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1、中考非谓语之分词,分词：Participles,一、分词的概述,1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现在分词和过去分词。 分词具有形容词词性，所以分词具有形容词的功能特征。,2. 现在分词：doing/not doing 过去分词：done/not done,二、分词的特点,现在分词表主动或进行,1. Do you know the woman talking to Tom?2. Dont wake up the sleeping boy.3. China is a developing country.4. The boy standing under the tree i
2、s my brother.,过去分词表被动或完成 1. The boy named Bob is my brother.2. He drank some boiled water quickly.3. The USA is a developed country.4. Fired food is not healthy.,二、分词的特点,三. 现在/过去分词的功能,现在/过去分词具有形容词的特征，可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。1. I am excited.2. The book written by Luxun is popular.3. The result of the game
3、made me disappointed.4. Being ill, he didnt go to school.,1. 分词作表语1) The movie is _(interest).2) What you said is _ (disappoint).3) I was _(interest) in the movie.4) I am _ (excite) about the game.ed常用来修饰人ing常用来修饰事物,disappointing,interesting,interested,excited,disappoint v. 使某人感到失望他的答案让我很失望。His answ
4、er disappoints me.I am disappointed at his answer.disappoint, surprise, excite, interest,amaze(使惊奇)，frighten(使害怕)，encourage(鼓励), fascinate(使着迷)等，常用来描述人的情绪，心情。,1. What he said was very _ (encourage) . 2. The little boy felt very _ (disappoint)3. I am _(fascinate) by the novel.4. The snake is _(fright
5、en), so no one dare to get close.,encouraging,disappointed,fascinated,frightening,2. 分词作定语,1. Dont wake up the sleeping boy.Dont wake up the boy who _.2. The working man is my father.The man who _ is my father3. The boy playing football likes sports.The boy who _ likes sports.4. I know the girls rea
6、ding books.I know the little girl who _.,is sleeping,is working,is playing football,are reading books,现在分词作定语时，通常表主动或进行1. Dont wake up the sleeping boy.如果是单个分词作定语，放在所修饰名词之前,作前置定语。4. I know the girls reading books.如果是现在分词短语作定语则放在所修饰名词之后，作后置定语。,1. There are some fallen leaves.There are some leaves tha
7、t _.2. He eats some cooked food.He eats some food that _.3. I fetched the bike repaired by Tom. I fetched the bike that _.4. I read a letter written in English.I read a letter that _.,was repaired by Tom,have fallen,has been cooked,was written in English,过去分词作定语时，通常表完成或被动。2. He eats some cooked food
8、.如果是单个分词作定语，放在所修饰名词之前，作前置定语。4. I read a letter written in English.如果是过去分词短语作定语则放在所修饰名词之后，作后置定语。,1. Herearesomenewcomputerprograms_ forhomebuildings.A.designing B.designC.designed D.todesign2. Theteachercameintotheclassroom _ byhisstudents.A.following B.tobefollowingC.followed D.havingfollowed.,C,C,3
9、.Withwinter _ on,itstimetobuywarmclothes.A.cameB.comes C.comeD.coming 4.The_pricewillsaveyouonedollarforeachdozen.A.reduce B.reducingC.reduced D.reduces,D,B,5. People _ inthecitydonotknowthepleasureofcountrylife.A.liveB.tolive C.livedD.living6.Thegroundis_with_leaves.A.covering,falling B.covered,fal
10、lingC.covered,fallenD.covering,fallen,D,C,7.The_(steal)carwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.8. Thebook_(一本农民写的书)isverypopular.9. Thescientists_(在这儿工作的)arewellpaid.10.TellMarythattheressomeone_(wait)for heratthedoor.,stolen,written by a farmer,working here,waiting,3. 分词作宾语补足语,1. Listen！Do you hear someone
11、_ for help.2. When I passed by the classroom, I saw Tom _ (play) with his classmates.3. I will have my glasses _(repair).4. He could not make her words _(understand) by the students.,playing,calling,repaired,understood,1. Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help.现在分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的执行者，宾语和宾补是主动关系。
12、3. I will have my glasses repaired.过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的承受者，宾语和宾补时被动关系。,1. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitching.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked2. I saw a book _ on the floor.A. lie 2. lying 3. to lie 4. laid,B,B,3. Hehadhisleg_ inthefootballmatchyesterdayA. hurt
13、B. to hurt C. burting D. hurted4. Tom was heard _ an English song when I was phoning his brother.A. sing B. to sing C. sung D. singing,A,D,5.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire_ (burn) allnight.6. I always get my bike _(wash).7. They try their best to get us _ (interest) in this idea.8.WhenIenteredthethe
14、atre,Isawhim _ inthefirstrow(sit),burning,washed,interested,sitting,4. 分词作状语,1. When I was walking along the street, I saw a lot of funny things.Walking along the street，I saw a lot of funny things.2. Because he was ill, he went to the hospital.Being ill，he went to the hospital yesterday.主从句主语一致，且主语
15、是动作的发出者，表主动。,1.Tom worked late into the night, _ (prepare) a long speech for the president.Tom worked late into the night, because he prepared a long speech for the president.2. _(recieve) his answer, she sent the second letter. When he recieved his answer, she sent the second letter.,Recieving,prep
16、aring,1. If I am given more time, I will do it better.Given more time, Ill do it better.2. Since it was destroyed during te war, the city has been completely rebuilt.Destroyed during the war, the city has been completely rebuilt.主从句主语一致，但主语是动作的接受者，表被动。,1. _(train) properly ,the dog will make a good
17、watch dog.If it is trained properly ,the dog will make a good watch dog.2. _(catch)by the police, he was stealing a car.When the thief was caught by the police, he was stealing a car.,Trained,Caught,现在分词表主动或进行过去分词表被动或完成1. 分词作表语，找主语2. 分词作定语，找名词或代词3. 分词作宾补，找宾语4. 分词作状语，找主句,非谓语动词之间的不同,1、非谓语动词作表语的区别动名词和动
18、词不定式作表语，具有名词的词性，表示主语是什么。The first thing is to open the book.My favourite sport is riding bikes.分词作表语，具有形容词的词性，表示主语怎么样。The film was so boring that I felt sleepy.,2、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别动词不定式作宾补，表示宾补动作发生在谓语动词之后。He told me to clean the classroom.现在分词作宾补，表示宾补动作和谓语同时发生，且与宾语之间为主动。I saw the boy crying.过去分词作宾补，表示宾
19、语和宾补之间为被动。I had my bike washed.,3、非谓语动词作定语的区别动名词做定语，无主被动关系，只说明名词的功能用途。shopping center meeting room动词不定式作定语，被修饰词虽然是不定式的宾语，但不用被动。We found a book to use.分词作定语，有主被动，进行完成的区别。a broken car a raining day,4、非谓语动词作状语的区别动名词做状语，常与介词搭配。Tom was praised for helping others.动词不定式作状语，常表示目的，结果，原因。In order to finish the work, he hardly sleeps.分词作状语，常表示时间，条件，伴随，方式，原因等。Being tired, he still keeps on working.,很抱歉打扰了你。动名词：I apologized for troubling you.不定式：I was sorry to trouble you.分词：Because I troubled you, I apologized.Troubling you, I apologized.,