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1、简单句的基本结构之主谓宾,01,02,03,火眼金睛,活学活用,精彩纷呈的7大句子成分,知识元-Lead in,句子中的大家庭成员,句子成分,主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语,主语-subject,在句子中，主语是谓语所表示的动作的发出者。,Shanghai is in the east of China.,主语,主语-subject,New members will receive extra guidance on Saturday mornings from 9：00 am to 11：00 am. (名词短语作主语)Mastering a foreign language
2、 will be of great help in our life.(动名词短语作主语)Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. (从句作主语),1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2. We often speak English in class. 3. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.4. Smoking does harm to
3、 the health.,大哥在哪里？,1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2. We often speak English in class. 3. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.4. Smoking does harm to the health.,名词,代词,不定式短语(to do),动名词（V-ing),大哥在哪里？,主语-subject,能够充当主语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)
4、和主语从句等。,主语-subject,当主语为从句或不定式短语等时，为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。Its a pity that you wont come to my birthday party.(代词it充当形式主语，that引导主语从句),谓语-predicate,动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 1简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成,He practices running every morning.When he got up at 7：00 am，a big plan occurred to him.,2复合谓语(1)由情态动词
5、或其他助动词加动词原形构成。,In this exhibition，you can see papercutting with all kinds of patterns.It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks.,谓语-predicate,谓语-predicate,常见的助动词,Children like playing games.2. They were talking about a new film.,二哥在哪里？,Children like playing games.2. They were talking abo
6、ut a new film.,二哥在哪里？,宾语是动作的对象或承受者. 1单宾语,Ive already written the application and personal resume.(名词短语作宾语)I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.(不定式作宾语),宾语-object,2双宾语(间接宾语直接宾语),She ordered herself a new dress.(herself为间接宾语；a new dress为直接宾语),宾语-object,3复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语),Doctors ofte
7、n advise us to pay more attention to our diets.(us为宾语；to pay more attention to our diets 为宾语补足语),宾语-object,1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3. -How many dictionaries do you have? -I have five.4.They helped the old with their ho
8、usework yesterday.,三哥在哪里？,1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3. -How many dictionaries do you have? -I have five.4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.,名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,三哥在哪里？,可以用作宾语的有：名词代词数词不定式动名词宾语从句等。,宾语-object,
9、宾语object,5. He pretended not to see me.6. I enjoy listening to popular music. 7. I think (that) he is fit for his office.,不定式短语(to do),动名词（V-ing）,从句,1,2,3,4,5,基本句式一：S+ V(主谓),S+ V结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，能表达完整的意思，但可以加副词、介词短语、动词不定式等作状语。,We will learn from 8：00 am to 10：00 am. In order to
10、 keep fit，we should exercise regularly.,基本句式二：S V P(主系表),该句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词），它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词的分类如下：,1状态系动词He is a teacher. 2持续系动词This matter remains a mystery. 3表像系动词He seems (to be) very sad.,基本句式二：S V P(主系表),4感官系动词This kind of cloth feels very soft
11、. 5变化系动词She grew rich within a short time. 6终止系动词His plan turned out a success.,I love you,基本句式三：S V O(主谓宾),该句型的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实际意义，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟上一个宾语，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。有些不及物动词后加介词构成及物动词短语后可以接宾语，构成主谓宾结构。,He has refused to help them.He admitted that he was mistaken.,1.You cant understand th
12、e meaning of my words.2.His mother is taking care of the puppy.3.I have seen the sea on a calm summer day. 4.I dreamed a horrible dream last night.,基本句式三：S V O(主谓宾),1.You cant understand the meaning of my words.,主语,谓语,宾语,基本句式三：S V O(主谓宾),His mother is taking care of the puppy.,主语,谓语,宾语,基本句式三：S V O(主
13、谓宾),I have seen the sea on a calm summer day.,主语,谓语,宾语,基本句式三：S V O(主谓宾),I dreamed a horrible dream last night.,主语,谓语,宾语,基本句式三：S V O(主谓宾),活学活用,Class begins at eight every day.He has read this book many times.Mrs. Brown looks very healthy.,Task 1 分析句子成分,Class begins at eight every day.He has read this
14、 book many times.Mrs. Brown looks very healthy.,Task 1 分析句子成分,主 + 系 + 表,主 + 谓,主 + 谓 + 宾,Task 2 判断句子类型,1To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.2Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.3The days get longer and longer when summer comes.4They arrived here at 10：00 yesterday mornin
15、g.5The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,Task 2 判断句子类型,1To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. （主系表）2Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. (主谓宾)3The days get longer and longer when summer comes. （主系表）4They arrived here at 10：00 yesterday morning. (主谓)5The old ma
