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1、u uUnitUnit 2 2 LessonsLessons inin lifelifeS SS Sectionection UsingUsing languagelanguage.阅读理解A AThe word proactivity is fairly common in management literature,but you wont findit in the dictionary.It means that as a human being you take responsibility for yourown life.Look at the word responsibili
2、ty:the ability to choose your response,responseability.Effective people are proactive because they take responsibility.Their behavior isa product of their own decisions,based on values,rather than being a product oftheir own conditions,based on feelings.For instance,you are planning a picnic withyou
3、r family.Youre excited.You have all the preparations.Youve decided where togo,andthenitbecomesstormy,killingyourplan.Proactivepeoplecarry_weather_within_them.They realize what their purpose really was,and theycreatively have a picnic elsewhere even if its in their own basement with some specialgames
4、,and make the best of that situation.The opposite of being proactive is tobe reactive.Reactive people would say,“Whats the use？”“We cant do anything.”“Oh,this is so upsetting after all of our preparations and arrangements.”Theytry to persuade the people around them and usually the picnic will be can
5、celled.Being proactive is really just being true to your human nature.Your basic nature isto act,and not to be acted upon.Thats true,despite widespread theories ofdeterminism used to explain human nature.Determinism says that you dont reallychoose anything and that what you call choices are nothing
6、more than automaticresponses to outside conditions.The language of reactive people is like:“I cant.”“Dont have time.”“I have to.”“I must.”The whole spirit of that language is the transfer of responsibility.Theythink things are determined by their environment,or by their conditions,or by theirconditi
7、oning or their genetic makeup.Psychologically,people who believe they aredetermined will produce the evidence to support the belief,and they increasinglyfeel victimized and out of control.Theyre not in charge of their life at all.On the contrary,a proactive person exercises free will and is free to
8、choose theresponse that best applies to his values.In that way,he gains control over thecircumstances,rather than being controlled by them.1 According to the passage,a proactive personsbehavior can result from_.Athe environmentBan inner beliefCthe genetic makeupDa temporary feeling2What does“carry w
9、eather within them”in thesecond paragraph probably mean?AManage to improve the weather.BGive in to the weather passively.CStress the influence of the weather.DFind a solution to the weather problem.3When a picnic plan is threatened by a suddenstorm,reactive people will probably_.Ahave the picnic as
10、plannedBmake the best of the picnicCcomplain and give up the picnicDfind somewhere else for the picnic4It can be concluded from the passage thatdeterminists(宿命论者)_.Aaccept things passivelyBare in charge of themselvesCare similar to proactive peopleDrespond to outside conditions activelyB BToniMorris
11、on was an American writer who received the Nobel Prize inLiterature.Her novels,Beloved,SongofSolomonandothers explored the way AfricanAmericanssearch for freedom and identity in a country obsessed(受困扰的)with skin colour.Morrison was nearly 40 when she published her first novelTheBluestEyein 1970.TheN
12、obel Prize committee described her writing as“language itself,a language shewants to liberate from race”.Her novels discussed Americas past,focusing on blackhistory and the effects of slavery and racism.She called her characters“theunfreeat the heart of the democratic(民主的)experiment”In 1988,she won
13、the Pulitzer Prize for her novelBeloved,the story of a mother whokills her babydaughter rather than permit her to return to slavery.Itbecamea bestseller and was later made into a film.Many Americans admired her as thecountrys greatestwriter,including former President Barack Obama.She was born in 193
14、1.She attended Howard University,an allblack university inWashington,DC.At Howard,she read African,British and American literature,including writers WilliamFaulkner and Virginia Woolf.After a short marriage,shebecame a single mother of two sons and worked asa book editor in New York.Severalpublisher
15、srejectedherfirstbookTheBluestEye,butitimpressedTheNewYorkTimes book critic(评论家)John Leonard,who believed Morrison was animportant new voice.He said her writing was“so full of pain and wonder that thenovel becomes poetry”Morrison enjoyed her literary fame and was proud of her Nobel Prize.5What are T
16、oni Morrisons books mainly about?AWomens equality and rights.BThe development of America.CThe literature of America.DBlack history and racism.6Which of the following helped Toni Morrison receive the Pulitzer Prize?ABeloved.BSongofSolomon.CTheBluestEye.DTheNewYorkTimes.7Why is former President Barack
