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1、名词用法及考点一、名词的句法功能名词或名词词组在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语（即除“谓语”以外的句子成分）。The money （主语）in itself meant nothing to him. 金钱本身对他毫无意义。Keep the medicine（宾语）out of the children's reach（介词宾语）.把药放在小孩够不到的地方。She is a famous doctor.（表语） 她是个有名的医生。My brother is a middle school（定语）student.我的弟弟是个中学生。Wait a minute（状语）pl
2、ease. 请稍候。ChangSha, the capital（同位语）of Hunan province , is in the middle of China.湖南省省会长沙在华中。二、名词的分类类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称的词。首字母大写，冠词、介词除外Liu Xiang, Mr. Smith, Linda, Japan, the Great Wall, Monday, Teachers Day Bank of China普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或事物的个体的词teacher, pen, country, man, boy, panda集体名词
3、表示若干个体组成的集体的词，指一群人或一些事物people, family, police, class, team, staff, army不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物的词，指构成各种物体的物质或材料water, milk, air, wood, glass, paper, tea, advice, furniture, traffic, weather, snow抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、性质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词knowledge, health, strength, courage, information, homework, friendship（1） fami
4、ly, class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数；（2） 部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念： police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。The police(主语)+谓语动词复数 people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The)people+谓语动词复数people指民族，有单、复数变化 e.g. fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族三、可数名词变复数的规则变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加smonthmonths以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词在词尾加esglas
5、sglassesmatchmatches以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i再加escountrycountriesfactoryfactories以元音字母y 结尾的名词在词尾直接加sholidayholidaysmonkeymonkeys以o结尾的名词无生命词尾加sphotophotos有生命在词尾加espotatopotatoes以f，fe结尾的名词,一般要变f或fe为v再加es,selfselves wolfwolves少数直接加s,beliefbeliefs四
6、、名词所有格名词所有格：英语中名词可在词尾加-s作定语，修饰另一个名词，表示所有格关系名词所有格有两种构成形式：s所有格例如：单数： a teachers ; 复数： teachers; of所有格: the pen of my sister 五、名词的考点1、做主语、宾语（动宾和介宾）、表语2、形容词性物主代词+名词3、序数词+名词4、（a/an/the）+形容词+名词5、可数名词前如果没有形容词性物主代词、指示代词（this/ that/ these/those）等限定词，应用其复数形式表示复数含义6、名词与其修饰语保持数的一致 (1)much, a little, a great dea
7、l of后面加不可数名词；(2)some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等接复数名词或不可数名词；(3)these, those, several, many, all, both, various, a pair of, a variety of, different或数词等接复数名词；(4)many a接单数名词。7、作主语的名词与谓语动词保持数的一致，即通过谓语来判断主语用复数还是单数8、n and n并列9、形容词修饰名词，即adj+n.10、 be + of +抽象名词11、以's结尾的名词的所有格12、of 的特殊所有格巩固练习：一、
8、语法填空1(2020·全国卷)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.2(2020·全国卷)Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.3(2020·新高考全国卷)Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 4. His kindness and _（achie
9、ve）impressed me.5. The _（express）in his eyes told me something was wrong.6. It is the third _（describe）about the bird.7. For most of us the_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.8. .I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and
10、dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese_(painting).9(2019·全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.10(2019·全国卷)When they we
11、re free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. 11. (2018·全国卷)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.12. (2018·浙
12、江6月高考)Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.13. (2017·全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.14.
13、 (2021·合肥模拟)We usually expect Hollywood (hero) to show up on our screens and defeat the bad guys.15. (2021·太原模拟)They may be too young to tell right from wrong without the guidance of their parents. Some may take illegal (activity)16. (2020·全国卷短文改错改编)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl a
14、nd beat them quickly with (chopstick)17. (2020·全国卷)The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.18. (2021·开封模拟)Knowing that, my mum and I made careful (prepare) for the celebration.19.
15、(2021·济南模拟)But at home he is a strict parent who is hard on me and has high (expect) of me.20. (2021·太原模拟)He has made great (contribute) to the development of our company.21. (2019·北京高考)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various (activity) on Earth Day.22
16、. (2019·全国卷短文改错改编)All the football (player) on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.23. (2019·全国卷短文改错改编)Since I was a kid, I've considered different (job) I would like to do.24. (2018·全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study publishe
17、d in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause)25. (2020·浙江1月高考)For Japan, the (number) are more striking 22 in 1950,46 today and 53 in 2050.26. (2016·全国卷) Recent (study) show that we are far more producti
18、ve at work if we take short breaks regularly.27. (2016·全国卷短文改错改编)The teenage (year) from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.28. (2021·湖北部分重点中学联考)My best (memory) of Chinese food were when I first learned to use the chopsticks.29. (2021·运城模拟)Since most students are in need of
19、 a nap, proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole (morning) hard work.30. (2017·全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her (educate)31. (2016·全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.,
20、influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.32. The British have many (tradition) but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea.33. There are various types of tea that offer different health (benefit) and flavours.二、单句改错1I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at you
21、r earliest convenient. 2Firstly, it is of vital important to have a positive attitude.3I restarted to pick up my confident again.4It is necessary that one should eat various kind of healthy food, such as fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits.5By the way, after the contest, I am to drop in at your universities to visit you. 6Some sellers were shouting at the top of their voice to attract people's attentions. 7To my great joys, Mary took good care of me.8Why not come and join us if you want to know more informations about our future space school? 5 / 5