16、n sitting at the gate said he was ill. (主谓宾),Task 3 用所学过的简单句型翻译下列句子,1在这种环境下，师生们正生活快乐，工作努力。2在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。3最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。,Task 3 用所学过的简单句型翻译下列句子,1在这种环境下，师生们正生活快乐，工作努力。(S V)In the environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard.2在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。(S V P)In my opinion
17、，a person without friends will never be happy.3最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。(S V O)Finally，we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently.,Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in controlling the Earths climate. One of the oceans most important climate 1._ (function) i
18、s absorbing heat and carbon dioxide (CO2)，one of the gases that cause global warming.2._ (cover) 70% of the surface of the globe，oceans store a thousand times more heat than the atmosphere does. The oceans 3._ (absorb) huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years. In fact，the oceans are savi
19、ng us 4._ faster climate changethey are putting a brake on the climate system.5._ bad news is that the oceans only slow the atmospheric warming. Once the oceans come up against a greenhouse-gas warmed earth，the extreme heat will remain in the atmosphere and things will get much 6._ (hot),Task 4 语法填空
20、,Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in controlling the Earths climate. One of the oceans most important climate 1._ (function) is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide (CO2)，one of the gases that cause global warming.2._ (cover) 70% of the surface of the globe，oceans store a t
21、housand times more heat than the atmosphere does. The oceans 3._ (absorb) huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years. In fact，the oceans are saving us 4._ faster climate changethey are putting a brake on the climate system.5._ bad news is that the oceans only slow the atmospheric warming.
22、Once the oceans come up against a greenhouse-gas warmed earth，the extreme heat will remain in the atmosphere and things will get much 6._ (hot),functions,Covering,have absorbed,from,The,hotter,Another important role 7._ (play) by the oceans is that of distributor. The oceans currents carry oxygen，nu
23、trients (营养物) and heat throughout the globe，just 8._ blood tubes bring oxygen and nutrition to cells in the human body. The ocean distributes 25% to 50% of energy 9._ t he planet receives from the sun. For example，the Gulf Stream (墨西哥湾流) carries heat across the Atlantic. This warm current makes nort
24、hwestern Europe warmer than it would 10._ (normal) be.,Another important role 7._ (play) by the oceans is that of distributor. The oceans currents carry oxygen，nutrients (营养物) and heat throughout the globe，just 8._ blood tubes bring oxygen and nutrition to cells in the human body. The ocean distribu
25、tes 25% to 50% of energy 9._ he planet receives from the sun. For example，the Gulf Stream (墨西哥湾流) carries heat across the Atlantic. This warm current makes northwestern Europe warmer than it would 10._ (normal) be.,played,as/like,that/which,normally,I still remember my first trip to Hainan with my p
26、arents years ago. We swam in Yalong Bay，which there were lots of people enjoying ourselves. We also visited the Monkey Island，a impressive attraction. The monkeys of different age there were so cute that I really wanted to touch them. But of course I cant. We were told before seeing the monkeys put
27、everything in our bags and not to reach into our pockets or bags in case the monkeysthinking we were getting some gifts for themjumped to us and accidental hurt us. The people there were friendly to us and the food was delicious. And to believe me，the fresh coconut juice there is the better juice in
28、 the world！I am looking forward to visit it once more.,Task 5 短文改错,I still remember my first trip to Hainan with my parents years ago. We swam in Yalong Bay，which there were lots of people enjoying ourselves. We also visited the Monkey Island，a impressive attraction. The monkeys of different age the
29、re were so cute that I really wanted to touch them. But of course I cant. We were told before seeing the monkeys put everything in our bags and not to reach into our pockets or bags in case the monkeysthinking we were getting some gifts for themjumped to us and accidental hurt us. The people there were friendly to us and the food was delicious. And to believe me，the fresh coconut juice there is the better juice in the world！I am looking forward to visit it once more.,where,themselves,an,ages,couldnt,to,accidentally,best,visiting,