _ to see us,he gave us a warm welcome.Asurp

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