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1、虚拟语气知识点状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：从句（条件）主句（目的）表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）主语+would(should could might)+动词原型If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+had+动词的过去分词主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in
2、 the exams.表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+should（were to）+动词原型/动词的过去式主语+would（could should might）+动词原型If he did not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next Monday.混合条件句主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student
3、 now.含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。1. Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help,= If it had not been for your help,2. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的
4、情况在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。例： If she were younger, she would do it.Were she younger, she would do it. If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，
5、谓语动词用过去式。 He looks as if he were an artist.2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.3. 表示与将来事实相反，从句用would/could/might+动词原形 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例：He looks as if he goin
6、g to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。名词性从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.在动词wish/holp后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。 I wish (that) I were a bird.对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时。I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。 I wish I could f
7、ly freely in the sky.2. 在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.表示“要求”的： request, demand, require, (beg ask, desire)表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定，命令”的：command, orderWe suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.注意：suggest, i
8、nsist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。3.would rather，had rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。1. I would rather they didnt know the news.2. I would rather you had gone, too.3. I would rather go out than do my homework.主语从句中的虚拟语气“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分
9、词）+that+sb./sth. (should) do sth. 常用的形容词：natural, necessary, important, strange, essential, a pity that1. I dont think it necessary that tom (should) be assigned to the job.2. It is strange that he (should) treat his parents like that.在“It is (was)+表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词被动语态+that+sb./sth. (should) do sth
10、.”It is suggested/proposed/advised/recommended/ required/requested + that 从句1. It is proposed that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，p
11、lan，idea。1. We all agreed to his advice that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.2. My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.在It is high time + that 定语从句中的虚拟语气表示“该做.的时候了”其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.If only 引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气
12、If only引出感叹句，意思是“要是.多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望。例：If only he didnt drive so fast!(现在)If only the rain would stop.(将来)Look at the terrible situation I am in !if only I had followed your advice(过去)翻译练习：1. 那个老妇女坚持声称哪个年轻人偷了他的钱包，并且他应该被送到警察局。 _2. 要是她年轻时遵循健康的生活方式，现在她就能身体棒棒的。 _3. 孩子们总希望长大，老年人却希望变得年轻。 _情态动词知识点 may/might
13、(not) 可能(不); 请求(疑问句) can 表能力;许可;(有时)会 could 表能力;可能 cant/couldnt 不可能;没有能力 ought (not) to (不)应该 should 应该;按说应该(根据常理推测);竟然; need (not) (不) 必要 must 必须;肯定推测;非要 would 意愿;过去将来;做某事的倾向 will 意愿 ; 决心 shall 第一人称 疑问句 请求 第二第三人称 陈述句 命令;警告;规定;许诺 情态动词+have done用法例句must have done表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”1
14、She must have gone through a lot.2 He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。1 You may have learnt the news.2 He may not have heard his name called.3 Sorry Im late. I might have turn
15、ed off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.canhave donecannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成could时语气委婉）1 Where can she have gone?2 Could he have done such a foolish thing?3 The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could hav
16、e done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。1 He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2 You could have been more considerate.3 You could have done better, but you were too careless.might have done表示“本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1 You should no
17、t swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。1 He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2 You shouldnt have done it so carelessly.3
18、 You ought to have returned the book earlier.4 You ought not to have refused his offer.neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”1 You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didnt need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.had better have done用于事后的建
19、议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。1 You had better have started earlier.2 You had better not have scolded her.would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。1I would rather have taken his advice.2I would rather not have told him the tru
20、th.经典练习：1. When I was young, my family _ (put on) our best clothes and go to church on Sunday.2. - They are said to have been familiar with each other. - But they _ (not be). They were introduced only hours ago.3. Being constantly exposed to advertisement is annoying, but it _ (be) pleasant.4 Congra
21、tulations! I hear youve won the first prize in the singing competition. - You _ (mistake). Im in the dance class.5. You _(work) that late last night. It was harmful to your health.6. The meeting has been on for ten minutes. Why _ you be so late today?7. You _ (come) to the conference yesterday. What
22、 was the reason for your absence.8. - Why were you absent from the lecture yesterday? - If you _ (know), I visited a relative of mine in hospital.9. It has been announced that candidates _ (remain) in their seats until all the papers have been collected.10. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ (drop) i
23、t somewhere. 11. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York . - Oh, did you? You _ (stay) with Barbara. 12. Its too late. I think he _ (go) to bed1. would put on 2. couldnt have been 3.can 4 must be mistaken5. neednt have worked 6. should 7. should have come 8. must know9. shall remain 10. must have dropped 11. could have stayed 12. could/might have gone翻译练习：1. 当我们一起共事时，他们也许没有把我当朋友看待。 _2. 你本不该告诉她真相。 _3. 你本可以做得更好，但你没有尽力而为。 _