17、 Obama mentioned?ATo show Barack Obamas support in literature.BTo prove Toni Morrisons greatness as a writer.CTo stress Toni Morrisons contribution to America.DTo remind readers of the skin colour of Barack Obama.8What can we infer from John Leonards words?AHe thought highly of Morrison.BHe rejected
18、 the book The Bluest Eye.CThe book The Bluest Eye made him painful.DToni Morrisons book was hard to understand.七选五Hope is the most powerful motivating force(驱动力)that helps people to overcome thedifficulties._1_you need the guiding force to keep you movingtoward yourgoals.Hope keeps you on your feet
19、and makes you much stronger.Hope is your strength and inner faith in the battle of your life._2_you loseeverything.You do hard work and make a great effort to succeed in life but fail.That makes you upset and depressed.You do not know what to do.At that time hopecomes to your rescue and gives you en
20、couragement._3_Hope increases the productivity,efficiency and creativity of people.A hopeful personis a positive person who can succeed in any field of his choice._4_Thebest service we can do to mankind is giving hope to hopeless people._5_Yes,hope gives meaning to life as without hope there is no r
21、eason to live.Give hope to people and theywillbecomemore creative andmore productive.Hopeis vital to the life of every person.Besides,hope is necessary not only for lifebut also for living a healthy life.Hope is the best medicine that keeps away fromtension,depression,despair,high blood pressure and
22、 other health problems.I hadtwo big heart attacks and while at the edge of death,I had hope that I would survive.And the hope of getting well kept me alive.AA hopeless person is a failed person who can neversucceed in life.BHave you ever lost hope and felt sorry for yourself?CSince youre full of hop
23、e for the future，DYou try one more time and succeed.EIn the ups and downs of life，FIs hope necessary for life?GIfyou lose hope，课时作业课时作业(五五).阅读理解A A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了积极的人和消极的人的区别，例如在遭遇天气不好野餐计划搁浅的时候，积极的人会想办法进行野餐，而消极的人会直接取消计划。积极的人行为动力来自内心，而消极的人却由周围的环境左右其决定。1答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段前两句 Being proactive is
24、reallyjust beingtrue to your human nature.Your basic nature is toact，and not to be acted upon.可知，积极主动其实就是忠于你的人性。人的本性是行动，而不是任人摆布。由此可知一个积极的人，他的行动源于他的内心和本性。故选 B。2答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段画线部分后面的内容 They realize what theirpurpose really was,and they creatively have a picnic elsewhere even if its in theirown bas
25、ement with somespecial games.可知积极的人明白他们真正的目的是什么，尽管天气对计划不利，但他们会选择合适的地方，即使是在自家的地下室里进行一些特别的游戏，最终达到目的。所以当环境不利于计划的时候，积极的人会创造性地想出解决方法，达到目的。由此推断，第二段的“carry weather within them”可能是指找到解决天气问题的办法。故选 D。3 答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 They try to persuadethe people aroundthem and usually the picnic will be cancelled.可知
26、消极的人会试图说服他们周围的人并最后取消野餐。所以当野餐计划受到突然的暴风雨威胁时，消极的人可能会抱怨并放弃野餐。故选 C。4答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据第四段中 They think things aredetermined by theirenvironment,or by their conditions,or bytheir conditioning or their genetic makeup.可知，消极的人认为事情是由环境决定的，或由他们的条件或基因组成决定。再结合第二段野餐的例子可推断出，消极的人在面对计划不得不改变时，他们会抱怨但接受现实，而不会想办法去创造机会实现目标。由
27、此推断出宿命论者消极地接受事物。故选 A。B B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国诺贝尔文学奖得主托妮莫里森的作品以情感炽热、简短而富有诗意，并对美国黑人生活的敏锐观察而闻名。5答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Her novels discussed Americas past,focusing on black history and the effects of slavery and racism.可知，她的小说主要是关于黑人历史和种族歧视的。故选 D 项。6答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段中的 In 1988，she won the Pulitzer Prize
28、 forher novelBeloved可知，帮助她获得普利策奖的是小说宠儿。故选 A 项。7 答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第二段中的 Many Americans admired her as the countrysgreatest writer,including former President Barack Obama.可推知，文中提到前总统奥巴马是来证明托妮莫里森作为作家的影响力之大。故选 B 项。8 答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的.John Leonard，who believed Morrisonwas an important new voice.He sai
29、d her writing was“so full of pain and wonder thatthe novel becomes poetry”可知，约翰伦纳德对莫里森评价很高。故选 A 项。.七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论希望对于人的重要性：希望是最强大的驱动力，帮助人们克服困难。1答案与解析：E根据后面 you need the guiding force to keep you movingtoward yourgoals(你需要引导力量，让你朝着目标前进)可知，前半句提及的应是困难的情境，需要引导力量帮助前行。E 选项 In the ups and downs o
30、f life(在人生的起起落落中)符合语境。故选 E 项。2答案与解析：G根据前一句 Hope is your strength and inner faith in the battle ofyour life.(希望是你在人生奋斗中的力量和内心的信念。)可知，希望是很重要的。因此，失去希望就失去了一切。G 选项 If you lose hope(如果你失去希望)与后面 you loseeverything 可结合在一起表达此意。故选 G 项。3答案与解析：D根据前一句 At that time hope comes to your rescue and gives youencourage
31、ment.(那时，希望会来搭救你，鼓励你。)可知，希望鼓励人们再次努力尝试。D 选项 You try one more time and succeed.(你再试一次就成功了。)为希望鼓励人们成功的结果，符合语境。故选 D 项。4答案与解析：A根据后一句 The best service we can do to mankind isgiving hope tohopeless people.(我们能为人类做的最好的事就是给绝望的人希望。)可知，设空处应提及绝望的人为什么需要被给予希望。A 选项 A hopeless person is a failed person who can neversucceed in life.(一个没有希望的人是一个在生活中永远不会成功的失败的人。)符合语境。故选 A 项。5答案与解析：F根据设空处后的回答 Yes，hope gives meaning to life aswithout hopethere is no reason to live.(是的，希望赋予生命意义，因为没有希望就没有生活的理由。)可知，设空处在对希望是否重要提问。F 选项 Is hope necessary for life？符合语境，故选 F 项。