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1、A Study of Female Images in Patriarchy in Madame BovaryAbstract: Female image is part of Patriarchy. The oppression of Patriarchy makes it impossible for women to understand themselves clearly. Few women resist the oppression of Patriarchy and find an outlet, but they cannot get rid of the strong tr
2、agic color of women in Patriarchy. Emma in Flauberts master piece Madame Bovary is a typical representative. This thesis studies Madame Bovary, takes the Patriarchy as the background, explores the definition of Patriarchy and the characteristics of Patriarchy. Through the analysis of the typical fem
3、ale image of Emma in Patriarchy, it discusses the Patriarchy background, Emmas tragic image and awakening image, and analyses the individual and social formation of Emmas female image. Therefore, it further elaborates the female image of Emma in the Patriarchy in Madame Bovary, so as to highlight th
4、e value of women in society and family, enhance womens self-awareness, improve womens status and promote gender equality.Keywords: female image; Patriarchy; Madame Bovary; Emma1包法利夫人中父权社会下的女性形象研究摘要:女性形象是父权社会中的一部分，父权社会的压迫使女性无法清楚的认识自我，极少数女性在父权社会的压迫中反抗找到出口，却也摆脱不了父权社会下的女性的浓厚悲剧色彩。福楼拜代表作包法利夫人中的爱玛就是典型的代表。本
5、课题对包法利夫人进行研究，以父权社会为背景，探究父权社会的定义和父权社会的特点，对父权社会下的爱玛这一典型的女性形象进行分析，讨论爱玛所处的父权社会背景，爱玛的悲剧形象以及觉醒形象并且分析形成爱玛这一女性形象的个人和社会成因，进一步阐述出包法利夫人中父权社会下爱玛的女性形象，从而突出女性在社会以及家庭的价值，增强女性的自我认知，提高女性的地位，促进两性平等。关键词：女性形象；父权社会；包法利夫人；爱玛IntroductionLi Jianwu (李健吾,1980,7) once said: Balzak is great, Stendhal is profound, and Flaubert
6、is perfect! Flaubert, an important critical realist writer of the 19th century, Madame Bovary is one of Flauberts masterpieces. It is not just a story telling us that a woman commits suicide by having an affair, but a thought-provoking female image behind the character and the social causes of the t
7、ragedy. Madame Bovary is not only a representative work of Flaubert, but also a portrayal of his values. In the 1840s, the capitalist system was established in Western Europe, and the French bourgeoisie gained its dominant position after the July Revolution. With the advancement of the industrial re
8、volution, French capitalism has made great progress. The novel depicts the social features of the French Second Empire after the bourgeois victory in 1848. The protagonist of the novel, Emma Bovary, is the daughter of a wealthy peasant from Bertaux. She spent her childhood in the monastery according
9、 to her parents wishes. She was educated by aristocrats, read romantic works, and dreamed of legendary love. When she was an adult, she married a mediocre and incomprehensible township doctor, Charlie Bovary. After marriage, she was unsatisfied with the existing state of affairs, and she often had a
10、n affair. Her two-degree affair has not brought her happiness, but has made her a target for usury. In order to please the lover, to maintain a luxurious life, she lost herself and squandered her husbands property and borrowed money from loan sharks. Being loved by love, the loan sharks forced the d
11、ebts, and finally she had no choice but to take the poison. Different scholars have different views on what makes Emma a female image. Some scholars believe that the female image of Emma was caused by the decadent and dark bourgeois system;Some scholars believe that it is caused by Emmas own unwilli
12、ngness to be mediocre and falling into illusory love that she cant extricate herself out; some scholars believe that it is a romantic novel, the depiction of love from reality has caused Emma to indulge. Most researchers focus on the bourgeois system, their own personality and the influence of roman
13、ticism on her. This undoubtedly provides us with a multi-dimensional perspective on the female image of Emma. For us, research is of great significance. But few scholars analyzed the image of Emma from the Patriarchy in which they were.From the perspective of Patriarchy, this thesis explores the fem
14、ale image of Emma in Madame Bovary. The first part summarizes the Patriarchy society, including the definition of Patriarchy society and the characteristics of Patriarchy society. The second part analyses the female image of Emma in Madame Bovary, including the tragic female image and the awakened f
15、emale image. The third part discusses the causes of Emmas tragic female image and the awakening of female image, and finally draws a conclusion. It is hoped that through the study of the image of women in the Patriarchy society of Madame Bovary, it will provide another perspective for the study of M
16、adame Bovary, and hope to draw lessons from the study of other works and to highlight the value of women in society and family, enhance womens self-awareness, improve womens status and promote gender equality.1. Brief Introduction of PatriarchyIn general, in Patriarchy, a mans superiority to woman i
17、s an accurate description of the status and relationship of men and women. In the Patriarchy, the gender orientation of women makes them always at the marginal position of the subordinates. They are excluded from social activities and can only be attached to men. So women are always considered stere
18、o typically passive, weak, submissive image while men are dominant, powerful, dignified image. 1.1 Definition of PatriarchyPatriarchy is a description of who is in control of the right to speak, The narrow Patriarchy mainly refers to the dominant power of men as the core force in the family. In the
19、materialist society, there is the social division of labor, but the status of men and women are alike, But when it came to the fathers clan, there was a struggle for rights and interests, and there was a war, and the status of men increased. In a family, men are engaged in more labor-intensive work,
20、 so the men began to establish a central role in the family, wife and children are under the ownership of men along with other private property, thus generating inequality between men and women. “In such a family relationship, as a wife, women are only tools for childbearing, no property of their ow
21、n, no personal freedom, and the relationship between husband and wife is essentially a relationship between the owner and the accessory.”(Pateman Carole ,1988,27) As a daughter, they were handed over to another male by the father as an exchange object, without the power to resist. Men have the right
22、 to speak in a Patriarchy society. Emmas marriage in Madame Bovary is decided by her Dad.When her father found out that Charlie was interested in Emma, he began to think that Charlie would not care about the dowry, and that as a doctor Charlie was a local person with status, it would not be a loss t
23、o marry Emma to him. Emma was thus exchanged by one male to another, which gave men the power to control the fate of women, and women who were aphasia can only be controlled by men.Patriarchy is an ideological and political system in which men decide what role women should play through strong and di
24、rect oppression, or through ritual, tradition, law, language, customs, etiquette, education and division of labor. They also place women under the control of men. Emma is eager to escape from male control.When women choose to be males dolls, men will say a solemn pledge of love to women, but once wo
25、men choose to be equal to them, men will take off the false masks, which is caused by the different social identities of men and women.Patriarchy has the universality and objectivity to hide the power control behind it. The Patriarchy discourse is to tell why you want to do it, and make the original
26、 unfairness and irrationality reasonable and legal. The Patriarchy is constructed by the Patriarchy discourse. When the subject accepts the fathers law and enters the symbolic order, this Patriarchy discourse will be written in our speech acts, controlling what we think, say, and do, the relationshi
27、p between subjects is a discourse relationship, and different discourses mean different discourse relationships. 1.2 Characteristics of PatriarchyPatriarchy improves the status of men in the relationship between men and women by demeaning womens social status and values, and therefore men are consid
28、ered to be the center of the world, and to dominate society, to their own interests, demands ethics, ethics, law, etc., which form a systematic culture system to limit and control women. Women have no status at all and are greatly restricted in many aspects.From the moment a woman was born, she was
29、decided that she had no ego in her life.When she is unmarried, her father announces his authority with his absolute authority.In the process of girls growing up through tradition, law, morality, customs, education, etc., the concept of women has become the product of womens socialization, and the co
30、ncept of women belonging to men is branded in their bones. When a girl reaches marriageable age, she is transferred as a bargaining chip from her father to another man, who becomes her new owner, and from then on she has to obey the man called her husband. Women in the Patriarchy are on the edge of
31、the society. They have nothing, have no independent personality and are at the mercy of others. They are just accessories of men. In a Patriarchy, the male who dominates the productive labor is the creator and maintainer of family wealth. They are forced to become economically vulnerable groups and
32、reproductive tools. Any woman who wants to break through the shackles of the Patriarchy and pursue her own life will be Suppressed by Patriarchy. The limitation of development space and living conditions directly lead to the subordinate status of women, making them the tools to please men. Emmas lif
33、e has been dominated by her father since childhood. What kind of education she receives and who she marries all obeys her fathers arrangements. She cant have her own ideas. After marriage, she can only follow her husband and have children for her husband. She has been dominated by Patriarchy.Patriar
34、chyThe patriarchy deprives womens right to participate in social labor through a clear division of labor.in public places, women can only play the role of the weak image, no source of income makes them unable to be financially independent. Women can only be daughters, wives and mothers, and although
35、 there are working women in Madame Bovary, they are nurses, servants or washerwomen. Women played subordinate roles, confined to their homes or gardens. Women are merely accessories and ornaments of mens social status and achievements. “They are just the objects of men, but they are only tools for s
36、uccession and are considered to be second sex.(Simone de Beauvior,1953,33) Based on the needs of men, Patriarchy shapes women into docile daughters, loyal wives and loving mothers. Women are not independent people but mens private property under the control of mens power. Women in a subordinate posi
37、tion cannot get rid of the bondage of male power and can only live in a state of bondage and oppression. They have no independent personality and cannot control their own destiny. Women were typical female parent in the Patriarchy. They have no chance to do what they want to do.2. Emmas Female Image
38、Madame Bovary successfully created a typical female image in the Patriarchy of France, who was subjected to males rights, desiring to resist traditional morality in their heart but willing to marginalize the image. Emma pursues freedom and ideal in her own way and shows different female images on he
39、r way to pursue freedom. It not only represents the discovery and awakening of womens self-worth, but also cannot escape the tragic image of women under patriarchy.2.1 Tragic ImageEmma represents the tragic image of women. First, tragic image under love and desire. When Emma was young, her father se
40、nt her to a monastery for aristocratic education. Before she got married, Emma was gentle and never talked back to her father; when she came back from the monastery, although she was not happy in the countryside, she would take care of her fathers whole estate; she pursued the trend of the city peop
41、le. She yearns for love infinitely, but at the same time she keeps her traditional reserve. Emma is keen on Romantic fiction. “She was the woman in love of all the novels.”(Robert Williams,2004,183) As a farm girl, she has a romantic interest beyond her own class. Emma has read Paul and Virginia, wh
42、ich describes her early romantic enlightenment. Emma is naive and pure, and she is deeply immersed in the illusion of Romantic fiction. A woman with such romantic feelings married a mediocre doctor. These have become the fuse of her unwillingness to be commonplace and her pursuit of romantic love af
43、ter marriage. On an occasional, Dr. Bovary and Emma were invited to the Marquis of Ondalvilles banquet at Wobisar Castle in Rongville. Emmas vain soul broke through the bondage of traditional morality and fell into a illusory love . In Rongville, Emma met Leon, a romantic and poetic intern with simi
44、lar interests, but Leon was still a shy young man, although he loved Emma, but the bondage of morality and the innocence of nature make him dare not go half a step. Eventually, he chose to go to Paris to study. At her lowest emotional level, the third man in her life appeared. Rich and frivolous Rod
45、olphee is quite different from her mediocre and incompetent husband and shy and cowardly Leon. He is arrogant, conceited. Emma was deeply caught in his sugar-coated shells, but Rodolphee only played a trick on Emma. The abandoned Emma met Leon after being severely damaged. Eventually, she lost herse
46、lf in the illusory love with Leon and went to destruction and ended her tragic life. Tragic image as women. Emma is different from the ideal woman in the traditional male concept. She is a rebel who is unwilling to stick to the fixed role of society. She is unwilling to be bound in the mediocre and
47、boring family. She always dares to express her passionate feelings and actively pursue the romantic love she longs for. Li Jianwu (Li Jianwu,1980,101)thought, She is a woman who is almost male. She has a strong personality, and then she will never give up again. Her failure is the same as that of al
48、l the strong person, with her strong personality. Emmas bold behavior, her demeanor and her enthusiasm for her own dreams were undoubtedly different and unique in the social situation of the time, which made her stand in stark contrast with many other women. She spends more time buying consumer good
49、s, dressing up, dating and enjoying herself, rather than teaching her husband and doing housework. She is unwilling to give up her feminine temperament in exchange for a false name which seems beautiful but actually a heavy shackle bestowed by male. Emmas thought could not transcend the specific social situation at that time and achieve real emancipation. Her soul is still marked b